Full text of "Torreya"

See other formats

So Se ca en a age ee ae an
+ argent —_ * EO se ee Pee int hE ee wan as " 7 = ~s =
Tether ne ae

ese nn ee ee

aa Pa Ry eS et — eee
So eae Oe new me ay

ee mae eae ee te.
sa, noe ~ re = ne

+ ee SS en

at i en
nee tye oe

Vol ° 2h -25
192-25

¢° TORREYA

A Bi-MontHLy JOURNAL of BoraNnicaL Notgs AND NEws

John Torrey, 1796-1873

EDITED FOR

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
BY

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

LIBRARY
EW YORK

TS a]
GARDENS

VOLUME 24

New YORK
1924

Vol. 24 January-February, 1924 No. 1

~ TORREYA

A’ Bti-MontuLy JouRNAL oF, BOTANICAL NOTES AND News
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE’ T.. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1706-1873

CONTENTS
Spring Flowers in Winter: GrorGs T. HASTINGs.,.00...00050.-..0202..... 1
‘A Cucurbitaceous Fruit from the Tertiary of Texas: EDWARD W. Berry... 5
Shorter Notes: .
Bulbous Bluegrass (Poa bulbosa): CHARLES V. PIPER........-........ 7
Notes on Some Honea Crab-grasses: Parry THUM NEWBOLD... _.. 8
A Genuine Fossil Ophioglossum: T. D. A. COCKERELL.........2.2..... 10

Book Review:
; Torrey, Place and Dickinson, New York Walk Book: G. T. HAstinGs.. 11
Proceedings Of thes Oli seis eS ek nee eae kee ok ae Nis s gle cee ame 8 12
INES MOLES Moc Oe NOLAN io. ope Re age See gee A ELAS 16

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 WEsT KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered atthe Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1924

Presideut
H. M. RICHARDS, Se:D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., \IP.
C. STUART GAGER, Pa.D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR. AL GRAVES, Pa.D:;
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, NEw Yorn Ciry
Treasurer
MARY .LEE’ MANN, A.M,
171 Union St., Flushing, N.Y.
Editor
H. M. DENSLOW, Pp.D.

“\'ssociate Editors

A. F. BLAKESLEE) Pu... GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M.

ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D.,; Pa.D.. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu.D:; Sc.D.

H. A..GLEASON, Pu.D. M, LEVINE, Pu.D.

ALFRED GUNDERSON, Pu.D. ARLOW B. STOUT, PH.D.
Bibliourapher

FRED. J. SEAVER, /Pu.D.

Delegate lo the Council of the New York Acadenvy of Sciences
MARSHALL. A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of me.nbership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a year, and An-
nual, at $5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend
all meetings of the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to re-
ceive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE
Witp FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TORREYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada
for one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers
elsewhere, twenty-five cents extra, or the. equivalent thereof. Pos-
tal or express money orders and drafts or personal checks on New York
City banks are accepted in payment, but the rules of the New York
Clearing House compel the request that ten cents be added to the amount
of any other local checks that may be sent. Subscriptions are received
only for full volumes, beginning with the January issue. Reprints will
be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and remittances should be
sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUuB, 8 West King St., Lan-
caster, Pa., or Miss Mary Lee Mann, 171 Union St.; Flushing, NOY.

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be

addressed to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS
2567 Sedgwick Ave. :
New York City. * ’

>
we.

i
‘

MAR I

LIBRARY
MEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARDEN

TORREYA

Vol. 24 No. 1
January-February, 1924

SPRING FLOWERS IN THE WINTER
GEORGE T. HASTINGS

Next spring’s flowers are all in the woods this winter. To
find them one must hunt below the soil, or beneath the scales
covering the buds of the flowering shrubs and trees. When it
becomes too cold for growth to continue there are three ways in
which plants may spend the winter. All annual plants die,
leaving the host of seeds to produce the next season’s plants;
shrubs and trees become dormant, the tender growing points
wrapped around with layers of dry scales coated with waterproof
varnish or wax; with other plants the parts above ground may
die, an underground stem remaining. In none of these ways is
the plant protected against cold or freezing. Even when under
ground the stems and buds are usually so near the surface that
they with the soil around them will be solidly frozen. The
protection given is chiefly against drying; the seeds with the
nearly waterproof.seed coat, the bud with the varnished scales,
the underground parts packed around with soil beneath a carpet
of dead leaves. The bud, whether on the tree or below ground,
is more than a growing point with the inherent power of de-
veloping stem, leaves and flowers, for the early spring flowers at
least, it contains in miniature all the flowers and leaves of next
season, ready to expand when wakened by the warmth of April
or May. In the winter, or before growth begins in the spring,
we may hunt the early flowers by digging down for a few inches
in the soil of the woods. After finding the bulbs or rootstocks
with their pale buds it is fascinating to open one of the latter,
carefully removing the protecting scales, to find the tiny per-
fectly formed leaves and flowers.

One of the most easily found of these plants is the hepatica
(Hepatica triloba, or H. acutiloba), easily recognized by the old
leaves which remain. Usually within an inch or less of the

surface are the pointed buds about half an inch long, white
with a reddish or violet tip, at the top of short, erect rootstocks.
Under the second or third scale is the first flower bud, densely
covered with silky hairs on the peduncle and the three bracts,
the sepals just showing at the tip. The next scale, thinner and
almost transparent, covers the second bud, slightly smaller than
the first. Under other scales come the succeeding flowers and
at the center a tiny, pointed mass of relatively longhairs indicates
the closely folded, three-lobed leaves.

Just above the ground in the woods one may find slender
green leaves from a quarter to a half inch long. These grow
from a solid brown corm about quarter of an inch across, buried
an inch or two below the surface. From the corm grow several
smaller leaves, the narrow blades pale yellow and folded back on
the petiole. Usually one or two flower shoots may also be found
with several flower buds of assorted sizes between two tiny
bracts. Each is covered by two sepals, the tiny petals within
showing no hint of the pink lines that make the spring beauty
so attractive. As last year’s leaves had withered shortly after
the seeds matured in the spring these young flowers must have
been formed months ago.

Well buried, two to six inches deep, one may find the hori-
zontal rootstocks of the False Solomon’s Seal or Wild Spikenard,
(Smilacina racemosa) ; these run for a foot or more with occasional
branches. An inch or more apart in the rootstock are the scars
of flowering stems, often a dozen or more showing that a leafy
branch has been sent up into the air each spring for that number
of years. At the end of each branch of the rootstock conical
buds turn up, the smaller of these contain only leaves, the larger
contain leaves and flowers. After removing three or four white
scales, the inner ones covering the entire bud, one finds ten or
twelve pale yellow leaves each wrapped around the ones nearer
the tip of the stem. Inside the last of these is the white flower
cluster,a tiny stalk an eighth of an inch long, closely covered with
flowers. The latter under the hand lens are seen to be complete
with a ring of six stamens and a perianth that can be found only
when a flower is dissected out of the cluster and examined from
the side. One cannot help but marvel at the beautiful way in
which the parts are packed together and prepared so far in
advance of the time of opening. This is not all, though, for below

the bud on the rootstock is a much smaller bud, that now shows
only a pair of protecting scales about a solid mass of tissue.
This bud will carry the underground stem on an inch or two next
year and develop the bud for year after next.

In situations similar to that where the False Solomon’s Seal
was found one may find an irregular mass of dark brown root-
stocks with a yellowish white bud pointing up at the end of
each of the many branches, the winter condition of the wild
geranium (Geranium maculatum). Here the scales that protect
the bud are two-lobed. The outer one may show three or five
tiny brown points in the notch, the next a rudimentary five-
lobed leaf. These first leaves were not meant to develop, the
petiole united with the stipules, being used only for protection.
Under three or four of these scales are the leaves, the five or
seven divisions folded.on each other and bent forward to touch
the stipules folded around the next leaf, which shows pale orange
red through their waxy white sides. Within the last pair of
stipules is the flower cluster. The leaflets on the flower stalk
and a series of delicate bracts surround the tiny buds. The
tips of the sepals, mere points when the flower opens, are now
_ like gnomes’ caps covering the petals and stamens.

In similar ways the anemones, buttercups, early meadow rue,
Solomon’s seal, dog-tooth violet and other spring flowers may
be found at any time the ground can be dug from September on.
It should add to the interest of winter hikes to know that these
flowers are already waiting below ground for the coming of
spring; it will certainly be a fascinating experience to open one
of these buds and examine the leaves and flowers with a pocket
lens.

Explanation of plate I

Fic. 1. Hepatica, (Hepatica acutiloba).

Piant, X 2; bud opened to show flower buds and leaf cluster at center, X 2;
section of flower bud, X 5.

Fic. 2. Wild Geranium, (Geranium maculatum).

Rootstock, X 1; terminal bud with outer scales removed, same witn leaves
removed to show flower bud, one of outer scales with leaf rudiment, leaf
with stipules spread out, all X 4; flower bud in section, X 25.

Fic. 3. Spring Beauty, (Claytonia virginica).

Plant, X 2; flower cluster, X 8.

Fic. 4. False Solomon’s Seal, (Smilacina racemosa).

Rootstocks, X 1; bud in section, X 3; flower from bud, X 25.

New YorK CIty.

VOL. 24, PLATE I

ToORREYA

A CUCURBITACEOUS FRUIT FROM
THE TERTIARY OF TEXAS

The large fruit which is the subject of the present contribution
was sent to me in 1921 by Professor O. M. Ball of the Agricultural]
and Mechanical College of Texas, who obtained it from a student
who had picked it up on the surface in Foard County, in that
state.

According to the geological map of Texas published by the Uni-
versity of Texas in 1919, the whole of Foard County is underlain

CALCOPHYSOIDES BALLI gen. et sp. nov. Nat. size
1. From side 2. From end

by undifferentiated Permian. About fifty miles to the west of the
County the eastern boundary of the Cenozoic deposits of the Great
Plains province is placed. These last comprise the Panhandle
and Clarendon Miotene, the Blanco Pliocene, the Tule or Rock
Creek Pleistocene, and other unnamed deposits. Some of
these undoubtedly extend farther to the eastward than they
have been mapped, and it was from some such outcrop of un-
consolidated Tertiary, possibly of very limited extent, that the
present fossil was obtained.

I was impressed with its resemblance to the capsular fruits of
various members of the order Malvales and entertained no doubt
but that its determination would prove to be a simple matter.
Such was not the case, for a diligent search of collections and of
the literature, and consultation with a number of systematic
botanists proved to be without results of any value.

Exteriorly the specimen appeared to represent a coriaceous or
ligneous, four-valved, indehiscent capsule with parietal placentae,
suggesting comparisons with various existing Sterculiaceae and
Bombacaceae such as the genera Pachira, Bombax, Bombacopsis,
Tribroma, etc. All these are, however, normally five-celled.
The African genus Bersama of the family Meliaceae is the only
one that came to my notice that has somewhat similar, large,
four-celled capsules. Among fossil forms there was a great
superficial resemblance to the Wilcox Eocene genus Sterculio-
carpus, also five-celled.

Sections of the fossil fruit at once revealed the fact that,
despite its appearance, it was not capsular in nature, since there
are no traces of partitions in the transverse section, and it became
evident that the specimen represented an interior cast of a hard
shelled, gourd-like fruit, and I have no doubt but that it should
be referred to the family Cucurbitaceae. A new genus is here
proposed for its reception, and, because of its resemblance to the
tropical American genus Calycophysum of Triana, this new
genus is called Calycophysoides, and the species is named in
honor of Professor Ball. It may be described as follows:

Calycophysoides balli gen. et sp. nov.

Fruit a gourd, prolate spheroidal in shape, the interior cast
8.3 centimeters in length and 5.1 centimeters in maximum
diameter, with four parietal placentae not equally spaced nor
equally developed, in life filled with pulpy material and contain-
ing numerous small seeds. What appear to be the outlines of
seeds are preserved around the periphery of thecast where they
have been eroded out or rotted away subsequent to calcification.
These appear to have been relatively small, 3 to 4 millimeters in
length, broader and more rounded at one end, bluntly pointed
at the other, and with one diameter greater than the other, that
is, they were slightly compressed. Allowing for the hardened
pericarp which permitted the formation of the cast, the specimen.

in life would have been at least to centimeters long and 6 centi-
meters in maximum diameter.

I have naturally not seen as much recent comparative material
as I should like, but I have been impressed with the resemblance
between the fossil and the fruits of the modern genus Calyco-
physum, which, according to Pittier, embraces at least five
species of vines of valleys below about 4000 feet in Colombia,
Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia. It may be, of course, that
some related genus whose fruits I have not seen, as for example,
in the genus Sicana, may be more similar to the fossil, and there
may still exist, in the Mexican region, a less decidedly tropical
member of the Cucurbitaceae which the fossil represents. Those
who will take the trouble to compare the accompanying illus-
trations with Pittier’s figures of Calycophysum brevipes,* and
especially with the section shown on his plate 30, will, I think,
be forced to admit the great similarity between the fossil and
this modern fruit, and will at least concede that its reference to-
the Cucurbitaceae is correct.

It is regrettable that the exact age of the fossil can not be:
determined. It is obviously Tertiary. If it be considered to.
represent a modern tropical genus it can scarcely be younger
than late Eocene or Oligocene. If, on the other hand, it re-
presents a modern genus of the Mexican plateau region, which is
suggested by its geographical location, it might very well re-
present an element in the flora of the Panhandle and Clarendon
Miocene, or even the Blanco Pliocene. I am inclined to think
that one or the other of the latter alternatives is correct.

EDWARD W. BERRY.

SHORTER NOTES
BULBOUS BLUEGRASS (POA BULBOSA L.)

This grass has been established many years in the lawns of
Capitol Square, Richmond, Virginia. It is there regarded with
disfavor because while making a beautiful green turf in late fall,
winter and early spring, it turns black and apparently dies in
June and then makes very unsightly patches. The grass was
first brought to our attention in June, 1915, by Mr. John W.

* Pittier, H., Cont. U.S. Natl. Herb., vol. 20, p. 487, pls. 27-30, 1922.

Richardson, of Richmond, but no positive identification was
hazarded until February, 1916. At Arlington Farm, Virginia,
the grass flowers in April and May, some of the panicles normal
but in many the spikelets are proliferous. At Middletown,
Connecticut, most of the panicles are normal.

The underground stem of Poa bulbosa is a true bulb, about the
size of awheat grain. These lie dormant at Arlington from about
June 1 to October 15, but during the rest of the year the grass
makes exquisite turf. Planted in Bermuda turf, the two provide
a perennial green sward, the Poa bulbosa beginning to grow about
the time the frost turns the Bermuda brown. In late spring
the Bermuda greens up about the time the Poa is waning. For
this use the grass promises to be of value particularly on golf
courses in the South. It is esteemed for this purpose in southern
France.

Poa bulbosa also occurs at Ashland, Virginia, and specimens
with proliferating heads have been collected in Washington
State at Bingen and Walla Walla. According to Prof. F. H.
Hillman the bulblets of Poa bulbosa occur not uncommonly in
alfalfa seed from Turkestan and have been found in alfalfa seed
from France and red clover seed from Italy.

CHARLES V. PIPER.

NoTES ON SOME FOREIGN CRAB-GRASSES

A number of foreign crab-grasses have recently been introduced
for experiments in foreign crop investigations by the United
States Department of Agriculture. As it is desired to refer to
these under their correct names, in another connection, eleven
species heretofore known under various other generic names are
here referred to Syntherisma, the oldest valid name* for the
crab-grasses.

Syntherisma abyssinica (Hochst.) Newbold.

Panicum abyssinicum Hochst.; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2:
360. 1851.

According to Dr. H. L. Shantz this grass is closely grazed by
stock in Ukambe Province, Kenia, Africa.

Syntherisma eriantha (Steud.) Newbold.
Digitaria eriantha Steud., in Flora 12: 468. 1829.

* Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 772: 215. 1920.

This grass is said to be one of the best tropical African sweet
grasses for use as a cattle fodder.
Syntherisma exilis (Kippist) Newbold.

Paspalum exile Kippist, in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1: 157. 1842.

The seeds are known in Sierra Leone, Africa, as fundi and are
prized as a cereal; Prof. Piper considers this a remarkably
promising forage for the southern states.

Syntherisma henryi (Rendle) Newbold.

Digitaria henryi Rendle, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 323.
1904.

Introduced from China as a possible forage crop.
Syntherisma iburua (Stapf) Newbold.

Digitaria iburua Stapf, in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 8: 382. 1915.

Iburu is grown as a cereal by the natives of northern Nigeria.
It is being tested in this country as a forage crop.

Syntherisma nodosa (Parl.) Newbold.

Digitaria nodosa Parl. Pl. Nov. 39. 1842.

This species is reported by Stapf to be a good fodder in
tropical Africa.

Syntherisma parviflora (R. Br.) Newbold.

Panicum parviflorum R. Br. Prodr. 192. 1810.

Reported by B. Harrison, Burringbar, New South Wales, to
be a heavy yielder of nutritious fodder and to grow well in sandy
soil.

Syntherisma puberula (Link) Newbold.

Digitaria puberula Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 223. 1827.

A slender annual, native to India, introduced for trial as a
possible forage plant.

Syntherisma royleana (Nees) Newbold.

Panicum royleanum Nees; Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 47. 1854.

Considered by Prof. Piper to furnish excellent pasturage.
Syntherisma ternata (A. Rich.) Newbold.

Cynodon ternatus A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 405. 1851.

Cultivated for forage in the central provinces of Nigeria.
Syntherisma uniglumis (A. Rich.) Newbold.

Panicum uniglume A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 370. 1851.

Reported by Dr. H. L. Shantz to be an important river-
bottom grass in the Belgian Kongo.

Patty THuM NEWBOLD.

A GENUINE FossIL OPHIOGLOSSUM

Dr. -Hollick’s recent paper* on ‘‘The taxonomic and mor-
phologic status of Ophicglossum Allent Lesquereaux”’ is especially
noteworthy for the admirable new figures he presents. We are
agreed, at least, that the fossil has nothing to do with Ophio-
glossum. One objection to the idea that it is a pod is the fact
that I could never see two valves in any of the specimens.
Were they present they would be indicated by the overlapping

OPHIOGLOSSUM HASTATIFORME, twice natural size.

of the very open reticulation. Dobinea, on the other hand, is
quite a new suggestion, but the marginal venation of that plant
(not well shown in Dr. Hollick’s figure) is quite unlike that of the
fossil.

It is very interesting to now discover a perfectly genuine
Ophioglossum in our Tertiary rocks. It was discovered by Mr. H.
N. Brown of Lander, Wyoming, who transmitted it to Professor
I. A. Keyte of Colorado College. It was finally referred to the
Museum of the University of Colorado, to which it has been
kindly presented. Two specimens were found.

Ophioglossum hastatiforme new species

Lamina elongate, enlarged apically with the outline of a spear-
head, the apex broad but acute; spike elongate, formed as usual °
in the genus, the gradually attenuate end not quite reaching the
end of the lamina. Sporangia in about 28 pairs, the series.

*Bulletin, Torrey Botanical Club, 50: 207-213. 1923.

about 16 mm. long; expanded portion of the lamina about 8
mm. long and 3.2 wide. The sporophyll not apiculate.

Wind River or Bridger formation, Eocene Tertiary; Tipperary,
Wyoming. The plants were possibly immature, but the long
lamina accords with the mature condition of such species as the
Asiatic O. pendulum, although that does not present the outline
of a spear-head. The generic reference is, at any rate, quite
satisfactory.

TD SAV COCRERELE:

BOOK REVIEW

The New York Walk Book* while meant for hikers should be
of interest to all botanists in the neighborhood of New York. In
the introduction the author states that “if this book seems to
imply that scenery and climbing and rocks and mileage are the
main goal for walkers, it is not for any lack of appreciation of the
lure and variety of rewards offered by hunts for trees and all
growing things, birds and all moving things, snow tracks or
winter buds.’’ The book divides the region within some fifty
miles of the city into fifteen districts, briefly describes each as to
the general topography and other features, and outlines the best
walks that can be taken. These walks are described in detail,
beginning with the best ways of reaching the starting points,
with the time and cost by trolley or train, the character of the
walk—level or hilly, rough or smooth, dry or swampy, the trails
and paths to follow, special features of interest, the location of
springs, etc. The directions are so detailed and clear that it is
hard to see how anyone at all used to the outdoors can lose the
trail. Moreover, the directions have such suggestion of wild
places, fine views, the possibilities of finding rare plants and the
joy of the great outdoors that to read them is to be filled with a
great desire to take the trail, ‘‘to keep to the ridge to a fine spring
under an ash tree, to follow along the ridge through the briar
patch and the wild apple orchard, up the nose of the hill past a
fine boulder.’’ The botanist certainly will find much of interest

* New York Walk Book, Raymond Torrey, Frank Place and Robert L.
Dickinson, The American Geographical Society, Broadway at 156th Street,
New York. Pocket Edition, thin paper and flexible covers, $2.00; Special
Library Edition, heavier paper and fifteen half tones, $4.00.

12
ona walk that offers patches of prickly pear on a wood road “that
runs through an abandoned farm and then through primeval
forest. After three quarters of a mile of this one comes to a
lane to the left lined with cedars. Following this down to the
edge of Franklin Lake—by leaving the birches and keeping
straight ahead one comes to a brook trickling down a cascade.”
But all of the one hundred and more walks, varying from two
to sixteen miles for one-day hikes with a few longer ones for week-
end trips, are full of such suggestive notes. Following the
descriptions is an appendix with a list of outing clubs (the Torrey
Botanical Club and the Wild Flower Preservation Society are
listed), of stopping places for overnight hikes, of equipment for
the trail, of fire laws and regulations in New York, Pennsylvania,
Connecticut, and Massachusetts, of geology and _ physical
geography of the district and of the plant life. The book
contains nine maps, modified from the U. S. Geological Survey,
and eighty pen and ink sketches.

G. T. HAsTINGs.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEE CLUS
MEETING OF OCTOBER 9, 1923

The meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History.

Mr. E. P. Larkin, Flushing, N. Y., and Miss Zaida Nicholson,
New York City, were elected to membership.

The Secretary announced, with regret, the death of two
members, that of Mr. William S. Opdyke on Oct. 20, 1922, and
that of Prof. W. W. Rowlee on August 8, 1923.

The program of the evening consisted of informal reports on
summer work and excursions.

Dr. Denslow stated that he had spent ten weeks in Fairlee,
Vermont, and that in nine previous summers he had found in
that town a total of 33 species of orchids within a radius of about
21% miles. This year one species, Calopogon pulchellus, was
added to the previous number. On the 7th of July, about 500
plants of Cypripedium hirsutum, the showy lady’s slipper, were
found in one swampy locality.. One of the flowers, showing a
double lip, was sent to the herbarium of the N. Y. Botanical
Garden. At Hewitt, New Jersey, later in the season, the fringed

gentian was seen to be abundant on the sides of a rocky railway
cut.

Dr. W. A. Murrill, through notes read by the Secretary, re-
ferred to various expeditions for the collection of fungi, one to
Florida in March, reported in full in the Journal of The N. Y.
Botanical Garden for July and also in the N. Y. 7imes; one to
Mountain Lake and Blacksburg, Virginia, on account of which
is forthcoming in the Journal, and fungus notes which appeared
in Mycologia for September; and a visit to Woodstock and
Yama Farms in the Catskills, a report of which will appear in
Torreya. Dr. Murrill was also at the Interstate Park several
times to assist Girl Scouts in their nature-stud'y work.

Dr. Tracy E. Hazen reported that he spent his summer at
Woods Hole, Mass., with a vacation later on Grand Manan,
New Brunswick. Much of the time at Woods Hole was devoted
to the identification of fresh water algae collected on Penikese
Island as a part of an attempt to make a list of the plants on
that island for comparison with a list published by Dr. David
Starr Jordan fifty years earlier. An apparently new species of
Chlamydomonas discovered on Penikese was found later on
Grand Manan.

Mr. A. T. Beals reported on week-end trips to various points
in the local flora area. All swamps were found tébe unusually
dry. In Bushkill, Pa., and Closter, N. J., Ranunculus delphini-
folius was collected. Special attention was given to slime-
moulds, several species of which were exhibited. Mr. Robert
Hagelstein had reported to him the collection of eighteen species
of slime-moulds from one log during the season. The different
species appear to have different times for maturing, September
being the culminating month for many of them.

Dr. M. A. Howe reported an abundance of the fringed gentian
at Pleasantville, N. Y., in meadows where fresh seeds were sown
several years previously by Dr. George F. Norton. He men-
tioned also the occurrence of Gentiana linearis Froel. at Newfane,
Vermont.

Miss Pauline Kaufman mentioned visits to Arcadia, Sound
Beach, Conn., and to Monachie, New Jersey.

MarsHALL A. HOWE,
Secretary.

14
MEETING OF OCTOBER 31, 1923

The meeting was held at the Museum of The New York
Botanical Garden.

In the matter of an invitation to send a delegate to the
Joseph Leidy Commemorative Meeting to be held in Philadel-
phia on December 6, it was agreed to leave the selection of 1
delegate to the Secretary.

Letters from various European institutions asking for dona-
tions of the Club’s publications or proposing exchanges therefor
were read and it was voted to refer the matter to a special com-
mittee to be appointed by the Chairman.

Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham, New Rochelle, N. Y., was elected
to membership.

The scientific program consisted of a discussion by Dr. N. L.
Britton and Mr. William Beebe of ‘‘Plants of the Galapagos
Islands,’ collected on the Williams Expedition of the N. Y.
Zoological Society.

Dr. Britton, introducing the subject, alluded to the isolation
of Galapagos Islands, lying in the Pacific Ocean near the Equa-
tor, about 650 miles west of Ecuador and 900 miles southwest of
Panama. He referred to Charles Darwin’s visit in 1835 as
naturalist of the voyage of The Beagle, and to the impetus given
to the evolutionary theory by Darwin’s observation that tortoises
from the different islands showed characteristic differences.
There is considerable literature on the flora of these islands, the
most comprehensive paper being Dr. Alban Stewart’s ‘A Botan-
ical Survey of the Galapagos Islands,” published in 1911, and
listing 615 species and varieties of spermatophytes and pterido-
phytes. Dr. Stewart spent more than ayear in the archipelago in
1905-06. Darwin thought that 50% of the plants and animals
were endemic. Increasing knowledge has reduced the pro-
portion of endemic species to about 40%. There have been
two theories as to the origin of the fauna and flora of the Gala-
pagos. One assumes the existence of an ancient bridge of land
connecting the islands with the continent; the other assumes
that the islands were always islands and that seeds and plants
have been brought there by birds, winds and waves, etc. Some
of the endemic species of plants show many races or varieties.

One of the most common grasses in the collection is Eragrostis

cilianensis, a weed. There are three or four species of sedges
among the plants collected by the Williams Expedition. There
are many amaranths, mostly endemic. A Portulaca or an allied
plant has been revived from a supposedly dried specimen and is
now thriving in the greenhouses of The N. Y. Botanical Garden.
A heavily armed Parkinsonia is sometimes called the Jerusalem
Thorn. There are numerous species of Croton, Euphorbia,
and allied genera. Cvoton Scoulert has eight or nine varieties.
An endemic species of Waltheria and two kinds of cotton,
Gossypium Klotzchianum and G. Darwiniit are found. There
is an endemic Lantana, closely related to a South American
species, and also a yellow-flowered Cordia, related to one of the
mainland. Also an endemic species of Coldenia. Lichens are
abundant on rocks.

Mr. Beebe emphasized the thorny character of the vegetation,
this peculiarity interfering seriously with travel. He and his
companion, Prof. W. M. Wheeler, had been able, however, to
penetrate to a distance of five miles from the coast, while their
predecessors, he believed, had gone only three miles. Small
meadows with rich red soil covered with Cenchrus seemed to
offer easy traveling but proved quite otherwise. There was
frequent or nearly constant rainfall in the interior but it was very
arid along the coast. The rock is porous tufa and lava, and the
only stream is a small one on Chatham Island. The highest
mountain has an elevation of about 5,000 feet and is clothed
with a rather dense vegetation. Elaphrium graveolens appears
to be the principal tree. Four-fifths of the flowers are yellow.
In its general appearance the vegetation suggests that of the
South African veldts. The members of the Williams Expedition
gave more special attention to the animal life. Certain lizards
were observed to eat cacti, spines and all. They also climbed
trees and ate the leaves. The big tortoises are now nearly
extinct. The birds, sea-lions, and animals in general showed no
fear of man. Mr. Beebe found nothing to indicate original
isolation of the Galapagos Islands group. The Humboldt
Current and the prevailing winds are from the southeast. The
nearest relatives of the animals, with the exception of sea-lions
and penguins, are found in Central America and Mexico—to the
northwest.

Mr. R. S. Williams made a brief report on the mosses of the

Galapagos Islands, stating that about one-third of the species
are endemic, and that the others occur in Central America and
northern South America.
MARSHALL A. HOWE,
Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

The Wild Flower Preservation Society of America distributed
during the holiday season leaflets on the preservation of the
plants used as Christmas greens. The balsam tree is recom-
mended for Christmas trees. The statement is made that six
hundred years of Holly life is extinguished in one puny “3 x 2x2
ft. florist’s box.’’ The society also prepared stickers in red and
green for envelopes with the message HOLLY AND LAUREL
are fast disappearing, use substitutes.

Dr. J. Arthur Harris, who for a number of years has been a
member of the staff of the Station for Experimental Evolution
of the Carnegie Institution at Cold Spring Harbor, and a member
of the editorial board of the Torrey Botanical Club, has been
elected Professor of Botany and Head of the Department of
Botany of the University of Minnesota. He expects to take up
his new duties in September of the present year.

Dr. William Crocker, Director of the Boyce Thompson Institute
of Plant Research of Yonkers, N. Y., has been elected President
of the Botanical Society of America. Dr. A. F. Blakeslee of the
Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor,
N. Y., is the new Vice-president of the Society.

Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton left New York on January 26th
for a two months’ visit to Porto Rico, where they will continue
their investigations of the Flora of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands.

‘The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous Copies
./ of the number of Torreya in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

) Reprints should be ordered, when ran sbi roof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, , have furnished the following
rates:

aa APP: S8pp-{12pp. 16pp: 20pp. 24pD. | 28pp.) 32pP. | 48pp. 64pp

i aR -—— a id

et ‘copies sor 4.0|$2.4.5|$3.65 g 4.4018 5.65 $6.5018 8.dol$ 8.45'$12.55| $15.90

i 1.65} 2.90) 4.25] 5.10] 6.65) 7:75] 9.40) 9.85] 14.15) 17.35

/ 5 1.95] 3-35} 4.85] 5.65] 7.60) 8.75} 10.45) 11.25) 15-65) 19.95
Hane ¢o\0 Gage 2.25 3-80; 5.35], 6.35) 8.25] 9.80] 11.55] 12.45) 17:55] 22.05
)150 at, 2.70 4.60) 6.50} 7.60} 10.20] 12.10} 14.20] 15,20} 21.35) 26.80

| 200 i 3.00] 5.05]. 7.15] 8.35] 11.40] 13.50] 15.80) 16.85] 23.55) 29.60
300 Set 3485 6.20, 9.20} 10.70} 14.85} 17.55] 20.50} 21.05] 30.20) 37.40
Enea Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 114c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00

Committees for 1924.
Field’ Committeé
A.T. BeALs, Chairman.

Miss JEAN BROADHURST
H. M. DensLow

/ Finance Committee
R. A. HARPER, Chairman.
Wig ean a BARNHART
0 EB. Py BICKNELL
ra Miss C. C. HAYNES G. C, FISHER
’ SERENO STETSON LupLow GrRISscom ©!
mH a Ses aoe Miss EM: Kuprer
“lll Shen Say tah Oa R MicHAEL LEVINE
f eu: Miss Darsy Levy
Ha PENS oN RAYMOND H. Torrey
unt ii Percy WILSON
diet Ganitdiitees Membership Committee

J. H. Barnuart, Chamman.’, J. K. SMALL, Chairman.

R. A, HARPER T. E. Hazen
N, L. Britton NORMAN TAYLOR
_~H. M. DENsLow’
~-C..S.GAGER | Local Flora Committee
_ M.A. Howe N. L. Britton, Chairman.
He A, Rusby

Phanerogams:

E. P. BICKNELL
N. L. Britton

H. M. DENsLow
W.-C. FerGuson
LuDLOW GRISCOM
BAYARD LONG

Kk. K. MACKENZIE
G. E. NtcHous
NORMAN TAYLOR

Cryptogams:
Mrs. E. G. Brrrtox
A. W, Evans
TE. HAZEN
M.A, Howe
MicHAkt LEVINE
W.2A. MuRRILL
F. J. SEAVER

-. Program Committee
(AVAL GRAVES, Chairman.
Mr. E.G. Brirron
» > ALFRED GUNDERSEN
VOR WB AZEN.

M.A. Howr

.Chairmen on Special Committees on Local Flora

Marine Algae:

betcha antl Fern Allies: R.C. Benedict

wt Lichens:
yess ‘Mosses: Mrs. E.G. Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.
Liverworts. A. W. Evans Richards

Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen

M. A. Howe
Gasteromycetes:, G. C. Fisher

. Hymenomycetes: W. A. Murrill

_ Except Russula and Lactarius: Miss G.
.- §. Burlingham:

- Cortinarius: R. A. Harper
_Polyporeae: M, Levine

ts Rusts and Smuts: P. a alison
_. Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver

Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
berineae: F. J. Seaver

Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed

Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout

Imperfecti:. F. J. Seaver. Mel. T-.
Cook

Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee

Myxomycetes:

Yeast and Bacteri:: Miss. J. Broad-
hurst

Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A monthly journal devoted to general botany, establiched
1870. Vol. 49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum.
For: Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soho Sane
London, are agents for England.

Of former volumes, 24-47 can be supplied separately
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers has been
reserved for the completion of sets. Single copies (40
cents) will be furnished only when not breaking complete
volumes.

(2) MEMOIRS

‘The Memorrs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes-1-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing. Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will,
be furnished on application.

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of |
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00.

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to:
MISS MARY LEE MANN

59 East 86th St.
New York: City

‘

Vol. 24 March-April, 1924 No. 2

A Bi-MonTHLY JOURNAL oF BoTANICAL Notes AND News

EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS

Cup-fungi of Common Occurrence, FRED J. SEAVER......-.....-..-.55--5. 17

The Flora of the Town of Southold, Fourth Supplementary List, Stewart H.
PRE OM eAND -ROVN ACT ATEAM SO Boel) AN vont ia hay tages one aetna Se 22
Book Review:

Linnaeus, BENJAMIN Dayton JAckson, G. T. HASTINGS............... 33

; Praeccgmes of the Club cet eu Se Ne ae as De Ce ee ee eee 34

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, PA.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1924

President
H.M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents .
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, PuH:D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR A: GRAVES, PH.D.
BrookLyn Botanic GARDEN, NEw York City

Treasurer
MARY LEE: MANN, ‘AVM:
¥71: Union St., Flushing, N. Y.

Editor
H. M, DENSLOW, Pp.D,

Associate Editors
A. FE. BLAKESLEE, PxH.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M.

ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D.,; Pa#.D.. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu.D., Sc.D.

H. A, GLEASON,: Pa.D. M. LEVINE, Px.D.

ALFRED GUNDERSON, Pu.D. ARLOW B. STOUT, Pa D.
Bibliographer

FRED. J. SEAVER, Pu.D.

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a vear, and Annmal, at
$5.00.a,year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings, of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

-TORREVYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE

WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorRREYA is furnished to subscribers i in. the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
{wenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postai or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks ate accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other !ocal checks that may be ’
sent. Subscriptions are received onty for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL GLuB, 8 West

King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Miss Mary Lee Mann, 171 Union St., Flushing, 4

NEWS
Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS |
2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

POWAY 3° 1924

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARDEN

TORREYA

Vol. 24 No. 2
March-April, 1924

CUP-FUNGI* OF COMMON OCCURRENCE
FrED J. SEAVER

As spring opens the nature lover is glad to welcome the return
of the flowers which occur with such surprising regularity in the
same region year after year. He will not hesitate to predict
what species will be found at any given time and place barring
unusual climatic conditions.

Few realize that many of the fungi cccur with the same regu-
larity and that, indeed, what we call the fungus merely corre-
sponds to the flowering and fruiting stage of the higher plants,
and that their growing stage persists, unseen, in the soil or other
substratum throughout the year and often for many years or
until the substratum itself becomes so changed chemically that
it can no longer support this kind of life. So if sufficiently ob-
servant one can also predict the fungus flora of any given region
for any particular period with about as much certainty as that
of the flowering plants, provided the rainfall is normal.

Taking as an illustration the cup-fungi, including the most con-
spicuous and attractive forms of the higher fungi belonging to
the group known as the ascomycetes, we find the group made up
of early spring, summer, and autumn species while others like
many of the flowering plants continue to fruit throughout the
warm or growing season. The fruiting time of some species is
limited to a single month in a given region which in warmer or
colder parts may be shifted a month forward or backward as the
case may be.

For the benefit of local workers who are interested in out-of-
door excursions, we will enumerate a few of the cup-fungi which

* An illustrated volume on the Cup-Fungi of North America is in course of
preparation by the writer and to this end, specimens, photographs or data
bearing on the occurrence and distribution of any of the species will be gladly
received, as well as the names of any who might be interested in securing such

a volume when completed.
Fy

may be expected during the different periods of the year. These
usually occur in shaded places in woods, in the borders of woods,
or more rarely in open places.

EARLY SPRING SPECIES

The scarlet cup (Sarcoscypha coccinea) is one of the first to
appear in the spring as soon as the frost is out of the ground.
The cups grow from sticks in the woods and are externally
whitish with the interior scarlet-red and reach a diameter of one
or two inches. Like some of the early spring flowers if the
season is sufficiently open the scarlet cup may rarely be found in
the late autumn apparently in anticipation of the springtime.

The black urn (Urnula Craterium) like the preceding occurs
early in the spring from March to May or rarely extending over
to June. It first appears in the form of a row of black fingers
growing from partially buried sticks. Later these club-shaped
bodies open and expand into the form of an urn suggesting the
above name. The fruiting bodies when mature are two or three
inches across and supported by a stout stem.

The tuberous cup-fungi (Sclerotinia tuberosa and Sclerotinia
Geranit) have been collected together in the same restricted
region for a number of years, their fruiting season being limited
to April and May. The appearance of the two named species
can be predicted in that place next spring with as much certainty
as the appearance of any of the flowering plants which persist
in the ground from year to year.

The spring mushroom (Morchella esculenta) or “Honey earnie
mushroom as it is sometimes called makes its appearance in
this section almost exclusively in the month of May, although it
may come in April a little further south. All of the specimens
seen from New York State were collected in May. This species
may also be found year after year in the same place and is one
of the most important edible species of cup-fungi.

LATE SPRING OR SUMMER SPECIES

Closely related to the large scarlet cup which appears so early
in the spring are the hairy cup and the smaller western form of
the scarlet cup (Sarcoscypha floccosa and Sarcoscypha occidentalis).
In sharp contrast to the scarlet cup these forms occur from May

to July or August and like their larger relative attract much
attention because of their brilliant color.

Occurring about the same time are the species of Aceftabula
so called because of their resemblance to the ancient vinegar-cup
whatever that may have been. The two forms shown in the
accompanying plate (Acetabula sulcata and Acetabula vulgaris)
are frequently collected but can scarcely be said to be common.
The former is characterized by its fluted stem and the latter by
the veins which adorn the exterior of the cups.

The saddle fungi occur in the late spring and extend through
until autumn. In these types the fruiting body consists of a
stem with a cap which is inclined to assume the form of a saddle
suggesting the name. The white saddle-fungus (Helvella crispa),
shown on plate, is often encountered.

The brain fungus (Gyromitra esculenia) also shown on the
accompanying plate is closely related to the former and is often
treated in the same genus. The cap in this form is convoluted
into brain-like folds. As the name implies the species is edible,
as are most of the cup-fungi.

The orange cup (Aleuria aurantia) although often seen in the
spring is far more abundant in September and October. This
species may be easily recognized by the decidedly orange colored
cups reaching a diameter of one to two inches.

The revolute cup (Peziza repanda), shown on the plate, may
be found during the summer and autumn on rotten logs and
stumps. The cups become very large often several inches in
diameter and flatten out, often with the margin turned back.

AUTUMN SPECIES

While many species extend through to the autumn a number
are distinctly fall species. Among these is the shield-shaped
species (Peziza clypeaia) which may be found on rotten logs from
September until November or until freezing weather interferes
with its growth. This species has been collected by the writer
on the same log for a number of years in succession, always oc-
curring at about the same time in the autumn.

A cluster of cup-fungi (Sclerotinia) puffing their spores.

SPORE DISPERSAL

One of the most interesting phenomena in connection with this
group of fungi is that of the puffing of their spores. The spores
in this type of fungus are borne in sacs, for the most part cylin-
drical, and usually eight in each sac or ascus. These are held:
under tension. At the slightest atmospheric disturbance,
thousands or perhaps millions of these sacs discharge their
contents into the air where the minute spores appear like a
cloud: of dust and are borne away by the slightest breeze.
Through the courtesy of Cornell University, I am permitted to
reproduce the rather remarkable photograph made by Mr.
Fisher, photographer for the Department of Plant Pathology of
that institution. Anyone collecting cup-fungi will be able to
observe the smoking or puffing of their spores.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

. Spring or honeycomb mushroom, Morchella esculenta.
. Fluted Acetabula, Acetabula sulcata.

. White saddle-fungus, Helvella crispa.

. Common Acetabula, Acetabula vulgaris.

. Brain-fungus, Gyromutra esculenta.

. Revolute cup, Peziza repanda

AunfPwWN

TORREYA VoL. 24, PLATE 2

THE FLORA OF THE TOWN OF SOUTH@ED;
LONG ISLAND AND GARDINER’S ISLAND,
: | NEW YORK

STEWART H. BURNHAM AND Roy A. LATHAM
Fourth Supplementary List*
INSECT GALLS

Neuroterus noxiosus Bass.—Leaves of Quercus Prinus at Greenport; determined
by Dr. M. D. Leonard.

Phyllocoptes quadripes Shim.—Leaves of Acer rubrum at Greenport; determined
by Dr. Leonard.

MY XOMYCETES

Badhamia rubiginosa (Chev.) Rost.—Old leaves; determined by Prof. John
Dearness.

Clathroptychium rugulosum (Wallr.) Rost.—Orient on bark of Juniperus vir-
giniana; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Cribraria rufa (Roth) Rost.—Old wood at Southold; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Hemitrichia vesparium (Batsch) Macbr.—Greenport; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Stemonitis splendens Rost.—Rich woods on rotten wood at Greenport; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

BURT MEE AE

Lithothamnion polymorphum (L.) Aresch.—On stones in the Sound at Orient;
determined by Dr. R. W. Miner.

PHYCOMYCETES
Aspergillus candidus Link—Orient on dead plants; determined by Prof.
Dearness.
Peronospora Arthurii Farl—On Oenothera, Southold; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

ASCOMYCETES (excluding PYRENOMYCETES)

Aleuria repanda (Pers.) Gill—Inside woodpecker’s hole of an apple tree at
Greenport; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Ascobolus Crouant Boud.—Old stems of Brussels Sprouts, Brassica oleracea
gemmtifera at Orient; determined by Prof. Dearness.

* The Preliminary flora was published in Torreya 14: 201-225, Nov. 1914
and 229-254, Dec. 1914. The First Supplementary list was published in
Torreya 17: 111-122, July 1917. The Second Supplementary list was
published in Torreya 21: 1-11, Jan.—Feb. 1921 and 28-33, March-April 1921.
The Third Supplementary list was published in Torreya 23: 3-9, Jan.—Feb.
1923 and 25-31, March-April 1923.

Cudoniella marcida (Miill.) Sace.—The note in the Third Supplementary list
was published in Dr. C. G. Lloyd’s Mycol. Notes 68: 1182,
fig. 2387. Jan. 1923.

Helvella elastica Bull.—Earth in dry woods at Mattituck; determined by Dr.
C. G. Lloyd.

Leotia chlorocephala Schw.—Earth in dry woods at Laurel; determined by Dr.
Lloyd and reported in Mycol. Notes 69: 1188. July 1923.

Orbilia vinosa (A. & S.) Karst. Dead twigs ina swamp at Laurel; determined
by Dr. Chas. E. Fairman.

Phialea Aspegrenii (Fr.) Gill.—Old twigs in rich woods at Mattituck; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

Pyrenopeziza subatra (C. & P.) Sace.—On Solidago at Orient; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

PYRENOMYCETES

Caryospora Putamium (Schw.) DeNot.—On peach, Prunus Persica pits at
Orient; determined by Dr. Fairman.

Chaetomium elatum Wuntze—On Quercus velutina at Orient; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Diaporthe Baccharidis (Cke.) Sacc.—On Baccharis halimifolia; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Diaporthe oncostoma (Duby) Fckl.—On Aimelanchier canadensis at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Diatrype asterostoma B. & C.—On Amelanchier at Orient; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Diatrype bullata (Hoffm.) Fr.—On Acer platanoides at Orient; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Diatrype fibritecta C. & E.—Orient on dead branches of Juniperus virginiana
lying on the ground; determined by Prof. Dearness, who says,

“‘a fine thing.”’

Diairype Maclurae E. & E.—On Rhus Toxicodendron, var. radicans at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Erysiphe graminis DC.—On wheat, Triticum aestivum at Orient; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Eutypa ludibunda Sacc.—On Gleditsia triacanthos at Orient; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Eutypella constellata (B. & C.) E. & E..—Greenport on Carya glabra; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Eutypella glandulosa (Cke.) E. & E.—On Ailanthus glandulosa at Mattituck;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul.—The conidial form Sepedonium on Boletus;
determined by Dr. Lloyd and reported in Mycol. Notes 69: 1188.
July 1923.

Hystertum angustatum A. & S.—Orient on twigs of Crataegus Crus-galli; de-
termined by Prof. Dearness.

Hysterographium Mori (Schw.) Rehm, var. Gerardi C. & P.—On Prunus
serotina at Orient; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Hysterographium Putamium (Cke.) Sacc.—On pits of Prunus maritima at
Southold; determined by Dr. Fairman, who says, “a rare
species.”

Lophodermium arundinaceum Chev., var. culmigenum (Fr.) Fckl.—Mostly
Leptostromella hysterioides Sacc. On Triticum aestivum at
Mattituck; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Melanconiella Decoraensis (Ellis) Sacc.—‘“‘ Dead branches of Betula populifolia
Marsh., Orient, Long Island, Roy Latham, March 1919. De-
termined by Dearness.’”’ N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 85.
Issued May 15, 1923.

Metasphaeria defodiens (Ellis) Sacc.—Stems of Juncus dichotomus, Southold;
determined by Prof. Dearness, who says, “‘near this’ species.
“The only record I know for this is Iona, N. J.”

Phyllachora Agrostidis Orton—‘‘On leaves of Agrostis alba. Orient, Long
Island, Roy Latham, no. 610, October 18, 1914. Determined
by Dr. C. R. Orton.” N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: g1.
Issued May 15, 1923.

Phyllachora puncta (Schw.) Orton—“Leaves of Panicum Wrightianum,
Southold, Latham, no. 611, November 4, 1914. Determined
by Dr. C. R. Orton.’’ N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 92.
Issued May 15, 1923.

Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst.—Leaves of Betula populifolia at Greenport;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Physalospora thyoides (C. & E.) Sacc.—On Juniperus virginiana at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Rosellina albolanata E. & E.—On Quercus velutina; determined by Dr. Fairman.

Trematosphaeria pertusa (Pers.) Fckl.—Pits of Burbank plum, Prunus trifolia
x; determined by Dr. Fairman.

Valsa Hoffmanni Nke.—Greenport on Crataegus Crus-galli; determined by
Dr. Fairman.

Valsa leucostoma (Pers.) Fr.—Orient on Malus; determined by Prof. Dear-
ness.

Valsa obtecta C. & E.—On Clethra alnifolia at Laurel; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Xylaria apiculata Cke.—Bark of living oak at Greenport; determined by Dr.
Fairman, who says, ‘‘According to Lloyd. In Rehm Asco-
mycetes, No. 1912, a similar thing is called X. arbuscula Sacc.,
var. biceps Speg.”’

Xylaria brasiliensis (Theiszen)—The note in the Third Supplementary list
was published in Dr. Lloyd’s Mycol. Notes 68: 1175, fig. 2338.
Jan. 1923.

HYPOMYCETES

Alternaria Solani (E. & M.) Jones & Grout—On Solanum tuberosum, common;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Cercospora Symplocarpi Pk.—On Symplocarpus foetidus at Greenport; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

Cercospora varia Pk.—On Viburnum dentatum at Greenport; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Cladosporium epimyces Cke.—On Pleurotus ostreatus at Orient; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Helminthosporium obclavatum Sacc.—Orient on Juniperus virginiana; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

Heterosporium gracile (Wallr.) Sace.—Orient on Jris; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Isaria farinosa (Dicks.) Fr.—On pupa in rich woods at Mattituck. Deter-
mined by Dr. Fairman, who says, “It is probably the var.
prolifero-ramosa of Saccardo, though I have not seen this and
have no record of its finding in this country.”

Ramularia Plantaginis Ell. & Mart.—Orient on Plantago Rugeili; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Septocylindrium aromaticum Sacc.—Southold on Acorus Calamus; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Stilbum erythrocephalum Ditm.—Orient on droppings of chickens; determined
by Dr. Fairman.

Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link—On stems of Akebia quinata at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Tubercularia rosea Schreb.—Illosporiwm roseum (Schreb.) Mart. Orient on
pine wood. Determined by Dr. Lloyd, who says, ‘ Tuber-
culavia rosea from Roy Latham, New York. We name this
only as a guess or rather two guesses. First, that it answers
the ‘description,’ habits, etc., of Dacryomyces roseus as named
by Fries, and second, that Dacryomyces roseus is really a Tuber-
cularia. All these little gelatinous plants were called Dacry-
emyces or Tremella by the old namers who did not examine
them with the microscope. It is a very small rose-colored
tremellaceous cushion growing on a mossy substratum which
fits ‘Dacryomyces roseus.’ That is about all I think anyone
knows about it.”” Reported in Mycol. Notes 69: 1211. July
1923 as “ Note 1180.”

MELANCONIALES

Gloeosporium fructtgenum Berk.—Old fruit of Pyrus communis at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness. A stage of Glomerella cingulata
(Atks.) S. & S.

Myxosporitum subviride E. & E.—Greenport on Betula; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

SPHAEROPSIDEAE

A posphaeria nucicola E. & E.—Orient on nuts of Carya glabra; determined by
Dr. Fairman.

A posphaeria Putamium (Speg.) Sace.—Pits of German prune, Prunus domes-
tica at Orient; determined by Dr. Fairman.

Ascochyta Diantht (A. & S.) Berk.—Orient on Dianthus Armeria; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Ascochyta Philadelphi Sacc. & Speg.—On Philadelphus coronarius, Laurel,
no. 1137; determined by Dr. Fairman, who requested that the

following notes be published. ‘‘Ascochyta Philadelpht Sacc. &
& Speg.? Pycnidia scattered, subepidermal becoming erump-
ent, globose depressed, centrally ostiolate, of delicate pseudo
pycnidial structure, brown or black, about 200y in diam.;
spores numerous, ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, at first con-
tinuous and unconstricted, becoming with age uniseptate and
slightly constricted at the middle, greenish hyaline, 7.5 X
3-5u. On living or languishing stems of Philadelphus sp.
Laurel, N. Y. This is probably the stem form of the above
species. The specimens are in a young condition and show
mostly Phoma-like spores.”

Ascochyta Pisi Lib.—Mattituck on Vicia; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Camarosporium Berkleyanum (Lev.) Sacc.—On Ailanthus glandulosa, Mat-
tituck; determined by Prof. Dearness. Camarosporium sub-
Jenestratum (B. & C.) Sacc. of some botanists.

Dinemasporium hispidulum (Schrad.) Sacc., var. herbarum Cke.—Stems of
Thalictrum revolutum at Orient; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Discosia Artocreas (Tode) Fr. (Discosia faginea Lib.)—Greenport on leaves
of Fagus grandifolia; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Discula Platani (Pk.) Sacc.—Orient on branches of Platanus occidentalis;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Haplosporella Bignoniae (Schw.) Starb.—On Tecoma radicans at Orient; de-
termined by Dr. Fairman.

Haplosforella Dulcamara Dearn. & House—‘‘On dead stems of Solanum
Dulcamara \.., Sandlake, Rensselaer County, Dr. C. H. Peck
(Type), year not indicated. Orient, Long Island, Roy Latham,
1916. ...” N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 75. Issued
May 15, 1923.

Hendersonia Desmaziert Mont.—Orient on Platanus occidentalis; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Leptostroma herbarum (Fr.) Link—Laurel on Dioscorea villosa; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Leptostroma Pinastri Desm.—Needles of Pinus rigida and P. Strobus, through-
out the region; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Phoma glandicola (Desm.) Lev.—On insect galls on Quercus alba at Greenport;
determined by Dr. Fairman.

Phoma Mariae Clinton—Orient on Lonicera japonica; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Phoma subcircinata E. & E.—Pods of Phaseolus lunatus at Cutchogue; deter-
mined by Dr. Fairman.

Phema Syringae B. & C.—Orient on Syringa vulgaris; determined by Prof.
Dearness. ;

Phomopsis depressa (Lev.) Trav.—Orient on Syringa vulgaris; determined by
Dr. Fairman.

Phomopsis epicarpa Sacc.—Pods of Robinia Pseudo-Acacia at Orient; deter-
mined by Dr. Fairman.

Phyllosticta Amaranthi Ell. & Kell.—Laurel on Acnida tubcrculata; determined
by Prof. Dearness, who says that he is ‘“‘not aware that this has
been collected on Acnida before.”

Phyllosticta Lappae Sacc.—Orient on Arctium minus; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Phyllosticta latifoliae E. & FE, —Greenport on Kalmia latifolia; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Phyllosticta Nyssac Cke.—Greenport on Nyssa sylvatica; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Phyllosticta smilacina (Pk.) Dearn.—(Sphaeropsis smilacina Pk.)—On leaves
of Smilax at Southold and Orient; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Septoria carpogena E. & E.—Old fruit of Celtis occidentalis at Mattituck; de-
termined by Dr. Fairman.

Septoria Celtis-gallae Gerard—Old galls on Celtis occidentalis at Mattituck;
determined by Dr. Fairman.

Septoria lepidiicola Ell. & Mart.—On Lepidium at Orient; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Sphaeronema clethrincolum Ell.—Greenport on Clethra alnifolia; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Sphaeropsis Betulae Cke., var. lutea Dearn. & House—On Betula populifolia
at Orient; determined by Prof. Dearness. The variety on dead
branches of Betula lutea is described in N. Y. State Mus. Bull.
243-244: 79. Issued May 15, 1923.

Sphaeropsis Cydoniae C. & E.—Orient on Cydonia japonica; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Sphaeropsis pericarpit Pk.—On nut of Carya glabra at Orient; determined by
Dr. Fairman.

Sphaeropsis Sassafras C. & E.—Orient on Sassafras; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Sphaeropsis simillima Pk.—On Acer rubrum and Acer platanoides at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

USTILAGINACEAE
Ustilago sphaerogena Burr.—Orient on Echinochloa Walteri; determined by Dr.
H. S. Jackson.
PUCCINIACEAE

Aecidium A pocynit Schw.—On A pocynum androsaemifolium at Mattituck; de-
termined by Dr. Jackson.

Cronartium cerebrum (Pk.) Hedge. & Long—Peconic on Pinus rigida; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

Cronartium comptoniae Arth.—Southold on Pinus rigida; determined by Dr.
Jackson.

Earlia speciosa (Fr.) Arth.—Cutchogue on Rosa blanda; determined by Dr.
Jackson. (Phragmidium speciosum (Fr.) Cke.)

Puccinia Andropogonis Schw.—On Chelone glabra at Greenport; determined by
Dr. Jackson.

Puccinia angustata Pk.—On Lycopus virginicus at Greenport; determined by
Dr. Jackson.

Puccinia asperifolii (Pers.) Wettst.—On Secale cereale, common; determined
by Dr. Jackson.

Puccinia Asterum (Schw.) Kern—Orient on Dulichium arundinaceum; deter-
’ mined by Prof. Dearness.

Puccinia Fraxinata (Link) Arth.—On Fraxinus americana at Greenport and
Southold; determined by Dr. Jackson.

Puccinia Hibisciatum (Schw.) Kell.—Orient on Muhlenbergia sylvatica; deter-
mined by Dr. Arthur.

Puccinia Iridis (DC.) Wallr.—Common on Iris versicolor at Orient and Green-
port; determined by Dr. Arthur.

Puccinia pustulatum (Curtis) Arth.—Orient on Andropogon scoparius; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

Uredinopsis nitrabilis (Pk.) Magnus—“‘11, 111, on fronds of Onoclea sensibilis
L., Gardiner’s Island, Roy Latham, August 1919. On fronds of
Lorinseria areolata (L.) Presl., [Woodwardia areolata| at Green-
port, Latham, August 1920. The aecial stage (Peridermium
balsameum Peck) occurs on Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.; a host
tree, not known to occur on Long Island. It has been collected
by Peck on Anchistea virginica (L.) Presl., |[Woodwardia virginica]
at Manor, Long Island.” N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 85.
Issued May 15, 1923.

Uromyces Hedysari-paniculati (Schw.) Farl.—‘‘On leaves of Mezbomia Duil-
lenit (Darl.) Ktze., [Desmodium Dillenii| at Bay View, town of
Southold, Long Island, Roy Latham, August 21.’ (Nzgredo
Hedysari-paniculatt (Schw.) Arth.). N. Y. State Mus. Bull.
243-244: 85. Issued May 15, 1923.

Uromyces seditiosus ern—Laurel on Aristida tuberculosa; determined by Dr.

Jackson who says, “‘new to New York state.’’ Also determined
by Prof. Dearness.
TREMELLACEAE
Tremella lutescens Pers.—Old wood at Orient; determined by Dr. Lloyd.
DACRYOM YCETACEAE

Dacryomyces deliquescens (Bull.) Duby—On Juniperus virginiana at Orient;
determined by Dr. Lloyd. “Note 1181—Dacryomyces deli-
quescens from Roy Latham, New York. This soaks out pale
yellow and is Dacryomyces deliquescens of American mycology.
This collection is the conidial condition and has abundant small
globose, hyaline spores about 4 mic. in diameter and borne in
chains. It has developed since I have been in Europe and
Buller’s second volume has appeared that this is not Dacryomyces
deliquescens of English tradition and of Buller’s book. The
curious oidium spores of the English plant which are first shown
in Buller’s book to be on separate bodies from the basidia
bearing spore bodies are entirely different from these spores. I
do not believe we have the English plant with us, though both
countries apply the name Dacryomyces deliquescens to their
respective plants. In English tradition (started by Berkeley)
this oidium form which is deep orange is called Dacryomyces

stellatus ‘Nees.’ That is a taxonomic mistake, for the Neesian
plant was shown with furcate basidia and it is the common
species of Sweden better called Dacryomyces alietinus"’ Mycol.
Notes 69: 1211. July 1923.

Dacryomyces minor Pk.—The note in the Third Supplementary list was pub-
lished in Mycol. Notes 67: 1161. July 1922, as “ Note 1130.”

Dacryomyces sp.—‘A minute Dacryomyces from Roy Latham, New York.
Mr. Latham sends us decorticate wood, ‘a very minute Tremella-
like plant.’ Mr. Latham has good eyes, for I cannot see it
even with a hand lens, neither dried nor soaked. But a scrap-
ing under the microscope shows a definite little species of
Dacryomyces, typical as to basidia and appearance, but no spores
found. Its color is pale yellow. Iam afraid it is too small to
name, though formidable Latin names are applied to more
minute plants.’’ Reported by Dr. Lloyd in Mycol. Notes 69:
1218. July 1923.

THELEPHORACEAE

Stereum lobatum (Kuntze) Fr.—Stereum versicolor Fr. of the Preliminary list and
Stereum fasciatum Schw. of the First Supplementary list should
be referred to this species.

POLY PORACEAE

Fomes lucidus (Leyss.) Fr.—On Acer rubrum at Greenport; determined by
Dr. Lloyd, and listed in Mycol. Notes 69: 1188. July 1923.

Polyporus circinatus Fr.—Earth in dry woods at Mattituck; listed in Lloyd’s
Mycol. Notes 69: 1188. July 1923.

Polyporus cristatus (Pers.) Fr.—Greenport on Quercus alba; listed in Lloyd’s
Mycol. Notes 67: 1161. July 1922.

Polyporus Spraguet B. & C.—“‘Note 1109. Polyporus Spraguei from Roy
Latham, New York. My first impression was that this was not
Spraguei for I associate a hard, rigid context with the species
and this is rather soft and crumbly. I do not find any other
difference, however, and to eye it is exactly Spraguet.’’ Lloyd's
Mycol. Notes 67: 1161. July 1922.

Polystictus focicola B. & C.—The note in the Third Supplementary list was
published in Mycol. Notes 67: 1164. July 1922, as “Note
ital

Polystictus perennis (L.) Fr.—Greenport. Listed in Lloyd’s Mycol. Notes
69: 1188. July 1923.

Poria flavescens (Schw.) Cke.—Orient on Juniperus virginiana; determined
by Dr. E. A. Burt.

Poria viticola (Schw.) Cke.—Orient on Platanus occidentalis and Greenport on
Lyonia ligustrina; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Trametes protracta Fr.—Gardiner’s Island on log of Pinus rigida; listed in
Lioyd’s Mycol. Notes 69: 1188. July 1923.

Trametes pusilla L.loyd.—The note in the Third Supplementary list was pub-
lished in Mycol. Notes 69: 1207. July 1923, as ‘Note 1148.”

AGARICACEAE

Lenzites. betulina (L.) Fr.—Greenport on Quercus stellata; determined by Dr.
Lloyd who says, “Your specimen is what is called [Lenzites]
flaccida (Bull.) Fr.”

Mycena haematopa Berk.—Coniferous wood at Orient; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Pleurotus approximans Pk.—Orient on Baccharis halimifolia; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Pleurotus niger Schw.—“‘ Note 1179. Pleurctus niger from Roy Latham, New
York. This would have been of much interest to me years ago,
when I was working on agarics. I could never understand why
I never found Pleurotus niger while the similar little Pleurotus
striatulus was so frequent. Pleurotus niger is truly a black
plant with black gills and globose, hyaline 4 mic. spores. The
gill margins have large white cystidia (or crystals perhaps).”’
Lloyd’s Mycol. Notes 69: 1211. July 1923.

Psilocybe uda (Pers.) Fr.—Sphagnum at Greenport; determined. by Prof.
Dearness.

LICHENES

Blastenia ferruginea (Huds.) Arn., var. discolor (Willey), n. comh.—Orient
on Juniperus virginiana, April 25, I910 and January 9, I9I1;
determined by Dr. Bruce Fink. Reported in the Preliminary
list as Lecanora (§ Callopisma) ferrugineum discolor (Willey).
(Placodium ferrugineum discolor Willey).

Ramalina Willeyi Howe—Orient on Juniperus virginiana, October I, 1914;
determined by Dr. R. Heber Howe, Jr.

HEPATICAE
Cephaloziella byssacea (Roth) Warnst.—Laurel; determined by Dr. Geo. H.
Conklin.
MUSCI

Dicranum montanum Hedw.—Base of trees in swamp at Greenport; deter-
mined by Mr. Geo. B. Kaiser.

Eurhynchium rusciforme (Neck.) Milde—Gardiner’s Island, rocks in a wood-
land stream; determined by Mr. Kaiser.

Orthotrichum Schimpert Hamm.—Orient on Robinia Pseudo-Acacia.

Orthotrichum strangulatum Sull., var.—Rock in woods at Gardiner’s Island.

Platygyrium repens (Brid.) B. & S.—Base of trees at Greenport; determined

by Mr. Kaiser.

PTERIDOPHYTA

Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh—Orient Point, September 2, 1910.

SPERMATOPHYTA

Potamogeton foliosus Raf.—In a pond at Mattituck; determined at Bureau of
Plant Industry, Washington.

Potamogeton hybridus Sheld.—In a pond at Southold; determined at Bureau of
Plant Industry.

Festuca Shortii Kunth—The specimen reported in the Third Supplementary
list from wet woods at Mattituck; should be referred to Festuca
nutans Spreng.

Glyceria canadensis (Mx.) Trin.—Swamp at Mattituck; determined by Mrs.
Agnes Chase.

Panicum mattamuskeetense Ashe—Laurel; determined by Mrs. Chase.

Panicum Wrightianum Scribn.—Southold, the host of Phyllachora puncta.
N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 92. Issued May 15, 1923.

Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubbard—Sandy field at Laurel; determined by
Mrs. Chase.

Carex Howet Mackenzie—Greenport in low wet woods; determined at N. Y.
Botanical Garden.

Carex retroflexa Muhl.—Gardiner’s Island in dry woods; determined at N. Y.
Botanical Garden.

Xyris caroliniana Walt.—Sandy swamp at Laurel, August 17, 1923.

Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray—Peconic in low grassy fields; determined
at N. Y. Botanical Garden.

Juglans nigra L.—One large tree in woods at Mattituck.

Chenepodium murale L.—Orient in waste ground; determined at N. Y. Botan-
ical Garden.

Amaranthus caudatus L..—Occasional as a weed in cultivated and waste grounds
at Orient; determined at N. Y. Botanical Garden.

Spergularia canadensis (Pers.) Don—‘ Alsine canadensis (Pers.) House; (Are-
naria canadensis Pers.; Spergularia borealis Robinson)—A species

: of the northern shores of eastern America, which appears to
reach its southern limit of distribution on Shelter Island, op-
posite Greenport, where collected by Dr. C. H. Peck in 1871
(State Herbarium).’”’ N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 57.
Issued May 15, 1923.

Nymphozanthus advena (Ait.) Fernald—Swamp at Laurel, August 16, 1923.

Ranunculus laxicaulis (T. & G.) Darby—Mattituck in a swamp, September I,
1923.

Arabis lyrata L.—Cultivated fields at Orient; determined at Bureau of Plant
Industry.

Potentilla recta L.—Sandy fields at Laurel, July 16, 1923: and Orient, June 20,
1923.

Linum medium (Planch.) Britton—Dry woods at Southold; determined at
Bureau of Plant Industry.

Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel.—Sandy shore of a large pond at Southold,
August 20, 1923.

Cornus Amomum L.—‘‘Border of swamp near Orient. Roy Latham, Sep-
tember 2.’ N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 57. Issued May
15, 1923.

Nymphoides lacunosum (Vent.) Fernald—In a pond at Southold, August 20,
1923.

Echium vugare L.—Laurel in old pastures; determined at N. Y. Botanical
Garden.

Mentha citrina Ehrh.—Greenport in waste places; determined at N. Y.
Botanical Garden. ;

Limosella aquatica L., var. tenuifolia (Wolf.) Pers.—Fishers Island, no. 743.
September 15, 1891. Rev. J. L. Zabriskie.

Jasione montana L..—Sandy fields and roadsides at Laurel, August 17, 1923;
determined at Bureau of Plant Industry.

Artemisia Absinthium L.—Roadsides and waste plates at Greenport; deter-
mined at N. Y. Botanical Garden.

Coreopsis rosea Nutt.—Sandy swamp at Laurel, August 16, 1923.

Eupatorium album L.—Sandy fields at Laurel; determined at Bureau of Plant
Industry.

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet—Rich open woods at Mattituck, July 3,
1923. The plants not quite typical, some of the plants having
leaves little rougher than usual.

Lactuca canadensis L., var. montana Britton—Cutchogue and Orient. Re-
ported in the Secona Supplementary list as Lactuca canadensis,
var. integrifolia (Bigel.) Gray; which included Lactuca canaden-
sis, var. montana Britton and Lactuca sagittifolia Ell. of the
Preliminary list. A revised description of this variety is given
by Dr. H. D. House, in N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 243-244: 58.
Issued May 15, 1923. ‘‘Leaves thin, acuminate, pale beneath,
tapering to a sessile sagittate-clasping base, the lower ones
sparingly sinuate-toothed toward the base, the upper ones all
entire; stem glabrous and glaucous; achenes black, oval, flat-
tened, one-nerved on each face, finely pitted and transversely
wrinkled, the beak about equal to the body of the achene in
length; pappus white; flowers apparently yellow.

“This is doubtless the plant reported by Burnham and
Latham (Torreya 14: 252. 1914) as L. sagititfolia Ell., which is
not uncommon in southern New York. The plants here de-
scribed were collected by Roy Latham, at Cutchogue, town of
Southold, and presented to the state herbarium.”

Xanthium italicum Mor.—Locally common in cultivated and waste grounds
at Greenport; determined at N. Y. Botanical Garden.

This supplementary list brings the total number of species
reported by the authors from the town of Southold to:—Insect
Galls, 95; Slime-molds, 20; Algae, 102; Fungi, 928; Lichens,
127; Hepatics, 32; Mosses, 111; Ferns, 37; Flowering Plants,
1160.

BOOK REVIEW
LINNAEUS*

The present volume, the most complete life of the ‘‘ Father of
Modern Botany” in English, represents the efforts of two men
admirably fitted for the work. The late Professor Fries was
professor of botany at Upsala, had control of the old botanic
garden with Linnaeus’ house, and was the first administrator of
the home at Hammerby after it became the property of the
state. He had access to all the university records of the years
when Linnaeus was a student and professor as well as to all the
correspondence and coliections. In addition he had been an
admirer of his great predecessor since childhood. Dr. Jackson
who has adapted and translated the life is the general secretary
of the Linnean Society of London and has written numerous
articles on Linneaus and his herbarium.

The reader follows the life of the child who was quieted with a
flower when fretful, through the boyhood days and away to
college, travels with him through Lapland and goes down to
Holland to share in the recognition and honor given the young
botanist. Later he returns with him to Sweden and watches
him in his university and home life. The descriptions are
complete and make the reader feel the charm of the man. Fol-
lowing the story of the life of Linnaeus come chapters on his
authorship and correspondence, the benefactors and friends,
his family relations, his scientific importance. The book is con-
siderably condensed from the two volumes by Fries and some
new material has been added. Some stories long current, such
as the quarrel with Rosen, have been investigated and shown
to be largely fables with a slight basis of fact. Regarding the
statement that Linnaeus named stately and beautiful plants
after his friends, insignificant and ugly ones after his enemies,
it is remarked that Linnaeus considered no plants insignificant
or ugly. It is interesting after reading of how many men,
professors in the University, eminent botanists of the time, or
great merchants with a love of plants helped the young student
and gave him opportunity for study and for collecting to see

* Benjamin Dayton Jackson, Linnaeus, The Story of his Life, Adapted
from the Swedish of Theodore Magnus Fries, pp. I-xv, 1-416. H.F.&G.
Wetherby, London, 1923. Price 25s.

how he in turn helped the young men who came to him when he
became a teacher. How he took them into his home, raised
funds for their support or to enable them to travel, how above
all else he inspired them with a love of all phases of nature.
From first to last the impression is made of the vigor of the man
and the amount of detailed work he accomplished.

While the book is in general well written it is marred in places
by crudity of expression, apparently literal translations from the
Swedish. It would have helped in following the travels on the
map if the names in the text and on the map had been spelled
alike. There are reproductions of paintings of Linnaeus at
different periods and of the homes he occupied. The book gives
many facts never before published in English, is as complete as
a biography can well be, but is especially valuable because of
the way in which Linnaeus is made to live for the reader.

G. T. HASTINGS

PROCEEDINGS OF FHE CLUB
MEETING OF NOVEMBER 14, 1923

This meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History. The program of the evening consisted of a lecture by
Mr. Carl Bannwart on “Great Men and their Attitude toward
Trees,’ which was copiously illustrated by beautiful lantern-
slides and was accompanied by many quotations from ancient
and modern literature.

MARSHALL A. HOWE,
Secretary

MEETING OF NOVEMBER 28, 1923

The meeting of November 28 was held at the Museum of
The N. Y. Botanical Garden.

Miss Helen M. Carr, Mt. Vernon, N. Y., was elected to
membership.

The first paper on the scientific program was on “ Viability
of Date Pollen” by Dr. A. B. Stout. The date palm is dioecious
and the practice of growing only a few of the staminate trees
and making artificial pollinations has been in vogue for many
centuries. For use in pollination the Arabs often keep the pollen
for one or more years, sometimes it is alleged, for as much as

fifteen years, and the practice of thus keeping the pollen from
one year to another has been adopted by some of the date-growers
in southern California and Arizona. During a recent residence
in California, Dr. Stout found that in nutrient media freshly
gathered pollen germinated very freely but could secure no
germinations with samples of one-year-old pollen. Pollen col-
lected in February showed some germinations as late as April 28.
Dr. Stout’s paper will be published in the Journal of The New
York Botanical Garden.

The second paper of the program was by Dr. H. A. Gleason
on “A Virgin Hardwood Forest in Northern Michigan.’ Dr.
Gleason gave a general account of the composition of the beech-
maple forest of that region. Besides beech and sugar maple, the
forest also has a small proportion of hemlock, yellow birch,
basswood, and elm. The ground vegetation, which must be
adapted to life in the dim light prevailing beneath the dense
forest canopy, consists chiefly of seedlings of these trees, with a
hundred. or more herbaceous plants and shrubs. A detailed
account of the structure of this forest association will be pub-
lished elsewhere.

Mrs. N. L. Britton exhibited a remarkable fasciated stem of
Ailanthus and some leaves of the laurel, Kalmia latifolia, brought
in by Mrs. George C. Wheeler from a northwestern part of
Manhattan Island, where the shrub apparently still persists in
a natural state.

Dr. A. L. Gundersen spoke of noting on young Phellodendron
trees in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden leaves in alternate whorls
of three instead of the usual opposite arrangement.

MARSHALL A. HOWE,
Secretary

MEETING OF DECEMBER II, 1923

The meeting of the above date was held at the American
Museum of Natural History.

The program consisted of an address by Mr. Norman Taylor
on “The Vegetation of Montauk,” with lantern slide illustrations.
An abstract furnished by the speaker follows:

The lecture dealt, in not much more than outline, with the
region covered by the lecturer’s paper which has been published

as the first part of volume two of the Memoirs of the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden.

After an account of the early condition of the vegetation, as
revealed by the agreements between the Indians and the first
English settlers at Easthampton, considerable mention was
made of the treeless condition of the peninsula, its grasslands,
soils, and peculiar kettlehole topography.

The wind which blows at greater velocities and with greater
annual movement at Montauk than at any other point on the
Atlantic coast, was considered as the chief limiting factor, and
some account of atmometer readings on exposed and sheltered
parts of the area was given. It was shown that where trees do
persist they do not capture grassland to windward, but nearly
always do to leeward, where their growth in diameter is nearly
twice as rapid as in exposed situations.

Actual transpiration figures are lacking, but it was suggested
that further work on this point will be undertaken, with a view
to the growing of selected plants in sealed containers, and
getting hourly figures of water loss, together with instrumental
records of the atmosphere, in all stages of the wind’s velocity.
- This chiefly for the reason that such data are lacking, except for
the experiments of Briggs and Shantz whose work was carried
out under comparatively easy wind conditions, and for those of
Leonard Hill on seedlings in England, where artificially induced
wind of low velocity was tried. With winds of forty, fifty, and
even sixty miles per hour, coupled with the usual midsummer
drought, the effect on transpiration is profound. There are
evidences everywhere at Montauk of this wind action, but in-
strumental proof of it is thus far lacking.

MarsHaLt A. HOWE,
Secretary

MEETING OF JANUARY 8, 1924

The meeting of the above date was held at the American
Museum of Natural History.
The following were elected to membership:
Miss Anna G. Eggerdink, New York.
Mr. Fred C. Metcalfe, Asbury Park, New Jersey.
Two resignations were accepted, those of Mr. H. Nordheim
and Prof. W. C. Twiss, both now removed to California.

The program of the evening was the usual one of the annual
business meeting, consisting chiefly of reports of officers for the
past year and election of officers for the ensuing year.

The Secretary, Dr. M. A. Howe, reported that fifteen regular
meetings of the Club had been held during the year with a total
attendance of 338, an average of about 22.5 persons per meeting.
19 new members were elected in 1923; 8 members were lost, six
by resignation and two by death. The present membership
appears to be 293.

The Treasurer, Miss Mary L. Mann, reported gross receipts
of $4301.91, including a balance of $379.45 brought over from
1922. Disbursements amounted to $3359.38, leaving a cash
balance of $942.53, to which may be added undrawn interest
amounting to $154.36.

The endowment funds total $3536.58, as at the end of the
preceding vear.

The Editor, Prof. A. W. Evans, reported that vol. 50 of the
Bulletin contains 406 pages, exclusive of volume index, and 20
plates.

The Editor of Torreya, Mr. George T. Hastings, reported the
publication of six bimonthly numbers, aggregating 114 pages.

The Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Honorary Custodian of the
Local Herbarium of The N. Y. Botanical Garden, stated that
accessions aggregating about 2,000 sheets of specimens had been
received during the year. These and others are being arranged
geographically by counties and alphabetically.

The chairman of the Field Committee, Mr. A. T. Beals, re-
ported that 35 field meetings were held, with attendances ranging
from 57 to 2, and averaging 12. Among the plants of unusual
interest collected on these expeditions were two orchids, Malaxis
unifolia in the Catskills near Meads and Ophrys cordata at
Bushkill, Pa.

The officers elected for the ensuing year are given on the inside
front cover of this issue.

Votes of thanks for services rendered were extended to the
retiring Editor, Dr. Evans, and to the retiring Secretary, Dr.
Howe.

MARSHALL A. Howe,
Secretary

Fg ne
J , ' > A
hr ys oe te Ms

BA iGeeio ws PL) oi
De Vataeot eet

Li
sl ‘3
cal
P ai
y -
eae
Bul ,
/ ‘ 4))
me
ee é
sj f -
ied a ot
i
oS ar P
:
J }
£ - 5
'
“, | 1
s ‘s
a bax | }
{ pes
‘ '
i
Beet
,
‘he ti
2 ee ‘
“i6
ix. &
7:
hl y* e - LA5
a -
= Tests
Pi '
; ‘ie wee

a a
(iGR.* ‘er va a s

Othe Torrey Botanical Club

Pgangetb tors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the nutnber of TorREYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

Reprints should be ordered, when galley stig is returiied to the editor.

Re rates:

‘The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, , have furnished the following
PNT ha | 4p. Spp: 12pp.| T6pp: 20pp.. 24pp.| ‘abpp. 32pp. 48pp. ean:
Zid SER OUE G aa a ae ee Sa a
ite copies $r. 40 $2.45(93.6518 4.42/98. 5.65] $6. 508 8,00/$ 8.45/$12.55/$15.90
50°" 1 1.65] .2.90), 4.25]. 5-10] 6.65}, 7.75) 9-40, 9.85] 14.15] 17-35
POY hc} th | 1.95] 3.35).4.85| 5.65} 7.60] | 8.75}. 10.45] 11.25} 15:65} 19.95
‘100 2.25). 3.80) 5.35]. 6.35}, 8.25) 9.80}> 11.55) 12.45) 17.55) 22.05
AAG ot 2.70] 4.60) 6.50] 7:60] 10.20| 12.10] 14.20) 15.20] 21.35] 26.80
200,, °* 3.00} 5.05) 7.15] 8-35] 11.40) 13.50] 15.80, 16.85) 23.55| 29.60
R00)". "" 3.85 6.20, 9:20) 10.70) T4. 85] 17.55), 20.50) 21.05} 30.20) 37.40
Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 144c. each.’ Plates: 100 for $1.00 °

a a
_ Finance Committee

- Committees for 1924,
Field Committee

RAIA, HARPER, Chairman. A.T. BEALS, Chairman.

| Andy H. BARNHART

E. P. BICKNELL. ,

\ Mies C. C. Haynes
-SERENO STETSON

Budget Committee
J. A. BARnwart, Chairman.

Miss JEAN BROADHURST
H. M. DENSLOW
G. C. FISHER

_. LUDLOW Griscom

- Miss'E. M. Kuprer

MicHAkEL LEVINE
Miss Datsy Levy
RaAayMOND H: TorRREY
PERCY WILSON

Membership Committee

J. Ka SMALL, Chatrman.

A. Ay Graves, Chairman. W.
LupDLoW GRISscOoM
BAYARD LONG

». Mr.B..G.. BRitron

- ALFRED.GUNDERSEN
_ T. E. Hazen
— M. Av Hows

K.
G,

R. A. HARPER T. E. HAZEN
-N.L. Britton NORMAN: TAYLOR
H. M. DENsSLOW
C. S. GAGER Local Flora Committee
~ M. A. Howe, N. L. Brirron, Chairman.
tl. H. Russy.
We sivo ‘ ans - Phanerogams: Cryptogams:
Cate H BA E. P. BICKNELL Mrs. E. G: Britton
a TSCA MEE aR AOE RS i N. L. Britton A. W. Evans
Program Committee H. M. Denstow. T. E. Hazen

M. A. Howe
MiIcHAEL LEVINE
W: A. MurriLyi
K. Mackenzie F.J. SEAVER

E, NicHOLs

C. FERGUSON

NORMAN TAYLOR

“Chairmen on Special Committees on Local Flora

ah Ferns and Fern Allies: R: C. Benedict

Mosses:' Mrs. E. G. Britton
Liverworts: A.W.Evans |,
. Fresh Water Algae: T. E..Hazen
Marine Algae: M.A. Howe
~Gasteromycetes: G, C. Fisher
Hymenomycetes: W. A, Murrill
Except Russula and Lactarius: Miss G.
S. Burlingham ‘
Cortinarius: R, A. Harper
~ Polyporeae: M. Levine
“Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson
\ Nieto eee F. J. Seaver

Lichens:

Sphaeriaceae; Dothideaceae: H.M.
Richards

Alypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
berineae: F. J: Seaver

Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed

Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B.Stout

Imperfecti; F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
Cook

Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee

Myxomycetes:

Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J]. Broad-
hurst

Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A monthly journal devoted to general botany, established
1870. Vol..49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum.
For Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soho Square,
London, are agents for England.

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memoirs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes I-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
. price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.

A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application. |

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
-dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of |
New York, 1888. Price, $1:00.

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to
MISS MARY LEE MANN

171 Union Street,
Flushing, NY.

Vol. 24 May-June, 1924 No. 3

TORREYA

A’ Bi-MontuLty JouRNAL oF BoTANicAL Norrs AND, N&éws
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873.

CONTENTS
The Man-of-the-Earth or Wild Potato Vine: O. P: MEDSGER..........-. 39
Alpine Plants of Kashmir: Rap R. STEWART. 2). 23) 0 eee ee 41
: A Fossil Celtis from Colombia: EpwArp W. BERRY... ....-0..6.-0-05-. 44
Pune! at Woodstock: WA MurRIDL i. 300 77 i kt oe fens cee 47
‘ Shorter Articles:
Onobrychis onobrychis in the Eastern United States: JoHN K. Smate.. 48
‘Ophioglossum hastatiforme not an Ophioglossum: E. W. Berry...... 49 »
Mriicacen. tne Markets Web MCATER EO Oe ere ae Ne es 50
A Yellow Variation of Eustoma: T. D. A. CocKERELL...2.00.....23 50
Myrica carolinensis, new to Chester County, Pa.: ARTHUR P. KeLLEy.. S51
ware wwew, Combinations: [-C:ARTHURD.. 0. 2s Joe ee ee pe
~ Book Review:
| Illick’s Pennsylvania Trees: O: E. JENNINGS... 200 0202-.2-4.-.20-5. 52

MONIEOUMING LES. N Aey ose Ba Saeco ay Setek anen eae PAE EO a 54

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
AT 8 WeEsT KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

» — Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1924

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D,
C. STUART GAGER, Pu#.D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pa.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
MARY LEE MANN, A.M.
171 Union St., Flushing, N: Y.

Editor
H. M. DENSLOW, Pp.D.

Associate Editors

A. Ff. BLAKESLEE, Pa.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M.

ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D., Pa.D. |. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu,D., Sc:D.

H. A. GLEASON, Pu.D. M. LEVINE, Pu.D.

ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Pa:D.. ARLOW B. STOUT, Pa.D.
Bibliographer

FRED, J. SEAVER, Px.D.

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a vear, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE

WiLb FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

ToORREYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere, :
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postai or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks onNew York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received oniy for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. _Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Miss Mary Lee Mann, 171 Union St., Flushing,
N.Y. )

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS
2567 Sedgwick Ave.
_ New York City.

TORREYA

Vol. 24 No. 3
May-June, 1924

THE MAN-OF-THE-EARTH OR WILD POTATO VINE
OLIVER PERRY MEDSGER

I wonder how many botanists have dug out a root or tried to
dig out a plant of the Man-of-the-Earth or Wild Potato Vine,
Ipomoea pandurata. ‘This vine belongs to the same genus as
the Morning-glory and Sweet Potato, and is often quite common
in old fields and along roadsides. It prefers a light, sandy, or
gravelly soil, and ranges from Connecticut to Ontario and
Michigan, on South to Florida and Texas.

This vine is rather stout and smooth, from four to ten feet
long, with heart-shaped or sometimes halbert or fiddle-shaped
leaves, and large, white funnel-formed flowers with a deep purple
eye.

A few years ago, I undertook to dig out a root of this plant.
A fine large vine was selected, but the root went so deep and the
ground was so hard and dry that after an hour’s work, the task
was given up.

A year or two later, after a season of rainy weather, I again
attempted to satisfy my curiosity and this time with better
success. A good healthy plant was selected, with vines not
more than six or seven feet long and in a situation where digging
would be easy. From the surface of the earth, two root-like
stems extended almost vertically into the ground for about a
foot and then suddenly enlarged into a great fleshy root. The
herbaceous vine dies each autumn, but the root remains in the
ground year after year, the greater part of it being below the
frost-line. Inthe early summer when the effect of the warm rays
of the sun reaches this reservoir of food, a stem is quickly pushed
up through the soil and the plant spreads its leaves and flowers
to the light.

After digging for two hours or longer, I had a conical hole five
- feet in diameter and at least three feet deep, but the end of the

root was not yet reached. I took hold of it to see if 1t would
loosen from the ground and the end broke off, as the illustration
shows, leaving a small part of the root in the ground. The part
shown in the photograph was about two and one-half feet long
and weighed fifteen pounds.

The Bush Morning-glory, /pomoea leptophylla, which grows
on the plains just east of the Rocky Mountains from Nebraska
to Texas, is said to have even a larger root, and that of Ipomoea
Jalapa, a species of the South Atlantic and Gulf Coast, is re-
ported to frequently reach a weight of from forty to fifty pounds.

Like the Sweet Potato, the roots of the Man-of-the-Earth are
brittle and slightly milky when fresh, but unlike the former
plant, there is only one root to the vine. I once saw an old
orchard where the plants were numerous. The hogs running in
the orchard learned that the great fleshy roots were sweet and
edible. In order to get them, the hogs rooted large funnel-
shaped holes often three feet deep. They fairly stood on their
heads to get at the bottom of the roots. The Indians named
this plant the Mecha-meck and without doubt it was a favorite
food among them. They could easily roast the fleshy roots in
the ashes of their camp-fires.

Last September, I found many plants of this species in a
vacant lot at Arlington, New Jersey. They grew among bushes,
which they used as supports and became rather vigorous climbers,
sometimes nearly covering shrubs five or six feet high. I dug
out one of the roots. It weighed only a few pounds, but went
more than three feet deep. Next season I want to try the edible
qualities of the roots.

The large white blossoms of this plant remain open through
most of the forenoon and in cloudy weather, they often do not
wilt until late in the day. The large hawk moths come to the
blossoms in the evening and at night, but during the day they
are visited by several species of bees. Prof. Robertson says it
depends chiefly upon two species of bees for pollination—Eutech-
nia taurea and Xenoglossa tpomoeae. I have also found bumble
bees visiting the blossoms and a long-tongued burrowing bee
known to insect men as Emphor bombiformis. The geographical
range of this plant is probably much wider than that of most of
the insects that visit the blossoms, therefore the insects that
seek the flowers in Texas would probably not be the same
species as those that come to it in Southern New England.

I am convinced that plants of the Man-of-the-Earth get very
old. On my father’s farm in Southwestern Pennsylvania, a few
plants grew in a field (the root shown above was from that
group). For eighty years, the land was cultivated, alternating
in corn, oats, wheat, and grass. When in sod, which was for
only two or three years at a time, the plants would grow and
bloom, but were not often seen when the cultivated crops were
growing. The number of plants did not seem to increase or
decrease as the years went by. Another plant grew on a bank by
the roadside where year after year it came up and bloomed. It
was there when I was a boy, and apparently the same plant,
for there was but one, decorated the roadside the last time I
went by the place. I would not be surprised if plants of this
species sometimes live and bloom for half a century.

Explanation of plate III

Blossoms of Wild Potato Vine, Ipomoea pandurata. Photograph by O. P.
Medsger.

Root of Wild Potato Vine (resembles a petrified dog). Photograph by O.
P. Medsger.

LincoLn HiGH SCHOOL,

JeRsEY City, NEw JERSEY.

NEPINE sPEANTS: OF KASH MIR®=

RateH R. STEWART

Kashmir ts an Indian State in the North West Himalayas. It
is all mountainous with the exception of the famous Vale of
Kashmir, at an elevation of 5,500 feet, which may now be
reached by a good motor road from Rawalpindi in the Punjab.
During the past twelve years I have spent parts of seven summers
collecting in Kashmir and am now working over the material
in The New York Botanical Garden.

The same four main zones that Rydberg found in the Rocky
Mountains are to be found in Kashmir. The foothill zone is
arid and the commonest tree is Pinus longifolia. In the lowest
foothills there is a thorny scrub jungle with such trees as Acacia,
Bauhinia and Pistachia and at the upper limit of the zone oaks
are very common.

* Abstract of a talk before the Torrey Botanical Club, January 30, 1924.

TORREYA VOL. 24, PLATE 3

In the second or montane zone, Pinus excelsa is most common
and in this region, especially in the deeper and better soils there
are many deciduous hard woods such as Acer, Fraxinus, Rhus,
Juglans, Pyrus Prunus, Celtis, Ulmus and Salix. This zone
extends roughly from 6,000 to 9,000 feet. The most valuable
tree is Cedrus deodara, closely related to the Cedar of Lebanon.

The sub-alpine zone extends to about 12,000 feet and the
most abundant tree is the Himalayan fir, Abies Pindrow. Asso-
ciated with the fir and replacing it toward the tree line is the
white birch, Betula utilis. The three Kashmir rhododendrons,
the alpine junipers and willows are found near and above the
birches.

It is hard to give figures for the altitude of the alpine zone. In
sheltered places the snow lies longer at 9,000 than it does at
12,000 feet elsewhere and so alpine plants are commonly found
from 9,000 feet to the line of permanent snow which is between
14,000 and 15,000 feet on the Indian side of the Himalayas, and
much higher on the Tibetan side.

I have keen specially interested in the alpine and sub-alpine
zones about the camping ground of Sonamarg in the Scinde
Valley. The camping site is at 9,000 feet and the mountains are
from 14,000 to 15,000 feet. There are a number of small glaciers
and there is a good deal of permanent snow.

Within five or six miles of camp I have gathered over 550
plants including ferns and flowering plants. The commonest
orders and genera are familiar to botanists in the north temperate
zone. The following have the most species:

Ferns 28 Grasses 36
Sedges and Juncus 23 Buttercups 28
Crucifers 18 Caryophyllaceae 22
Peas 22 Rosaceae 35
Sedums, Saxifrages 17 Umbelliferae 19
Compositae 63 Primulas 5.
Gentians 03 Borages 10
Scrophulariaceae 20 Labiatae 23
Polygonaceae 16 Conifers 7
Orchids 9 Liliaceae a

The following genera are the commonest and have ten or more
species in the area under review: Carex, Potentilla and Poly-

gonum. The following have five or more species: Asplenium,
Poa, Juncus, Anemone, Corydalis, Viola, Stellaria, Astragalus,
Cotoneaster, Saxifraga, Sedum, Lonicera, Valeriana, Artemisia,
Senecio, Saussurea, Primula, Androsace, Gentiana, Veronica,
Pedicularis, Nepeta, Salix and Allium.

One of the most interesting plants is Arceuthobium minutis-
simum, a tiny parasite belonging to the Loranthaceae which is
able to kill pine trees. The most striking flower is the blue
poppy, a Meconopsis. Megacarpea polyandra is a curious cru-
cifer with many stamens. The edelweiss, Leontopodium al-
pinum, is abundant. Primula reptans is so small that the flower
is taller than the whole plant and is much larger than the leaves.

A number of our common introduced American weeds are
apparently indigenous, including mullein, yarrow, Capsella,
Poa sp., Dactylis glomerata, fireweed, Galium aparine, Galinsoga,
Plantago sp., Brunella and Leonurus.

NEW YorRK CIty.

A FOSSIL CELTIS FROM COLOMBIA

EDWARD W. BERRY

I am indebted to Dr. W. P. Woodring for the characteristic
fossil fruit of an Eocene species of Celtis which is described in
the following note. The specimen is of especial interest, not
only because it represents the first fossil species of this genus,
which is so abundant in the existing flora of South America,
that has been found on that continent, but also because, unlike
so many similar plant fossils that have come into my hands from
South America, the geological age of the material is definitely
known. I owe the specimen to the courtesy of the Tropical Oil
Company.

The specimen upon which the present species is based was
collected by A. Iddings and R. L. Beckelhymer on the east side
of a hill one mile west of Pijaquay, on the trail passing directly
over the hill to Don Gabriel, in the Department of Bolivar,
Colombia. It came from marine fossiliferous deposits deter-
mined by Dr. Woodring, to be of middle Eocene age, that is,
about the same age as the Claiborne group of our Gulf Coastal
Plain, the Green River formation of the western Interior (Wy-

oming), and the Lutetian or Auversian stages of the standard
European Eocene section.

The present species can be exactly matched by the fruits of
several existing species of this large genus, but its great age is
undoubted proof that it represents a distinct and extinct botan-
ical species, and it is therefore described as such. It may be
called Celtis bolivarensis in allusion to the Department of
Colombia where these Eocene deposits occur, which name in
turn commemorates the great South American liberator.

CELTIS BOLIVARENSIS Berry, n. sp.

FIGs. I, 2

The species may be somewhat incompletely characterized as
follows:

Stone of a drupaceous fruit, of relatively small size, nearly
spherical in form, shortly acuminate tipped distad. Polar
diameter slightly longer than the equatorial diameter. Di-
mensions: Length 5.5 mm., equatorial diameter 4 mm. in one
direction and 5 mm. at right angles to the minimum diameter,
the difference being probably due to a slight amount of deforma-
tion during or subsequent to fossilization. There are four equally
spaced smooth and slightly angular longitudinal areas dividing
the stone into quadrants, and uniting to form the acuminate tip
and the slight prominence at the chalazal pole. The surface of
each quadrant is conspicuously pitted, though scarcely meriting
the term rugose, by about twenty well distributed rounded de-
pressions or pits. These vary somewhat in size and outline, and
are separated by rounded ridges, which, however, do not pro-
ject above the general surface of the stone.

1 2

Celtis Lolivarensis Berry, n. sp. X 2 from the middle Eocene of Colombia.

-It may well be doubted if, in most cases, species of Celtis can
be distinguished by means of the characters of the stones. This
can be done in the case of some of the existing species, but is
impossible in the case of others. The present species of Celtis
is associated with a leguminous seed which it has not yet been
possible to identify.

The genus Celtis is a most interesting member of the family
Ulmaceae, in fact the whole family bristles with problems of
distribution and geologic history, and none of the genera surpass
Celtis in this respect. As currently understood Celtis includes
about eighteen fossil species ranging in age from Eocene to
Pleistocene. The Eocene species are four in number and all are
American. The Oligocene species are also four in number and
are North American and south European. The rather numerous
Miocene species are found in Europe and in North and South
America. The Pliocene species are European and Asiatic. The
Pleistocene species known to date are all North American and
represent the section Euceltis of Planchon.

The living species of Celtis number about 90 and are widely
distributed and usually divided into four sections or sub-genera,
namely: Euceltis, Sponioceltis, Solenostigma, and Momisia,
which are sometimes considered and are probably entitled to
genericrank. The present fossil species belongs to the sub-genus
Momisia of Dumortier, which has about 25 existing species
ranging from Texas to the Argentine, and with the genera Am-
pelocera, Trema, being especially characteristic of the warmer
parts of South America. Momisia appears to have invaded the
southern United States from equatorial America along with the
fossil flora that characterizes the middle and upper Eocene in
that region. |

In view of the impossibility of making fine discriminations
from the fruits alone, the present fossil species is referred to
Celtis, using that term in the wider sense. The majority of the
existing species are mesophvtic types of humid regions, but
several of the forms, notably Celtis occidentalis Linn., in our
western states, and Celtis tala in the northern Argentine, survive
very adverse conditions and aridity.

JoHNns Hopkins UNIVERSITY,

BALTIMORE, Mb.

FUNGI AT WOODSTOCK, NEW YORK
W. A. MurriLyu

Dr. John A. Kingsbury, formerly Commissioner of Charities
of New York, invited me to spend Labor Day with him and his
family at their summer home in Woodstock, where so many
artists live and where the woods are just now beginning to show
their annual crop of mushrooms.

Leaving the train at Rhinecliff and crossing by ferry to
Kingston, I found Dr. Kingsbury waiting for me with his car
shortly after ten o’clock Sunday night, and we drove to Wood-
stock in about forty minutes. Monday was a very full day for
mushroom enthusiasts and other nature-lovers. A number of us
explored the woods in a body and found over a hundred species,
most of them fleshy and harmless. The Kingsbury children are
exceedingly expert and it was delightful to hear their innocent
tongues twisting so sweetly and confidently about such jaw-
breaking names as “Polyporus sulphureus,”’ ‘‘ Hydnum repan-
dum,” ‘‘Hypholoma perplexum,” ‘Amanita phalloides,” ‘ Clito-
cybe illudens,” “ Fistulina hepatica,’ and many others with which
they were perfectly familiar.

The display of these specimens on tables in a huge room, set
off with backgrounds of mosses and ferns was left to the artists,
who did their part remarkably well. Dinner was served to
about forty people in this same room, and was followed by an
address by me on edible and poisonous mushrooms, illustrated
with the freshly gathered specimens. A few general remarks
were first made on the subject of fungi and references made to
the chestnut canker, apple rust, black knot of plum, blister rust
of white pine, wheat rust, oat smut, etc.

The principal edikle and poisonous groups of fungi were then
discussed and suggestions made as to how to distinguish them.
Attention was called particularly to the two most deadly species,
Amanita phalloides, or the “destroying angel,’ and Amanita
muscaria, the ‘‘fly agaric,’’ which are accountable for most of
the fatalities connected with mushroom eating. The puffballs,
coral-fungi, and certain other groups were shown to be entirely
harmless, easily recognizable,and valuable additions to our menu.

It happened that four giant puffballs were growing at the time
in Dr. Kingsburys’ yard, a few feet from where we were gathered.

These were examined with great care and interest and their
history detailed to us by Dr. Kingsbury, who had cut off sundry
slices from their expansive tops. At the close of the address,
Dr. Kingsbury also staged a very effective dénouement by
turning out all the artificial lights and allowing several clusters
of Cuitocybe illudens suspended above us to shine forth in their
weird, ghost-like glory. This brilliant orange fungus has the
power of phosphorescence and I have succeeded in reading a
newspaper with the help of its light.

On Tuesday, I drove with Dr. Kingsbury and his family about
fifty miles westward to Yama Farms, where we had luncheon and
spent some time hunting for fungi about Jenny Brook, where
the trout are bred. Here we found a number of additional
interesting forms to add to those already secured at Woodstock,
among them a beautiful yellow Amanita named in honor of
Charles Frost, the shoemaker botanist. We also found a “fairy
ring”’ thirty feet in diameter containing scores of gemmed puff-
balls of unusual size. In the Middle West, the giant puffball
sometimes grows in giant “fairy rings’’!

NEW YorK BOTANICAL GARDEN,

NEw York CIty.

SHORTER “ARTICLES

ONOBRYCHIS ONOBRYCHIS (L.) RYDB. IN THE EASTERN UNITED
STATES.—This Eurasian plant was collected at Fort Howard,
Wisconsin, as early as June 15, 1882. How it was introduced
there seems not to have been recorded. In the meantime it
became an important fodder-plant in the Rocky Mountain
region. Its widespread use as a fodder plant resulted in its
prompt naturalization in the vicinity where it was cultivated.
Thus it was scattered through the Rocky Mountain States, and
it has been found in British Columbia. Within the past decade-
it has been found along railroads in Missouri. More recently
wild plants have been collected in New York. Specimens came:
to The New York Botanical Garden last year from Dr. Anna E..
Perkins with a note to the effect that they were gathered in
Gowanda, New York, June Ist, 1922. The colony was first.
discovered by Dorothy Raymond, a school girl of Gowanda in
1919. The plants originated from the seeds brought to Gowanda.
in imported hides.

Its popular names are Sanfoin, cock’s-head, hen’s-bill. Other
botanical names by which this plant is sometimes known are
Onobrychis viciaefolia and O. sativa Lam.

Joun K. SMALL.

OPHIOGLOSSUM HASTATIFORME CKL., NOT
AN OPHIOGLOSSUM

It is with sincere regret that I am constrained to call attention
to a note in the January-February number of Torreya by my
friend Professor Cockerell entitled ‘‘A Genuine Fossil Ophio-
glossum,’’* and to point out that the fossil in question is not
only not an Ophioglossum but not even a new species of fern.

My especial interest in the question comes about in the fol-
lowing manner: Mr. N. H. Brown of Landor, Wyoming, has been
coéperating with me for the past two years in collecting fossil
plants from the Wind River Basin in that state. Last summer
he discovered two specimens of this alleged Ophioglossum, and,
under the impression that they were insect remains he forwarded
them to a friend in Colorado, from whom they reached the hands
of Professor Cockerell, and the cited paper in Torreya was the
result.

When Mr. Brown learned this he was stimulated to renewed
search at the Tipperary locality, and a few weeks ago he sent me
about a dozen specimens of this plant, some of which are in an
excellent state of preservation. The supposed Ophioglossum is
none other than Danaea coloradensis Knowlton,{} the type of
which came from the Green River oil shale, about 40 miles south-
west of Meeker, Colorado.

The described spike is not a spike, nor is it hastate in form,
‘and the sporangia are clearly synangia, as their form should have
suggested. I have compared the Wind River specimens with
Knowlton’s type from the Green River, and both he and I agree
that the two occurrences represent the same species, and that it
is not an Ophioglossum, and this is corroborated by Mr. W. R.
Maxon, our well-known authority on ferns, who most emphatic-
ally supports its reference to the genus Danaea.

* Cockerell, T. D. A., Torreya, 24: 10-11. 1924.

+ Knowlton, F. H., U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 131: 150, pl. 36, fig. 4,
1923.

The Wind River specimens of Danaea coloradensis in my hands
are more numerous and better preserved than either Knowlton’s
type, or the material in the Museum of the University of Colo-
rado, and will be fully described in an account of the associated
flora of about 35 species upon which I have been working for
some time.

The beds are stratigraphically above the true Wind River
formation and are middle Eocene in age, being obviously the
same age as the Green River flora. Whether, with their dif-
fering lithology they should be called Green River or referred
to the Bridger has not yet been decided.

EDWARD W. BERRY.

TRILISA ON THE MARKET

I am sure it will be of interest to most botanists as it was to
the writer to learn that rather large quantities of the basal !eaves
of Trilisa are gathered, dried, and sold for incorporation into
smoking tobaccos. In the section of Georgia where I learned
about the matter the plant is called deer-tongue, and I am in-
formed by Mr. R. K. Hopkins, general merchant of Meridian,
who certainly knows whereof he speaks, that while in some years
the quantity would not exceed five or ten tons, in others very
much more, possibly one hundred tons are gathered and shipped
from Liberty, McIntosh, and Glynn Counties, Georgia. Whether
both of the species, paniculata and odoratissima are collected, I
am unable to say, but probably they are. Samples of the dried
leaves obtained seemed to be the latter species. They retained
their strong coumarin (vanilla) odor undiminished for the three
months they were in my possession.

W.. L. McAger

A YELLOW VARIATION OF EUSTOMA (GENTIANACEAE)

] am much indebted to Mr. E. Bethel for the loan of a sheet of
Eustoma russellianum (Hook) Griseb., belonging to the State
Museum, including specimens of a remarkable new form (f,
flaviflorum nov.) with clear yellow flowers. This variety was
found by Mrs. S. B. Walker along with ordinary blue forms from

near Denver, Colorado, in 1914. It is of more than usual in-
terest, because the type of Gentiana (Gentiana lutea L.) has
yellow flowers, and the same is true of the Asiatic G. oihophora
French, and of certain species of Centaureum. The yellow is
evidently due to a soluble flavone. I examined a fragment of
one of the petals under the microscope and it gave the char-
acteristic light yellow reaction with potassium hydroxide. The
variety or form of FE. russelianum with white flowers (f, albi-
florum) has long been known. The Denver plant belongs to the
segregate called E. andrewsit A. Nels., but it seems to be the
same as EL. russellianum, as Rydberg indicates, although he
wrongly credits the latter name to Linnaeus.
Ty D. A... COCKERELL,

MyricA CAROLINENSIS, NEW TO CHESTER COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA

While studying the flora of a portion of Chester County,
Pennsylvania, in an ecological investigation reported elsewhere,
the writer discovered a fine specimen of bayberry (Myrica
carolinensis Mill) growing on the South Valley Hill near Paoli.
The plant is staminate, almost two meters in height, and of
healthy growth. No other bush of the same kind is near. The
plant is growing at the edge of woods on the cleared brow of a
shoulder of the hill, somewhat protected from the full sweep
of winds by part of the shoulder. The soil is dry and sterile
(Manor stony loam) of mediacid reaction (pH 6.2 to 6.4).

Myrica is not recorded by Darlington* in Flora Cestrica;
Porter} records the species M. carolinensis from the adjoining
county of Lancaster.

A branch from the plant has been placed in the herbarium of
the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.

ARTHUR P. KELLEY.

* Darlington, W., 1837, Flora Cestrica.
+ Porter, T. C., 1903, Flora of Pennsylvania.

New COMBINATIONS

In order to make the treatment of hosts uniform in the seventh
volume of the North American Flora it is necessary to propose
a new combination for Euphorbia macropodoides Rob. & Greenm.
(Amer. Jour. Sci. III. 50: 164. 1895). It isa Mexican plant, and
on a collection of it made by Pringle in the mountains above
Cuernavaca, August 4, 1896, has been found Nigredo proéminens.
Collections of this Euphorbiaceous rust have previously been _
reported on three other species of Euphorbia under the segregate
name of Zygophyllidium. For the sake of uniformity the present
species of host is here transferred to that genus as Zygophyl-
lidium macropodoides (Rob. & Greenm.) comb. nov.

In establishing the genus Commelinantia in the Bulletin of the
Torrey Botanical Club (49: 269-275. 1922) Professor B. C. Tharp
suggested that in addition to the type species a Mexican plant
should be included. A year ago he made a trip to Monterey,
Mexico, and secured herbarium material and also living plants,
which have since been under observation at Austin, Texas. Ina
recent letter he writes: “I think there can be no doubt as to its
being a valid species, which may ke properly included in the
genus Commelinantia.”’ As he has sent me a rust obtained at
Monterey labelled with the suggested combination, I take this
opportunity to place the name on record, as follows: Comme-
linantia Pringlei (S. Wats.) Tharp comb. nov. (Tradescantia
Pringle: S. Wats. Trans. Am. Acad. 26: 157. 1891).

Jj. C. Aria:

PURDUE UNIVERSITY,

LAFAYETTE, IND.

BOOK REVIEW
PENNSYLVANIA TREES—ILLICK*

The fourth edition of Illick’s “Trees of Pennsylvania’ ap-
peared from the press in March, 1924,* the third edition (1919)
having been out of print for some time. The present edition is
a book of 237 pages including 119 full-page line-drawing plates
illustrative of the trees described on the pages facing them. The

*[llick, Joseph S., Pennsylvania Trees, Penn. Dept. Forestry Bull. 11,
4th edition, 1924, May, 1923, Harrisburg.

frontispiece plate shows ‘‘ The Father of Pennsylvania Forestry ,”’
the late J. T. Rothrock standing beside another veteran, a mag-
nificent old tree. Nine other plates give details of structure
and form of leaves, buds, flowers, fruits, etc., while 126 half-tone
figures illustrate forestry, conservation, fire destruction and fire-
protection, trees, and tree-trunks. In general the typography
is good and the proof-reading well done. It is unfortunate tha,
better paper was not used for the half-tone figures; in this
respect the third edition was far superior. However, as a whole,
this book is without a peer as a convenient comprehensive
handbook of the trees of a limited region, such as the State of
Pennsylvania.

In Part I, pp. 1-57, the author has presented for the layman,
the student of trees, and the beginner in forestry, an excellent
little text on the general subject of trees and forestry in Penn-
sylvania. In this part of the book considerable improvemeut
has been effected over the third edition. There has been added,
pp. 17-20, a discussion of ‘‘Forest Types in Pennsylvania,” in
which it is stated that the following nine major forest types itay
be found in the State: Spruce-Fir (Northern Swamp type);
Beech—Birch—Maple (Mixed Northern Hardwood) ; White Pine—
Hemlock; Aspen—Fire Cherry; Chestnut—Rock Oak—Pitch Pine;
Scrub Oak; Oak—-Hickory; River Birch-Swamp Maple (River
and Swamp Hardwood); Sweet Gum—Willow Oak. The re-
viewer prefers to separate the Pitch Pine type from the Chestnut—
Rock Oak type. The Pitch Pine type seems to be more of a
pioneer type succeeded under slightly more favorable conditions
by the Chestnut—Rock Oak type.

Under “‘ Historic Trees of Pennsylvania” an interesting account
is given of the descendants of the famous Penn Treaty Elm.
Other historic trees are the White Oak Witness Tree and the
Lafayette Sycamore. The discussions of ‘‘When Trees Grow”
and ‘‘Do Trees Grow at Night?’’ present the results of some of
the author’s original work showing that about 90% of the height
srowth of Pennsylvania's trees is made in less than forty days of
spring and early summer and that most of this growth occurs
late at night.

Part II is a Manual of Pennsylvania Trees, with keys, de-
scriptions, and illustrations. Most of the trees treated are
native, but some, such as the Scotch Pine and the Norway

Spruce, are included because of their rather extensive occurrence
in forest or other plantations. Illick tabulates 186 as the number
of native trees in the State, with 29 other species introduced.
A number of the less common or less important species are passed
over with but brief mention. Only two hawthorns (Crataegus
Crus-galli and C. coccinea) are described, admittedly no attempt
being made to include the various other 30 hawthorns which
some botanists would claim as arborescent species in the western
half of the State. | For general purposes, such as IIlick’s “‘ Trees
of Pennsylvania”’ is meant to serve, it is probably best not to
include more until the status of these forms of Crataegus is better
known. The reviewer has evidence of Pinus rigida northwesterly
up to a line from Beaver to Warren counties, approximately the
line of the terminal moraine, and this is probably the north-
western range of the species in Pennsylvania. The Ohio records
also seem to bear out this relation of range to the terminal
glacial moraine. Approximately the same thing holds also for
Pinus virginiana.
O. E. JENNINGS.

NEWS NOTES FROM THE FOREST SERViG@S

Colorado Springs Maintaining a Tree Nursery for Highway
Planting

The advantages of beautiful as well as well-paved highways
is keenly felt by citizens of many localities, and in Colorado
Springs, Colo., the local automobile club is taking a practical
step toward attaining these advantages by a definite program
of tree planting along the highways leading into the city. Ac-
cording to present plans the club will maintain a nursery of its
own, buying seedling stock or tree seed, and raising the stock
until it is of sufficient size to put out along the roads. ~

| The Torrey Botanical Club

H.: Peneye ibutors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
tis E the number of TorREYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

“Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The ‘anaes Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following
rates:

App. Sppi|I2pp.| T6pp-| 20pp-) 24pp.) 28pps) 32pp- ‘48pp. app
25, copies|fr.40 40,$2.45|$3. 53.6518 4.40lf 5:5 $6.50/$ 8,001$ 8.45/$12.55|$15.90

a DD Hite 1,65] 2.90] 4.25] 5-10 65! 7-75| 9-40) 9.85) 14.15] 17.35
Why Lay) ‘| 1.95] 3-35} 4.85} 5.65 79 8.75] 10.45) 11.25} 15.65) 19.95
100, "| | 2.25) 3.80)'5.35| 6.35) 8.25| 9-80] I1.55| 12.45] 17-55] 22.05

st MO At 2.70| 4.60] 6.50] 7.60] 10.20} 12,10] 14.20] 15.20} 21.35] 26.80

» 200 "> 13,00] 5.05} 7.15] 8.35} 11.40] 13.50] 15.80] 16.85) 23.55) 29.60
Hehe \° oR 3.85] 6.20) 9.20] 10.70) 14,85] 17.55] 20.50] 21.05) 30.20) 37.40

i
Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 1%4c. each, Plates: 100 for $1.00

I A RF Committees for 1924,
‘Finance Committee Field Committee

R. A. Harper, Chairman, A.T. BEAts, Chairman.
J. H. BARNHART Miss JEAN BROADHURST
' E. P, BicKNELL H. M. DENsLow
- Miss C. C. HAYNES G. C, FISHER

' SERENO STETSON | Miss E. M, Kuprer
| MiIcHAEL LEVINE
sb Miss. Daisy LEvy
Ie Raymonp H, Torrey
{ PERcY WILSON

Budget Committee Membership Committee
J. H. BARnwart, Chairman. - J. K. SMALL, Chairman.
_ R.A. HARPER T. E. Hazen
’N, L. Brirron NORMAN TAYLOR
H. M. DENsLow
.C. S, GAGER Local Flora Committee
| M. ie Ais ABN OF BRITTON, Chairman.
x Phanerogams: Cryptogams:
INS ted, E. P. BICKNELL Mrs. E. G. Britton
plot mt SES HR N. L. BrirTon A. W. Evans
Program Committee H.M.Denstow 1. E: Hazen
A. HH, \GRrAvEs, Chairman. W. C. Ferguson M.A: Howe
\ Mrs. E. G. Britton LupLow Griscom MiIcHAEL LEVINE
» ALFRED GUNDERSEN - Bayarp Lone W. A. MurRILL
TE. Hazen ay K. K. Mackenzie. F. J. SEAVER

M.A: Howe G. E, NICHOLS
, NORMAN TAYLOR

‘Ghairmen on Special Committees on Local Flora
Pe erns and Fern Allies: R.C. Benedict — Lichens:

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.
Liverworts: A. W. Evans? Richards
Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
Marine Algae: M. A. Howe berineae: F. J. Seaver
-Gasteromycetes: G. C. Fisher Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed
Hymenomycetes: W,. A. Murrill Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout
Except Russula and Lactarius: Miss G: Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
-$.Burlingham Cook
Cortinarius: R. A. Harper Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee
Polyporeae: M. Levine Myxomycetes:
Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson: Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

’ Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver hurst
: Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A monthly journal devoted to general botany, established
1870. Vol..49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of -
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum.
For Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soho ss iste
London, are agents for England.

Of former volumes, 24-47 can be supplied separately
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers has been
reserved for the completion of sets.. Single copies (40 —
cents) will be furnished only when not breaking compile
' volumes.

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memoirs, established 1889, are published at irregu- _
lar intervals. Volumes 1-17 are now completed: The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918, ©
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application.

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00.

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to

- MISS MARY LEE MANN
171 Union Street,
ts Flushing, N. Y.

“Vol. 24 — July-August, 1924 No. 4

~ TORREYA

_ A Bi-MontHty JournaL or BoranicaL Nores AND News
EDITED FOR
aah THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

‘GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS
Swamp and Bog Plants: Iris versicolor, FRANK C. GATES AND ELsIE ERICKSON 55

Johann David Schopff, A Pioneer of American Botanical Exploration, ADOLPH

. POR PIR GA A IEA Gt aL Sake! Mel cfc Baal c SAT SUNY eure SOE Salt yahe tle dear 57

Book Review:

Kellogg’s ‘“Lumber and Its Uses,” G. T. HASTINGS............... 58
mutengceedinrs ror the Chibi ie Sorts fi Se URN ole REO Se ibe gw We RPE ed aie 59

EEE DTNER GSC Pe ON sea eb eas a CER ON WAT PA Sis 69

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLuB
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, PA.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB.

OFFICERS FOR 1924

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, Pa.D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR H.-GRAVES, Ps.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC. GARDEN

Treasurer
MARY LEE MANN, A:M.
171 Union St., Flushing, N. Y.
Editor
H. M. DENSLOW, Pp.D.

Associate Editors

Ao Py BEAIKESLEE, Pa. D. GEORGE T..HASTINGS, A.M.

ALEX.-W. EVANS, M.D., Pa.D: MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pa.D., Sce-B.

H. A. GLEASON, PH.D: M.- LEVINE, 'Pu.D.

ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Psa.D. ARLOW B. STOUT, Pu.D.
Bibliographer.

PRED.) SHOANV POR. PHT).

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Scleitees /
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club, There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a year, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its siey Haigh

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE

WiLbD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorreEYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada fot
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent.thereof. Postai or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks onNew York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local.checks that may be ~
sent. Subscriptions are received onty for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLuB, 8 West.
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Miss Mary Lee Mann, 171 Union St., Flushing,
N.Y.
Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

6 1924

™N

cS
oe |
<Z

LIBKAKT
NEW YOR

TORREYA BOTANICAL
Vol. 24 er
July-August, 1924

SWAMP AND BOG PLANTS: JRIS VERSICOLOR L.
FRANK C. GATES* AND ELstIgE E. ERICKSON

The differentiation between bogs and swamps has been of
considerable interest in the past and it can not be considered as
solved at the present time. Possibly there never will be any
conclusion beyond stating that swamps and bogs form ends of a
linear series, intergrading freely. In his studies in bogs and
swamps, the senior author has endeavored to find different plants
which grow under both conditions to see whether any structural
differences are discernible. One such plant is Iris versicolor L.

Iris versicolor is a rather common swamp plant in Northern
Michigan, but it also grows in bogs, although sparingly. It is
best developed in swampy places just back of the shores of lakes
where protection is afforded from wind, waves, ice and sand.
The plant is a perennial herb, with a thickened, somewhat
branched subterranean stem growing 2.5 to IO to 25 cm. or more
below the surface of the soil and bearing a few leaves and a
flowering stalk at the tips. The roots extend outwards and
downwards from the rootstocks. The leaves are flat, sword-
shaped, light-green, parallel-veined and smooth. They are held
in a vertical position by their sheathing bases. The flowers of
Iris are too well known to need description here. The fruit is
a long, more or less triangular, three lobed, stout-beaked, many-
seeded capsule.

The following study was made under the senior author's
direction at the University of Michigan Biological Station or
Douglas Lake, Cheboygan County, Michigan, during the surn:
mers of 1922 and 1923 by Miss Elsie E. Erickson. The aim was
to discover, if possible, some way of telling whether a given
plant of Iris had grown in a bog or in a swamp. In each of
several different areas in the region, investigation was made of
the growth structures of the plant, after which typical individuals
were brought into the laboratory, sectioned and studied.

* A contribution from the Biological Station of the University of Michigan
and from the Botanical Laboratory of Kansas State Agricultural College

No. 195.
55

The study in the field brought out a number of points of in-
terest, but failed to reveal any sufficiently conspicuous differences
between the swamp and bog plants. The form of the rhizomes
and roots seemed to be essentially identical, whether the plants ©
were growing in sandy or loamy swamps, or in the muck of bogs.
The conditions which caused death of the rhizomes, viz., too
great a piling up of sand or debris above them, obtained in both
cases. Within limits, the Iris rhizome can adjust itself to
changes in the soil level by growing up or down. The limit in
the case of encroaching sand seems to be about 20 to 25 cm.
Excellent examples of this were to be seen in the spring of 1922,
following the unusually heavy icework of the winter of 1921-22
at the head of Burt Lake. Approximately 8 meters of the beach
was shoved in on the swampy area at the head of the lake.
This covered large beds of Iris with about 45 cm. of sand and
killed the plants. Decayed rhizomes were found beneath the
sand where Iris had formerly been abundant.

In general the characteristics of the stems and leaves appeared
to be essentially identical throughout—the modifications which
occurred in the leaves being due primarily to the amount of
shade the plants were receiving. As shade was more frequently
met with in bogs, particularly the higher-shrub bogs, greater
etiolation of the leaves was more frequently met with there.
Similar conditions in swamps however produced the same re-
sults. The only feature of difference was that the leaves from
bog plants averaged a trifle narrower than those from swamps
(1.8 cm. in bogs, 1.9 cm. in swamps). A study of free-hand
sections of the leaves failed to reveal any differentiating char-
acters, but in the rootstock it was found that the epidermal cells
of the plants growing in bogs had very much thicker walls than
those growing in swamps, (19 yu in bogs, 9u. in swamps). In
bogs, fruit was much less abundantly produced and the capsules
that formed were small.

In conclusion, it would appear from this study, that in the
case of Iris versicolor L. in the Douglas Lake, Michigan region,
the visible effects of the bog environment upon this swamp
plant were a slight narrowing of the leaves, a very conspicuous
thickening of the cell walls of the epidermis of the rhizome, and
a reduction both in the amount of fruiting and in the size of the
fruit.

TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF J/1s versicolor

Fieientioie205 swamp plants)... eevee ene ves I1I.5 (75.8) 30.0 cm.

aw REED ON DOPMD LANES, aia 4 <iettinrs) s)- ruse sll viel aia, eee’ 126.5 (82.7) 30.6 cm.

Width of leaves of 239 swamp plants................ Z75¢ 1.9) 078 cil.

ie 3 RCO ORE LAME shrine dieithwi ass a0 ud iat 0 > el i olss)) | On Cini.

Depth of rhizome below surface, 103 swamp plants.... 24.9 (10.7) 2.4 cm.

ne Ree ue ff ae 62 bog plants...... ZOLA (NZ.0) Seytells
Thickness of outer wall of epidermis of 7oswamp plants. 11. (9. ) 8 u.
oo aa us (ae bog plante,..s 20. 0(19).) 17.)

JOHANN DAVID SCHOPFF
A PIONEER OF AMERICAN BOTANICAL EXPLORATION
ApDOLPH TOEPFFER

Johann David Schépff was born on March 8, 1752, in Wun-
siedel, Bavaria. After graduating from the gymnasium at Hof,
he studied medicine at the University of Erlangen, specializing
in botany and zoology.

Early in 1777 he accompanied a regiment of Bavarian soldiers
to America as an army physician. While connected with an
army hospital in New York he was able to make some studies on
the plants of the vicinity, and conceived the plan of writing a
Flora of the State of New York. Recently there has come to
light the incomplete manuscript, entitled “Index Plantarum
Noveboracensium, quarum virtutes medicamentosa partim jamjam
exploratae, partim adhuc explorandae,’’ which describes some 790
species of phanerogams, identifying them with Linnean species
and with the plants described by Cadwallader Colden in 1744.
He also describes briefly various cryptogams lent him by an-
other Hessian surgeon, Dr. von Wangenheim. Among these
were 18 ferns, 28 mosses, 4 hepatics, 37 algae, and 18 fungi.
The plants are all arranged according to the Linnean system,
the descriptions being in Latin.

Among the localities where plants were collected are the fol-
lowing:—Mr. Bayard’s House, Bloomendale, Bokram Mill,
Bowery, Brooklyn, Bunkers Hill, Bushwick, Coldspring, Coler
Ferry, Cuylers Hook, Derkers Ferry, Dennys Ferry, Elliot's
House, Flatbush, Flatlands, Flushing, Flushing Fly, Fort
George, Fort Kuyphausen, Gravesend, Greenwich, Huntington,
Jamaica, Jerico, Jerusalem, Kingsbridge, Laurel Hill, Morris

Hill, Morrisiana, New Utrecht, Philips Manor, Red Hook,
Sandy Hook, Staaten Island, Mr. Stuyvesant’s Lands, Turtle
Bay, Valentine’s Hill, West Chester, Wolferts Hollow, Yellow
Hook, and York Island.

When the truce was signed in 1783 he was discharged from
the army and travelled through Pennsylvania, Maryland and
the Carolinas. After a two month’s rest in Charleston, he
continued his travels to St. Johns and St. Augustine in East
Carolina and thence to the Bahamas, studying the plants and
animals of these regions.

In the fall of 1784 he returned to Europe in a small ship.
In Bayreuth he secured an appointment as court and military
surgeon. In 1787 he published his only botanical work, the
Materia Medica Americana. The following year he published
in two volumes a description of his travels; there were included
many references to the climate, geology, plants and animals and
to social and political conditions in the North American Republic.
In succeeding years he published several small monographs on
zoological topics, the most important being the Natural History
of the Turtles.

It is to be regretted that the Index Plantarum was never fin-
ished. Numerous notes in ink and pencil on the manuscript
show that Schépff worked over it during later years, probably
intending to publish it.

Municu, BAVARIA.

BOOK REVIEW

LUMBER AND ITs UsEs*

The book describes briefly the structure of woods, illustrating
the main types with photographs of microscopic sections. The
physical properties of woods are given, with tables of the specific
gravities, strength, elasticity, hardness, etc., of the important
woods. Other chapters are devoted to lumber grades, standards
of size, structural timbers, shipping, seasoning, and preserving
woods. The chapter on paints and wood finishes are complete
enough to enable the home builder to know what should be speci-

* Lumber and Its Uses, R. S. Kellogg, Revised by Franklin H. Smith, pp.
1-370, fig. 98, U. P. C. Book Co., New York, 1924. Price $4.00.

fied in contracts for work and to give the fundamentals of the
work, but is scarcely full enough to be used as a guide by the
amateur wood finisher. In the chapter on the uses of lumber,
fifty-one uses, each taking over a million board feet per year are
described. For each of these a table showing the percentages of
the different woods used is given. For example, of the 56 million
feet used in making boot and shoe findings—lasts, trees, pegs and
wooden heels—maple furnishes 82%, birch, basswood and beech
17% and other woods 1%. In another chapter forty-six com-
mercial woods are listed with the characteristics of each and the
commonuses. In this list the names are usually generic with the
differences between species briefly given, so that the number of
commercial woods is actually many more than appears at first.
The botanist will find the chapters on the characters of wood, the
commercial woods and the forest regions of interest, scout leaders
will also find much of interest, but the real use of the book will be
to those who use wood in construction, building or some form of
manufacturing. The general appearance of the book, the paper
used and the printing is all good. The many tables make it of
value for reference. A key for the determination of the com-
moner commercial woods would have added to its value.

G. T. HASTINGS.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB
MEETING OF JANUARY 30, 1924

The meeting was held at The New York Botanical Garden.

Dr. R. H. Cheney of New York was elected to membership.
The resignation of Mrs. J.S. Ehrich was accepted.

Dr. Barnhart reported for the auditing committee that the
treasurer's books had been examined and approved.

The program of the afternoon consisted of two interesting
talks by Dr. J. K. Small and Dr. R. R. Stewart.

Dr. Small outlined a recent (December, 1923) excursion of
exploration in Florida. About four thousand miles were covered
in northern Florida and the peninsula. The itinerary extended
from Jacksonville to the mouth of the Appalachicola River,
then through the peninsula by several crossings to Cape Sable.
Specimens and photographs were shown to illustrate (a) recently

naturalized species, (b) extension of geographic ranges, (c) very
rare plants, such as a Torreya or Stinking Cedar (Tumion taxi-
folium), Florida-Yew (Taxus floridana), and Chapman-Honey-
suckle (Rhcdodendron Chapmanit), (d) new species, and (e) new
genera. Paintings of several species of iris were shown, the
main object of the excursion having been the collection of ma-
terial of this genus.

Dr. Stewart described the vegetation seen in his travels in
Kashmir. An abstract of his talk was printed in the May—June
issue.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF FEBRUARY I2, 1924

The meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History and in spite of the unfavorable weather was well at-
tended.

Dr. O. E. White, of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, who was a
member of the Mulford expedition for the Biological Exploration
of the Amazon Basin, addressed the club on the forests of the
Amazon, his title being “‘ The Amazonian Wilderness.”

Although the Amazon was first discovered as far back as
1541, Dr. White stated that the territory through which it
flows is even now mainly the domain of rubber collectors, Brazil
nut gatherers, and Indians. Notwithstanding the fact that it
has two large cities— Para, located near one of its many mouths,
with a population of 200,000 and Manaos with about 50,000
people, located about 800 miles further up the river, near the
junction of two large tributaries, the Madeira and the Negro,
the population of the whole Amazon basin is only about 600,000
and most of these are concentrated in the lower reaches of the
river between Manaos and Para as well as in these two cities.
These figures take on added significance when we realize that
this whole Amazon basin is 45 times the area of New York State
and 24 the size of the United States. It was estimated in 1910
that only 25 square miles of this vast area were under cultivation.

Dr. White found that the real wilderness of the Amazon
basin—the wildest part—lay in the triangle formed by the
Andes Mountains as a base and the Negro and Madeira Rivers,

north and south branches, respectively, of the Amazon, as sides,
meeting at a point near Manaos. As to the forests of the
Amazon, he explained that they “are not dark and gloomy in
the sense of our conifer forests—no mass effects of one type of
tree or plant, but many diverse kinds in a small area, making
foresting problems difficult. The trees were mostly of the
hardwood type, their woods often rare and beautiful in coloring.
The forests are full of ‘perching,’ i. e., epiphytic cacti, peppers,
orchids, members of the pineapple family, and ferns, fastened
to the trunks and branches and in the crotches of large trees.
Floral displays in these forests are rare—only occasionally a
bright daub of color from a single blooming tree or vine;—usually
yellows, purples, reds and bright oranges—but the monotonous
green as one drifts down the rivers on rafts or on steamers
becomes very tiresome—one becomes ‘green-tired.’”’

‘Many strange wild fruits and drugs-are found in this region;
in the upper Amazon basin chocolate or cacao grows wild with
its pumpkin-colored pods and purple seeds. The orchid, vanilla,
with yellow flowers and scented pods, clambers over and up the
trees in many places. The common vanilla substitute is also
there— the tonka bean tree.

Besides the harvesting of Brazil nuts, another industry is the
collection of wild rubber; and although this now represents only
a small per cent of the world’s supply— the great bulk at present
coming from the plantations of the Dutch East Indies and the
Federated Malay States—yet it still holds the highest rank for
quality. Two kinds of rubber are common: the Hevea or Para
rubber, known as ‘goma’ and Castilloa or ‘caucho’—the latter
only half as valuable as the former. The Hevea tree is tapped
from year to year, but in the case of Castilloa, the whole tree is
cut down.”

Among other interesting plants described by Dr. White were
the Balsa tree, famous for its light wood, the Annotto tree, whose
fruit yields the dye used commonly to color our butter, and the
Brazil nut tree, whose nuts form such an important article of
commerce.

Dr. White found that the main feature of the climate was its
everlasting sameness—during the rainy season, continual rains
day after day—and during the dry season, perpetual sunshine;

and this monotony becomes tiresome, productive of ennui and
loss of. energy.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF FEBRUARY 27, 1924

The meeting was held in the lecture room of the Museum of ©
the New York Botanical Garden.

The following were elected to membership: Mrs. Frances L.
Muller, New York City; Miss M. Georgina Biddle, New York
City; Professor M. A. Chrysler, Rutgers College, New Bruns-
wick, N. J.; Miss Mary A. Clark, Brooklyn.

The following resignations were accepted: Mrs. and Miss
Langmuir, Mr. George T. Harrington, Mrs. Arthur L. Sproul,
Professor H. F. A. Meier, Dr. Carl A. Schwarze, and Mr. W. T.
Arnold.

Dr. C. E. Allen, of the University of Wisconsin, who is taking
Dr. Harper’s place at Columbia during the latter’s absence in
Washington, D. C., gave a talk illustrated with lantern slides
on ‘Some variant characters of a liverwort (Sphaerocarpus) and
their inheritance.” Dr. Allen said that Sphaerocarpus Don-
nellit, like other species of the genus, so far as known, is strictly
dioecious. The four spores formed by the division of a single
spore mother cell remain adherent at maturity, at least under
greenhouse conditions, with the exception of those produced by
one clone. When the four adherent spores germinate, two de-
velop into male gametophytes, two into female. Male and
female gametophytes are characterized by the possession of
different chromosome groups; one of the chromosomes of the
female (the X-chromosome) is very large; the corresponding one
in the male (the Y-chromosome) is very small. Both are present
in the sporophyte and separated in the reduction divisions, so
that, of the four spores formed from a spore mother cell, two
receive the X-chromosome and can develop only into female
plants; the other two receive the Y-chromosome and can develop
only into male plants.

Races have been isolated which differ in several vegetative
characters. The ‘‘tufted’’ character shows itself especially in
the very variable form of the involucres. If a tufted female is

mated with a typical male, four classes appear among the gameto-
phytic offspring; tufted females, typical females, tufted males,
and typical males. Apparently the tufted offspring are more
numerous than the typical offspring.

The ‘‘polycladous”’ character, first found in a male race, is
marked by a profuse and irregular branching, the reduction or
absence of involucres, and the presence of few antherids. The
mating of a polycladous male with a typical female results in
four approximately equal classes of gametophytic offspring.
The polycladous females have thus far proved entirely sterile.

The sporophytes borne by the female plants of one clone pro-
duce spores that are separate at maturity instead of adherent in
tetrads. The spore-separation character is inherited only
through the female offspring of this clone, the transmission of
this character following, therefore, the same course as that of the
X-chromosome.

A semi-sterile male race has been isolated, resembling typical
races except in the small proportion of antherids and involucres
produced. Races of both sexes have also been found which
differ in the proportion of appendages borne upon their involucres.
The inheritance of these latter characters has not yet been
studied.

ARTHUR H. GRAVEs,
Secretary.

MEETING OF MARCH II, 1924

This meeting was held at the Museum of Natural History.
Professor Jean Massart of the University of Brussels gave an
interesting address, illustrated with lantern slides, on the
“Internal Sensations of the Norfolk Island Pine (Arazcaria
excelsa).’’ Professor Massart pointed out that as regards the
position and potentialities there are 6 kinds of buds on the stems
of Araucaria excelsa: the active terminal bud of the main stem;
the dormant lateral buds of the main stem; the active terminal
bud of the primary branch; the dormant lateral buds of the
primary branch; the active terminal bud of the secondary
branch, and the dormant lateral buds of the secondary branch.

That there is an internal correlation of some sort existing
between these different classes of buds is shown by experi-

mental work. For example, if the top of the main stem is
removed, the dormant lateral buds immediately below the cut
develop to replace the normal head, and of the new shoots from
these, one develops more rapidly than the others, inhibiting their
growth. Girdling experiments bring similar results, and grafting
a secondary branch in the place of the main shoot reveals the
fact that its nature cannot be thus changed to that of a main
shoot.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF MARCH 26, 1924

The meeting of this date was held at the New York Botanical
Garden.

The following were elected to membership: Mr. B. R. Abbott,
New York City; Dr. William Crocker, Boyce-Thompson In-
stitute for Plant Research, Yonkers, N. Y.; Miss Eunice Rogers,
New York-City, Mr. S. Fred Wright, Orange, N. J.

Three resignations were accepted: Mr. C. M. Shipman, Wil-
loughby, Ohio; Mr. James A. Crawford; Miss Margaret Chapin,
Brooklyn.

The Secretary read a communication addressed to the Club
from Mr. W. G. Waterman, Chairman for Local Organizations
of the Committee of the Ecological Society of America on the
Preservation of Natural Conditions. The letter urged the co-
operation of the Club in a movement looking toward the with-
drawal of the region surrounding Glacier Bay from entry, and
the making of a national monument of the same for the purpose
of preserving intact for science the glaciers and the surrounding
region. It was suggested in this letter that the Secretary of
the Club be authorized to write letters to Hon. Hubert C. Work,
Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C., and to Mr.
Stephen Mather, Director of the National Park Service, Wash-
ington, in furtherance of this movement.

Ona motion of Dr. Howe, which was seconded by Dr. Rydberg,
with the approval of the Club, the Secretary was so empowered.

The scientific program of the meeting consisted of two talks.
The subject of the first, by Margaret A. Graham of Hunter
College, was ‘‘Fertilization in the Liverworts with Special

65
Reference to Preissia quadrata.”’ For both this and the follow-
ing paper microscopic slides demonstrating the various stages
were placed on view.

Miss Graham reviewed the work on fertilization in the liver-
worts, as follows:

In 1891, Kruch observed that the antherozoids of Riella
Clausomia enlarge at once upon entering the cytoplasm of the
egg and that the body of the male pronucleus divides into eight
chromosomes. The two pronuclei become almost equal in size
when in contact.

Rickett (1923) observed that both the male and female
pronuclei in Sphaerocarpus form chromosomes and that the
nuclear membrane of each breaks down.

Humphrey (1906) observed the antherozoid wher still a
curved rod, lying in contact with the egg nucleus of Fossombronia
longiseta.

In Ricciacarpus natans, Garber (1904) observed that the male
pronucleus was half the size of the female pronucleus and that
they were in contact.

In Riccia Frostit, Miss Black (1913) observed the aoe pro-
nucleus in the egg cytoplasm near the female pronucleus.

Woodburn (1914) observed the two pronuclei in the cytoplasm
of Reboulia hemispherica, Sharpe (1921) made a similar observa-
tion for Anthoceros and Mayer (1911) for Corsinia Marchan-
toides.

In Preissia quadrata, Miss erin observed that the anthero-
zoid enlarges at once upon entering the cytoplasm of the egg
and moves near to but not in contact with the female pronucleus.
At this time a centrosphere may be observed in the egg cytoplasm
near the antherozoid. While the antherozoid is in this position,
differentiation takes place, resulting in a typical nucleus in
prophase. The contents of the female pronucleus before fer-
tilization is massed around the nucleolus; after fertilization,
however, the nucleus enlarges and its chromatin appears in
masses, thin threads running between them. At opposite poles
of the female pronucleus centrospheres.may be seen.

The second paper was by Dr. Mabel L. Merriman, also of
Hunter College, the subject being ‘‘Some Changes in the Cell
Contents of Spirogyra during Conjugation.”’

Dr. Merriman said that after the union of the gametangia

there is a decided difference in the staining reactions of the con-
jugating cells and those which are not conjugating. The con-
jugating cells are clearer, not taking the stain so readily. This
““clarification’’ seems general in the conjugating cells and may
possibly be connected with the fact that their cell walls are
thinner. The substances in suspension may have gone into
solution. In the conjugating cells also, the nuclei at first seem
to draw apart a little as if repelled. Sometimes two male cells
conjugate with one female cell. In general, previous to con-
jugation, the pyrenoids are much larger.

A short discussion followed on the cause of conjugation, with
the conclusion that it was probably essentially chemotactic.

An interesting specimen of a woody plant (Bachira alba) from
the island of St. Thomas was shown by Dr. Britton. The bark
was of a very corky nature and showed in places on the surface
a peculiar green color.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF APRIL 8, 1924

This meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History. Professor Richards occupied the chair. The Secretary
of the Club gave an illustrated talk on the Civic Value of
Trees, describing the life and growth of trees and the unfavor-
able conditions to which city trees are subjected, the diseases
to which they are liable and correct methods of planting and
treatment. The value of trees to a city was summed up as
follows:

1. Beautify the city, making it a more desirable dwelling place.
. Source of interest and pleasure at all times of the year.

. Afford cooling shade throughout the hot summer period.
. Enhance the value of real estate.
. Improve the general morale of the community.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

ob WwW N

MEETING OF APRIL 30, 1924

The meeting of this date was held in the Laboratory Building
of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

Mr. Charles W. Deusner of the Boyce-Thompson Institute for
Plant Research, Yonkers, New York, was elected to membership.

The communication from the Club to the Secretary of the
Interior advocating withdrawal from entry of the region sur-
rounding Glacier Bay, Alaska, with a view to the establishment
of a national park there; and the reply of Mr. Arno B. Kammerer,
Acting Director of the National Park Service, stating that a
study of the ground is being made, were read by the Secretary,
and by motion of Dr. Seaver were placed on file.

The proposition of Dr. R. C. Benedict, Chairman of the
Special Committee to secure legislation for the protection of the
native plants in the State of New York, that the Club appropriate
$25 for the reprinting of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden Leaflet
“Conservation of Beauty,’ and distribution of same to the
school teachers of New York was put before the Club. On
motion of Dr. Murrill, the proposition was referred to the
finance committee of the Club with power.

Dr. James A. Faris, Research Fellow at the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, addressed the Club on ‘Factors Influencing Infection
in the Covered Smut of Barley.”

Dr. Faris reported that owing to a failure to receive adequate
and consistent infections in attempts to determine the varietal
resistance to the covered barley smut, an extensive study of the
factors influencing infection was undertaken.

As the tabulated data and the photographs shown by lantern
slides demonstrated, high infections were secured over a wide
range of soil moisture, acidity and temperature. In fact very
high infections were secured over much wider ranges of soil
factors than are met with under field conditions. In attempting
to correlate these data with previous failures, it was discovered
that collections of smut from different localities and upon dif-
ferent varieties of barley varied in their ability to infect certain
varieties. Further studies have demonstrated that this single
morphological species of smut is made up of several biologic
forms, some of which were shown in a trip through the experi-
mental greenhouses.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

The British Association for the Advancement of Science met
in Toronto from the 6th to the 15th of August for its 92nd
Annual Meeting. The Association is organized in thirteen
sections which met separately. There were also joint meetings
of two or three sections and general meetings of a popular nature.
Among the papers read before the Botanical Section were the
following :—

The Black Dot Disease of Potato, by Dr. B. T. Dickson.

The Growth of British Columbia Trees as Indicated by Annual
Rings, by Dr. A. H. Hutchinson. .

Certain Fluorescence Pigments and their Structural Relations,
by Professor F. E. Lloyd.

On the Changes in Chloroplasts at Low Temperatures, by
Professor F. J. Lewis.

On the Distribution of Potassium in Living Plant Tissues,
by Mr. Dowding.

Parasitism in the Genus Comandra, by Mr. Moss.

The Botanical Situation in China, by Dr. J. M. Coulter.

The Effect of Noxious Gases on Plants, by Dr. William
Crocker.

The Fresent Status of the Doctrine of Recapitulation, by Dr.
E. C. Jeffrey.

Discussion on “The Ascent of Sap and the Transport of Food
Materials in Trees,’’ by Professors H. H. Dixon, D. F. Curtis,
D. T. Macdougal, V. H. Blackman and J. H. Priestley.

Joint Discussion with Section D, Zoology on ‘Species Con-
cept’’ and on “Chromosomes and Species,’ by Dr. Hyslop
Harrison, Mr. J. S. Huxley, A. D. Peacock and others.

Excursions were also arranged for the visiting scientists to
points of interest.

THE CALIFORNIA BIGTREE DATES BACK BEFORE ADAM -

The history of the tree known as the Bigtree, or technically
the Sequoia Washingtoniana, now found in isolated and sheltered
spots in the Sierra Mountains of California, reaches back into
the very beginnings of history, to a period when this tree prob-
ably covered the slopes of western coast mountains twice the
height of the present ranges, and extended from some point well

north of 49° down into the Lower California peninsula. A
factor in its present limited range, says the United States Forest
Service, is the strange geological transformation that some
hundreds of centuries ago came over what is now California.

The Biblical prophecy that the valleys shall be exalted and the
mountains made low was very literally fulfilled in California
some aeons before it was uttered by Isaiah. In the high moun-
tain ranges of those days, running up to 20,000 feet or more in
height, came a volcanic disturbance, so that molten lava poured
through the valleys and stream channels, filling them up and
blocking the streams. After the lava had cooled, it was so much
harder than the granite of the original mountains that it resisted
erosion as the granite could not. As a consequence, the granite
peaks wore away, and the lava beds remained, until finally
lava-covered ridges towered above deep canyons worn in the
native stone, and streams flowed and still flow many thousand
feet below the level of the streams once shaded by the Bigtree’s
grandsires.

Not long ago miners in the Tahoe National Forest working a
gold mine 2,500 or 3,000 feet below the lava cap of one of the
Sierra peaks, in one of the former streambeds, came across an
old flood deposit in which were the tangled logs of a group of the
Sequoias that once grew on the mountain slopes. Though
buried for unknown thousands of years, the logs were in ex-
cellent preservation. They were changed somewhat in struc-
ture, but the annual rings in a cross-section of the wood stood
out as plainly as though the trees had been felled only a few
days before.

During the last thousand years the Bigtree of to-day has not
reproduced appreciably, and at one time foresters felt that it
was a dying species. Recently, however, efforts have been
made, and with considerable success, to start plantations of the
tree throughout California, outside of its present range.

Small plantations have been made in the Klamath National
Forest in the northwest corner of the State, near Lake Tahoe in
the central part, and in the Sequoia National Forest in the
southern Sierras. In each of these localities the tree has far
outstripped the native conifers. Even in competition with
brush, which suppresses young pines and firs severely, the Big-
tree has been able to develop successfully. In the 12-year

period since the earlier of these plantings some of the young
trees have made a growth of 8 feet, against 4 or 5 feet as the best
that local saplings have attained in the same time. Foresters
are beginning to wonder whether the Bigtree may not some day
reforest large areas of California by means of plantations similar
to the experimental ones already established.

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of TorREYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following
rates:

‘4pp. 8pp. 12pp.| 16pp.| 20pp, 24PP.| 28pp. 32pp. ‘48pp. Ape

25 copies|$r.4a 40 $2.45 45|83- 53.6518 4.49|$ 5.65] $6.5018 8.0016 B45 et2e 55|$15. 90

BOs 1.65} 2.90] 4.25] 5.10} 6.65! 7.75} ‘9.40| 9.85} 14.15} 17.35
POS, 1.95) 3:35] 4-85] 5.65} 7-60} 8.75] 10.45] 11.25] 15.65] 19.95
TOO 1s); 2.25) 3.80) 5.35] 6.35] 8:25] 9.80] 11.55] 12.45] 17.55] 22.05
150 , 2,70] 4,60) 6,50] 7.60] 10.20} 12.10] 14.20] 15.20] 21.35] 26.80

200.) 3.00] 5.05] 7.15} 8.35] 11.40) 13.50} 15.80) 16.85} 23.55| 29.60
gO. TY 3.85 6.20 9.20] 10.70] 14.85] 17.55] 20.50] 21,05} 30.20] 37.40

“Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 14c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00

Committees for 1924.

_ Finance Committee _ Field Committee
R, A. Harper, Chairman. A.T. BEALS, Chairman.
J. H. BARNHART Miss JEAN BROADHURST
E. P, BICKNELL H. M. DENsLow
Miss C. C. HAYNES G. C, FISHER

’ SERENO 'STETSON Miss FE. M. Kuerer
Pe SN MicHAEL LEVINE
Miss Daisy Levy
RaymMonp H,. Torrey
PERCY WILSON

Budget Committee » Membership Committee

_ J. H.Barnuart, Chairman. J. K. SMALL, Charman.
~ R.A. HARPER T. E. Hazen

N..L. BRITTON NORMAN TAYLOR

H. M. DENsLow

C.S. GAGER~ ; Local Flora Committee
M.A. Howe

aH Rois N.L. Britron, Chairman.

\ Phanerogams: Cryptogams:

E: P. BICKNELL Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
N. L. Britton A. W. Evans

Program Committee H. M.Denstow — T. E. Hazen
A. H. Graves, Chairman, . W.C.FERGuson ~M. A. Howe
Mrs. E. G. Britton LupLow Griscom © MiIcHAEL LEVINE
~ALFRED GUNDERSEN - BAYARD LONG W. A. MurRRILL
T. E. Hazen K. K. MACKENZIE. F. J. SEAVER
M. A. Howe : G. E. NicHOoLs
RM NorMAN TAYLOR

~ Chairmen on Special Committees on Local Flora
~ Ferns and Fern Allies: R.C. Benedict — Lichens:

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.
Liverworts: A. W. Evans Richards
Fresh Water Algae: T, E. Hazen Hypocreaceae,. Plectascineae, Tu-
Marine Algae: M.A. Howe . berineae: F. J. Seaver
Gasteromycetes: G. C. Fisher ~ Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed
Hymenomycetes: W. A. Murrill Selerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout
Exce t_Russula and Lactarius: Miss G. Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
. Burlingham Cook
Soctinarins: R. A, Harper Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee
Polyporeae: M.Levine — - Myxomycetes:
Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

- Discomycetes: F.J.Seaver hurst
she Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A monthly journal devoted to general botany, established
1870. Vol. 49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum.
For Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soho Squate, !
London, are agents for England. ip

Of former volumes, 24-47 can be supplied separately
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers has been
reserved for the completion of sets. Single copies (40°
cents) will be furnished only when not breaking complete
volumes. 3

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memoirs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes 1-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance; f
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi- Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490. pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.

A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will

be furnished on application:

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred, miles of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00. |

Correspondence relating to the above publications should m «

be addressed to

MISS MARY LEE MANN
171 Union Street,
Flushing, N. Y.

‘Vol: 24 September-October, 1924 No. 5

TORREYA

‘A Bi-MontuLty JourNAL or BoTrANicaAL Notes AND NrEws
d EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE’ T) HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS
Uareppried Plants from Long Island, N. M. GRIER... 2.0... 000.205 bee ee, 71
A New Heart-leaf and other Interesting Plants from Autauga County, Ala-
DATTA NOLAND. CNG EDA RETRO SO Cris MUA Ns (ea nena ayaa ty 5) sug ate. 77
A Trip to El Yunque, Porto Rico, ELizABeTH G. BRITTON.............:... 83

Shorter Articles:

A New Bog-asphodel from the Mountains, JOHN K. SMALL............ 86
» Crowberry at Montauk, Long Island, NorMAN TAYLOR...........-..-. 87

Addenda to Contributions to the Flora of Long Island,
Ry WiLiiAM C. FERGUSON 88

Protea as OF tHE: Chul ce CIO Soret Akos DR ess de aes 88
Be ote eke Se BG at ANS tk 90

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
AT 8 West KiNG STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1924

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, Pu#.D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pu.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
MARY LEE MANN, A:M.
171 Union St., Flushing, N. Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN

Associate Editors

A, F. BLAKESLEE, Pu.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M.

ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D., PH.D. .MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pa.D., Sc.D.

H. A. GLEASON, Px.D. M. LEVINE, Pu.D.

ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Px#.D. ARLOW B. STOUT, Px.D.
Bibliographer

FRED. J. SEAVER, Pu.D.

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a vear, and Annual, at |
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE

Witp FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorreEyA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postai or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received oniy for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Miss Mary Lee Mann, 171 Union St., Flushing,
N.Y.

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS
_2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

LIBRA RY
ae Ww YORE
BOTANICAL

GAR VEN

TORREYA

Vol. 24 No. 5
September—October, 1924

UNREPORTED PLANTS FROM LONG ISLAND*
ie PTERIDOPHYTA AND SPERMATOPHYTA
N. M. Grier

Since assuming charge of the course in Field and Systematic
Botany at the Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.
Y., the writer and his assistants have been engaged in making
a card catalogue of the native and cultivated plants in the
vicinity of the Laboratory, as these were collected by members
of the staff and students. He has also examined and assembled
records left by former workers at the Laboratory, and from
these has prepared the following list of plants previously un-
known, or at most, indefinitely reported from Long Island. In
checking this list, not only were the earlier lists of Jelliffe, (3),
and Grout, (4), consulted, but the more recent studies of Harper
on Long Island vegetation, (6, 14, 15, 16), together with those
of Johnson and York, (10), Harshberger, (12), Conard, (8),
completing the final checking with Taylor’s studies, (11, 20),
those of Burnham and Latham, (9, 13, 17, 19), and Ferguson’s
two recent papers, (18, 21). ‘The workers whose data, besides
that of the writer, is presented in the following list are:—

Professor J. Arthur Harris, University of Minnesota, Min-
neapolis, Minn.

Miss Gail H. Holliday, Wheeling High School, Wheeling, W.
Va. The taxonomy and nomenclature used are essentially that
of the Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada,
second edition.

Our records confirm the presence on Long Island of the fol-
lowing species listed by Burnham and Latham, (1914) :—
Bromus hordeaceus, Carex canescens disjuncia, Carex flexuosa,
Scirpus paludosus, Salix purpurea, Lychnis dioica, Rubus
phoeniculasius, Viola papilianacea domestica, A pocynum medium,

* Contribution No. 6 from the Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor,
aN SY.

Lycopus membranaceus, Nabalus trifoliolatus, Xanthium commune,
Arctium minus, Solidago jiuncea: (1921), Lathyrus latifolia,
Galium mollugo.

Additionally we have found on Long Island the following
species listed by Ferguson, (1922):—Filix Fragilis, Sagittaria
Engelmanniana; (1924):—Aristida tuberculosa, Panicum micro-
carpon, Carex abscondiia, Carex hystricina, Carex straminea,
Cyperus erythrorhizus, Scirpus cyperinus, Juncus Greenet,
Lilium philadelphicum, Trillium cernuum, Ulmus americana,
Persicaria caryi, Persicaria pennsylvanica, Dondia maritima,
Anemone virginiana, Aquilegia canadensis, Sarracenia purpurea,
Lespedeza capitata, Rhus hirta, Acer platanoides, Acer saccharum,
Uiricularia gibba, Galium verum, Lonicera sempervirens, Hieracium
canadense. The localities of our species are mostly at Cold Spring
Harbor.

POLY PODIACEAE

Dryopleris cristatum var. Clintoniana (D.C. Eaton). Woods, C. 5S. H. N.
M.G.

PINACEAE

Picea excelsa Link. In cultivation, C. S. H. G. H. H.
Taxodium distichum L. In cultivation, Westbury, L. I. N. M. G.

POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton alpinus Bubs. Fish Hatchery, C. S. H. G. H. H.

GRAMINEAE
Diplachne fasciculus Beauv. Salt Marsh, C. S. H. N. M. G.

CYPERACEAE

Carex Asa-Grayt Bailey. C. S. H. vicinity. Ilo Ne Jal.

Carex scoparia canadensis Fern. C. 5S. H. vicinity. J. A. H.

Carex tenuiflora Wahl. C. S. H. vicinity. Wo Ae Tele

Scleria pauciflora carcliniana (Willd.) Wood. Hempstead Plain, Hicksville.
Cala als

Scleria triglomerata Michx. Hempstead Plain, Hicksville, L. I. N. M. G.

Scirpus sylvaticus L. C. S. H. vicinity. G. H. H.

SALICACEAE
Salix petiolaris J. E. Smith. CC. S. H. vicinity. lle ANG Tal.

FAGACEAE
Quercus ellipsoidalis Hill. Near dunes, Bayville, L. I. G. H. HH,
Quercus imbricaria Michx. Hodenpyl Estate, Locust Valley, L. I. N, M.
G,
ULMACEAE

Ulmus alata Michx. Hodenpyl Estate, Locust Valley, L. I. N. M. G.
Ulmus campestris L. C. S. H. vicinity. N. M. G.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. C. S. H. vicinity. No MEG,

POLYGONACEAE

Persicaria punctata leptostachyum Meissn. C. S. H. Lake region. N. M.
G.

NYCTAGINACEAE
Mirabilis Jalapa L. Cultivated, C. S. H. vicinity. N. M. G.

PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca pilosa L. Gilgo Beach, L. I. G. H. H.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Stellaria borealis Bigel. Shaded and wet places, C. S. H. G. EE Be

PAPAVERACEAE

Macleya cordata Willd. Escaped, Lloyd’s Point, L. I. C.S. H. N. M.
G.

CRUCIFERAE

Brassica Rapa L. Gardens and escaped, C. S. H.

N. M. G.
Diplotaxis muralis (L) DC. Roadsides, C. S. H. G2 Hebe

SARRACENIACEAE
Sarracenia flava L. Hodenpy! Estate, Locust Valley, L. I. N. M. G.

GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes nigrum L. Escaped, C. S. H. ji AH.

ROSACEAE

Potentilla montspeliensis norvegica Rydb. Vicinity C.
Rubus baileyanus Britton. C. S. H. vicinity. J

Rubus canadensis L. Jones Woods, C. S. H. J. Ase

Rubus neglectus Peck. Huntington Hill Road, C. S. H. N. M. G.

Schizonotus sorbifolia L. Road to Sandspit, C. S. H. N. M. G.

Filipendula rubra (Hill) Robinson. Escaped, Lloyd’s Point, L. I. N. M.
G.

MALACEAE
Sorbus aucuparia L. C. S. H. vicinity. N. M. G.

LINACEAE
Millegrana Radiola L. C.S. H. vicinity. N. M. G.

EUPHORBIACEAE
Pachysandra procumbens Michx. De Forest Estate, C. S. H. Neaiee:

CELASTRACEAE
Evonymus atropurpurea Jacq. Cultivated and escaping,C.S.H. G.H.H.

BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens noli-tangere 1. Jones Marsh, C. S. H. N. M. G.

MALVACEAE

Callirhoe involucrata (T. & G.) A. Gray. Sanderson Estate, Locust Valley,
i oe GA

VIOLACEAE

Viola arvensis Murr. Near Laboratory, C. S. H. G. H. H.
Viola sororia Willd. C.S.H. vicinity. Ge lsle isle

ELAEAGNACEAE
Elaeagnus argentea Pursh. Jones Farm, C. S. H. N. M. G.

UMBELLIFERAE

Aegopodium Podograria variegatum Bailey. Fish Hatchery, C.S.H. GH.
H.

ERICACEAE

Ledum groenlandicum Oeder. Havemeyer Estate, Locust Valley, L. I. N.
M. G.

Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. Near R. R. Depot, C. S. H., cultivated.
NM. G.
Vitis-Idea Vitis-Idea (L.) Britton. Bayville, L. I. © N. M. G.

STYRACACEAE

Halesia carolina L. Escaping, C. S. H. vicinity. he: a:

OLEACEAE

Fraxinus americana (L.) var. aecidiosa Shull. Huntington Hill Road, C. S. H.
N. M. G.
LABIATAE

Mentha citrata Ehr. C. S. H. vicinity. N. M. G.
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. Waste fields, vicinity, C.S. H. }

N. M.G.
Salvia Lyrata L. Matheson’s Estate, Lloyd’s Neck, L. I. GiiHe H.

SOLANACEAE
Physalis viscosa L. Vicinity of Laboratory,C.S.H. G.H.H.

RUBIACEAE
Galium trifidum pusillum (L.).. Pine Barrens, St. James, L. I. N. M.G.

CICHORIACEAE
Hicracium praealtum decipiens Koch. Pine Barrens, St. James, L. I. N. M.
G.
AMBROSIACEAE

Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wally. C. S. H. vicinity. G. HH:

COMPOSITAE

Anténnaria neodoica Greene. C. 5S. H. vicinity. N. M. G.

Aster Herveyi Gray. C.S. H. vicinity. JASE

Aster paniculata acutidens Burgess. C. S. H. vicinity. Jw Av EE

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Pine Barrens, St. James, L. I., escaped. N. M.
G.

Matricaria suaveolens (Pursh) Buchanan. Hempstead Plain, Hicksville, L. I.
N. M. G.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.—1873, MILLER, E. S., Contributions to the Flora of Long Island. Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. 6.

2.—1888, POGGENBERG, J. F., Britton, N. L., STERNS, E. E., “ Preliminary
Catalogue of the Anthophyta and Pteridophyta reported as growing
spontaneously within one hundred miles of New York City,’’ Published
by Torrey Botanical Club.

3.—1899, JELLIFFE, S. E., ‘‘The Flora of Long Island,’’ Published by the
author, 64 W. 56th St., New York City.

4.—1902, Grout, A. J., “Additions to the Recorded Flora of Long Island,”
Torreya 2.

5.—1904, JELLIFFE, S. E., ‘‘ Additions to the Flora of Long Island,” Torreya 4.

6.—1908, HARPER, R. M., ‘‘The Pine Barrens of Babylon and Islip, Long
Island,”’ Torreya 8.

7.—1908, BICKNELL, E. P., ‘‘Ferns and Flowering Plants of Nantucket,”
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. 35.

8.—I913, CoNARD, H. S., ‘Revegetation of a Denuded Area,’’ Botanical
Gazette 55, 1913.

9.—1914, BuRNHAM, S. H., and Latuaw, R. A., “The Flora of the Town of
Southold, Long Island and Gardiner’s Island,”’ Torreya 14.
10.—I915, JOHNSON, D. S., and York, H. H., “‘Relation of Plants to Tide

Levels,’’ Carnegie Institution Publication No. 206.

II.—1915, TAyLor, N., “Flora of the Vicinity of New York,’”’ Mem. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 5.

12.—1916, HARSHBERGER, J. W., “Origin and Vegetation of Salt Marsh
Pools,’’ Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1916.

13.—1917, BURNHAM, S. H., and Latuam, R. A., ‘‘The Flora of the Town of
Southold, Long Island and Gardiner’s Island.”” First supplementary
list, Torreya 17.

14.—1917, HARPER, R. M., ‘‘The Natural Vegetation of Western Long Island
South of the Terminal Moraine,’”’ Torrey 17.

15.—1917, Ibid., ““The Native Plant Population of Northern Queens County,
Long Island,”’ Torreya 17.

16.—1918, Ibid., “‘The Vegetation of the Hempstead Plains,’’ Mem.
Torrey Bot. Club 17.

17.—1921, BURNHAM, S. H., and Latuaw, R. A., ‘‘The Flora of the Town of
Southold, Long Island and Gardiner’s Island.”” Second supplementary
list, Torreya 21.

18.—1922, FERGUSON, W. C., “Some Interesting Plants from Long Island,
N. Y.,”’ Torreya 22.

19.—1923, BURNHAM, S. H., and LAtuam, R. A., “The Flora of the Town
of Southold, Long Island and Gardiner’s Island.”” Third supple-
mentary list, Torreya 23.

20.—1923, TAYLOR, N., “‘ Vegetation of Long Island.’’ Part 1. Vegetation
of Montauk. Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Garden, Vol. 2.

21.—1924, FERGUSON, W. C., ‘‘Contributions to the Flora of Long Island,
N. Y.’ Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51.

DARTMOUTH COLLEGE,
HANOVER, N. H.

A NEW HEART-LEAF AND OTHER INTERESTING
PLANTS FROM AUTAUGA COUNTY, ALABAMA

ROLAND M. HARPER

In May, 1924, on my way to my principal southern head-
quarters in Alabama after a few months’ work in Florida, I
spent a week-end (17th to 19th) with an ornithologist friend,
Ernest G. Holt, at the home of his uncle, Lewis S. Golsan—a
farmer and naturalist—near Booth in Autauga County. Booth
is a railroad junction about six miles west-northwest of Prattville,
the county-seat, and Mr. Golsan’s farm is about two miles east
of Booth and five miles from Prattville by road, and about one-
half mile west of Bridge Creek, which flows in a general southerly
direction toward the Alabama River.

The locality under consideration is just about at the southern
edge of what I have described as the long-leaf pine hills division
of the central pine belt of Alabama.* Its underlying strata are
pinkish and yellowish sands and sandy clays, near the top of
the Tuscaloosa formation (fresh-water Cretaceous), and the
soils are rather sandy. A mile or so to the southward, across
the Mobile & Ohio R. R. and the valley of Autauga Creek, is
a steep wooded escarpment perhaps 200 feet high (which at
‘Prattville looks like a small mountain), of the Eutaw formation,
which overlies the Tuscaloosa and is at least partly of marine
origin, and gives rise to somewhat richer soils.

The northern part of Mr. Golsan’s farm is higher than the
house, and two or three small streams (branches), originating
in. seepage springs, flow down the slope toward the house, and
soon unite into a larger one flowing into Bridge Creek. Around
the heads of some of the branches are small areas of sandy bog
similar to those described from the same region by the writer
a few years ago,} and a little farther down the streams flow
through small swamps with the neighboring slopes more “‘meso-
phytic,”’ having a small accumulation of humus. The uplands
between the branches are in some places dry and sandy, with
pine-barren vegetation, and elsewhere more fertile, with more
deciduous trees and shrubs.

On the east side of Bridge Creek, about half a mile from Mr.

* Geol. Surv. Ala., Monog. 8, pp. 78-81. 1913.
{ Torreya 22: 57-60. 1922.

Golsan’s, are bluffs with more loamy and moderately fertile
soil, sometimes precipitous and sometimes gently sloping, rising
to a height of 100 feet or more, and pretty well wooded. The
vegetation on the more gentle slopes varies in density and luxuri-
ance with the distance from the water, exposure to sun, etc.,
that near the base being fairly typical climax forest or rich
woods, passing into dry woods higher up. On the most precipi-
tous bluffs, where there is more exposure to sun and wind, but
also better protection from fire, are a few plants that seem to be
sensitive to fire (pyrophobic), such as Jllictwm, Kalmia lati-
folia, Oxydendrum, and Symbplocos.

About half a mile farther south, after passing under the rail-
road, Bridge Creek flows into Autauga Creek, in a swampy
bottom about one-half mile wide. Near this point, where the
swamp is presumably sandier than usual, is one of the few known
Alabama localities for Pinus serotina.* The large tree which
I had seen several times from trains (and photographed in 1906)
is still standing, and accompanied by a few smaller ones.

About four miles south of Booth, among the hills of the
Eutaw formation, is a large creek swamp known as Bear Swamp,
a tributary of the Alabama River. On the 19th I went into
this swamp near its upper end with Mr. Golsan and Mr. Holt,
who had hunted birds and other animals in it for many years.’
In recent years there has been some agitation for draining this
swamp, on account of the widespread prejudice against swamps
of all kinds; but if the part I saw is typical, draining it would
do very little good from the standpoint of either agriculture or
health. For it is a non-alluvial swamp, with the deepest peat
I have ever noticed in Alabama. We had no way of measuring
the total depth of the peat, but it is evidently several feet.
A curious feature of the swamp is the presence of several deep
pools of clear water with precipitous edges, not visibly connected
with any channel. The only way I can account for them is
that they may represent holes burned in the peat by fire during
some extremely dry season, perhaps a generation ago. The
vegetation of the part I saw has much in common with that of
the Dismal Swamp of Virginia, and a bay and gum swamp
near Tallahassee, Fla.,f the commonest trees being Magnolia

*See Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 524. 1906.
ft See 3d Ann. Rep. Fla. Geol. Surv. pp. 254-255. I9I11.

glauca, Pinus Taeda, Nyssa biflora, and Acer rubrum. A few
other plants seen there will be mentioned farther on.

So much for the general environment of the plants to be noted
below. About an hour after our arrival at the farm (May 17)
I was walking with Mr. Holt down alongside of one of the spring
branches about 200 yards north of the house, and about at the
point where the sandy bogs ended and the richer woods began
I noticed a few specimens of a heart-leaf (Hexastylis*), and was
about to pass them by as being the common /. arifolia, when
Mr. Holt stooped down and pulled up a plant, with the remark,
“What's this?’”’ I then saw at once that it had flowers very
different from those of H. arifolia, or any other species known
to me, and I made a note of the time (5:45 p. m., Central Time),
as I often do when I think a new species has been discovered.

= To the eye the leaves of the new plant are scarcely distinguish-
able from those of H. arifolia, being hastate-cordate, faintly
mottled above with different shades of green, a few inches long,
with terete purplish petioles a little longer than the blades.
But they lack the characteristic ‘“‘medicinal’’ odor of H. ari-
folia, and we found the next day that we could distinguish the
two species by their odor even when no flowers were present,
as is often the case. (Like several other perennial herbs, every
plant does not bloom every year, but whether the flowerless
ones are simply too young, or they bloom only in alternate years
or something like that, has not yet been determined.)

The plant resembles its congeners in growing in small tufts,
with branching and slender but fleshy rootstocks.

The calyx or perianth (called hypanthium by Small) is about
an inch long, greenish purple outside (like the petioles and
peduncles), and instead of being pitcher-shaped as in H. ari-
folia, is abruptly expanded near the middle, in a manner dif-
ficult to describe but well shown by the accompanying illustra-
tion. The three calyx-lobes, which sometimes spread more

* This genus of Rafinesque’s has been united with Asarum by most taxono-
mists who have dealt with it, except Small, but it seems abundantly distinct
by its superior ovary and several other characters. (Some I9gth century
authors made it a section Heterotropa, under Asarum.) ‘“ Heart-leaf’’ seems
to be the universal common name for any species of Hexastylis in Georgia
and Alabama, if not throughout the South, but like many other southern

plant names, it does not seem to have found its way into books written by
northern botanists.

Hexastylis speciosa. About one-third natural size.

widely than those shown, making the perianth almost salver-
shaped, are longitudinally striped within with dark purple
bands, thus suggesting an affinity to Aristolochia more strongly
than any other Hexastylis does.

The peduncles, about the same length as the flowers, are
curved above in such a way that the flowers rest on the ground
with their axes approximately horizontal, instead of being
erect as in other species of the genus. Although the essential
organs of the flower were not examined closely, they do not
seem to differ materially from those of H. arifolia. (No insect
visitors were observed, but it is a reasonable supposition that
pollination is effected by some small insects that crawl on the
ground.)

For the species here described I propose the name Hexastylis
speciosa, in allusion to its showy flowers. (Any one who does
not believe that Hexastylis is sufficiently distinct from Asarum
can call it Asarum speciosum.)

A few minutes after Mr. Holt’s discovery we noticed a fine
clump of the same thing in richer woods farther down the same
branch, and decided to leave it until the next day, and then
bring it to the house and photograph it while it was fresh. In

the meanwhile Mr. Holt made a pencil sketch of one of the
flowers, from the specimen he first gathered, and that has helped
me to describe it after the flowers of the plants taken for her-
barium specimens had lost their shape by pressing. On Sunday
his sister, Miss Olivia Holt, who came out to the farm for a few
hours with an automobile party, took a specimen back to Mont-
gomery with her, and the next day, without any suggestion
from me, had a professional photographer make the photograph
which is used herewith. This shows the appearance of the
plant better than words can, and makes a description almost
unnecessary, except for size and colors.

On Mr. Golsan’s farm the new species seemed to be the only
Hexastylis present, but on Sunday we found both it and H.
arifolia fairly common in rich woods along the Bridge Creek
bluffs, and there we soon learned to distinguish the two species
by their odor. On Monday, the 19th, I went with Mr. Golsan
and Mr. Holt south from Booth several miles across the hills
of the Eutaw formation, and there we found only H. arifolia.
Again a few weeks later, when I was walking part of the way
from Montgomery to Tuscaloosa on June 10 and 11, I found only
HA. arifolia in rich woods near the southeastern corner of Autauga
County, and in similar situations in southeastern Bibb County.
Although H. speciosa may turn up later in other counties, for it
can easily be mistaken for H. arifolia at other seasons than spring,
or even in spring if one does not look closely—for its flowers
do not differ much in color from the decaying tree leaves among
which they rest—it seems likely that we have one more to add
to the rather long list of very distinct and handsome plants
which are more abundant in Alabama than anywhere else, if
not confined to the state. (Examples are Magnolia macrophylla,
Iillicium Floridanum, Neviusia Alabamensis, Hydrangea querci-
folia, Polygala Boykinit, Croton Alabamensis, Aesculus Pavia,
A. parviflora, and Laciniaria polyphylia.)

A few other plants found in the same neighborhood deserve
special mention. The references to Dr. Mohr of course mean
Charles Mohr’s Plant Life of Alabama (1901).

Rhynchospora Grayit Kunth. On dry sandy uplands near
Bridge Creek. Known to Dr. Mohr only from Baldwin and
Mobile Counties, near the coast.

Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong. Sandy bogs near heads

of branches on Mr. Golsan’s place. Known to Dr. Mohr only
from the “coast pine belt,’’ but it grows also on Lookout Moun-
tain, with several other coastal plain plants.

Uvularia sessilifolia L. Shady edge of branch-swamp on
Golsan’s place. Ranges chiefly northward.

Smilax Waltert Pursh. In Bridge Creek Swamp. Known to
Dr. Mohr only from Clarke County and southward.

Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sarg. In Bear Swamp. Known to
Dr. Mohr only from the ‘“‘lower pine belt”’ and ‘coast plain;”’
but I had found it some years ago among the mountains of
Clay County.*

Calycanthus sp. Common on moderately fertile uplands on
Mr. Golsan’s place, and in bloom at the time of my visit. Dr.
Mohr lists two species, one from the highlands and one from
near the coast, but I have never learned to distinguish them.
I had no record of any member of this genus from the central
pine belt before, though.

Tlex coriacea (Pursh) Chapman. The most abundant shrub
in the part of Bear Swamp that I visited. This is near its inland
limit.

Stewartia Malacodendron L. A single specimen, in bloom, in
rich woods near Bridge Creek. This handsome-shrub seems to
be much rarer than one might suppose from the books. Dr.
Mohr found it in Cullman County (locality and abundance not
specified), and at one place in Mobile County (in 1879 only),
and cited a specimen collected by Dr. E. A. Smith in Tuscaloosa
County. Dr. Smith’s plant was found about five miles east of
Tuscaloosa, in the 70’s, but he has never been able to locate it
again, although a special search for it was made in 1923. I
found it near Greenville, in Butler County, in June, 1906.

Azalea. At least two species or varieties, apparently near A.
viscosa, were in bloom on Mr. Golsan’s farm at the middle of
May, but the splitters have been at work on this genus lately,
and I could not identify them without taking specimens along
for study, which I was hardly prepared to do. There are also
a few Vacciniums there that might be worth investigating.

Pieris nitida (Bartr.) B. & H. In Bear Swamp and one or two
other non-alluvial swamps in the neighborhood. Known to
Dr. Mohr only from the “lower pine region” and “coast plain.”’

*See Torreya 10: 220-221. IgI0.

Lysimachia quadrifolia L. In dry woods near Bridge Creek,
not common. This may be the southernmost known station for
it. Dr. Mohr knew it only from Sand and Lookout Mountains.

Pinguicula pumila Mx. Sandy bogs near springs on Golsan’s
farm. Known to Dr. Mohr only from Baldwin and Mobile
Counties, but I found it in similar places in Chilton County a
few years ago.* In the central pine belt it grows larger than it
does farther south, and might be mistaken for P. elatior in dried
specimens, but the color of the corolla is more like that of P.
pumila than P. elatior.

Utricularia subulata L. With or near the preceding. Com-
moner southward, but grows also on Lookout Mountain.

UNIVERSITY, ALA.

A TRIP TO EL YUNQUE, PORTO RICO
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON

From the windows of our rooms at the Condado, the Luquillo
Range of mountains—filling the northeastern end of the Island—
loomed up, misty and blue in the early morning, or cloud-
capped in the afternoon, and continually tempted us to come
and see its wonders! One of the keenest disappointments of
all our West Indian journeys had been that I was unable to
join my husband and a party of botanists in a camping trip
from Naguabo in 1913 to El Duque at the other end of the
range. Having helped to take care of the plants and studied
the mosses from that trip, I could faintly imagine what treasures
awaited us on El Yunque. It is called the “Anvil’’ from the
flat top so characteristic of the northeastern end of the range,
and is 3,700 feet high.

Through the courtesy of the Forestry Department of the
Federal Government of Porto Rico, and the kindness of Mr.
Murray Bruner—Chief Forester—all arrangements were made
for us to start from Mameyes on horse-back by the Catalina
trail, for a ‘““week-end”’ visit to the forest-ranger’s huts of the
Luquillo Forest Reserve. So we motored down to the Mameyes
River, bag and baggage, ready to ‘rough it’’ and get wet.

*See Torreya 22: 59. 1922.

The cabins were comfortable and water-proof and we spent
three nights there, a party of five botanists, and several of the
native foresters came to help in the day-time. The trail up is
through sugar and coffee plantations and yielded little of much
interest until we reached the station at about 1500 feet. We
arrived there in time to take a short walk along the newly
stoned trail, toward the summit, and become a little familiar
with the more common plants at the lower altitudes. Here we
found Hillia parasitica with its starry white waxy blossoms, and
Magnolia splendens with showy cream-colored flowers; passion-
flowers and Anthuriums climbed the trees, mistletoes and ferns
perched upon them, tree-ferns mingled with them and ferns and
mosses covered the ground. Selaginellas and Lycopodiums were
abundant, and hepatics and lichens helped to make a bewilder-
ing luxuriance of plant growth.

The ferns were particularly abundant and represented by
many genera—Asplenium and Adiantum, Polypodium and
Rhipidopteris, Trichomanes, and Hymencphyllum, Vitiaria and
Elaphoglossum in abundance and beauty. We were particularly
pleased with Oleandra articulata—its simple glossy fronds
pendent in large masses on the trunks of trees—and a few ground
orchids, and an interesting Apzeria were also found.

The first good moss collected was on the shady side of a big
boulder in the bed of a stream, crossing the path—Homalha
glabella and with it Fissidens polypodioides. Masses of Macro-
mitrium mucronifolium and Leucoloma serrulatum made cushions
on trees and stumps. Leucobryum crisbum and L. Martianum
were abundant and mixed with species of Campylopus, which
in the tropics takes the place of the Dicranums which are usually
so abundant on our northern mountains. The old logs were
fascinating places to linger over, searching for filmy ferns,
hepatics, and mosses. :

A comfortable night on clean new cots with plenty of blankets
and good camp fare, with delicious Porto Rican coffee, started
us off next day rested and keen for our trip to the summit. The
horses took us part of the way up—as far as the trail was possible
for them to go; the rest of the way was too steep and muddy, so
we left them with a care-taker and started off—each of us with
a “practico’’ or forest-ranger to help us, and began collecting.
Mr. Bruner and Dr. Britton watched for new or interesting

trees and kept the men with the machetes busy. My big
basket soon was overflowing and particularly fine clumps of
ferns and lycopodiums were left to be picked up on the way
down. So many stops were made and such interesting specimens
found, that we were neither tired nor out of breath when we
reached the wonderful rain-forest of the flat ridge below the
summit of El Yunque. Of all tropical mountains that we have
ever climbed, this has the densest vegetation and is most un-
spoiled by the ravages of man. The trees were so covered with
mosses and hepatics, that the trunks were invisible, and ferns
and orchids grew upon them in masses. The rare fern Hymencd-
qum crinitum was exceedingly abundant and of large size. Olfer-
sta cernua, Trichomanes crispum and Hymenophyllum polyanthes
were also abundant,—Elaphoglossums and Gesnerias hung from
the trees, and a beautiful white epiphytic orchid Octadesmia
montana grew on the bushes along the path. Dense cushions
of a rare moss—only found on high mountains—Hemiragis
aurea were everywhere and mixed with it were pillows of Macro-
miutriums. The Hookeriaceae also were abundant, and Hook-
ertopsis acicularis covered the stones in the path. Another
beautiful moss of this family found hanging at the end of twigs—
Isodrepanium lentulum with its symmetric branching and
glossy leaves made it particularly lovely and tempting. Mixed
with it were our old friends of the Blue Mountains of Jamaica—
Meteoropsis remotifolia, Pilotrichella flexilis, Phyllogonium fulgens,
and Thusdium acuminatum. Also quite familiar and abundant
were Porotrichum insularum and Clastobryum trichophyllus.

On the last muddy scramble a few plants of Hookeria acutifolia
were found. In the crevices of the rocks on the bare summit
were dense black masses of Thysanomitriuwm Richardi and in
these wet cushions grew a tiny pale Utricularia, now called Setis-
capella pusilla. Two rare ferns also grew in the crevices of the
rock in wet cushions of mosses—Psilogramme Portoricensis and
Pleurcgramme minor but were not abundant.

As we sat down to lunch, it began to rain and drove us away
from the exposed and windy ledges to the shelter of the forest—
but even here there was little comfort, and we turned home-
ward—realizing that our baskets and packs were full and ab-
sorbing water all the time. So it was a wet and tired party that
dragged into camp a few hours later, soaked through and through.

Part of the next day it rained and we stayed indoors and were
kept busy sorting and pressing the most perishable parts of
the collections. Fortunately, mosses, hepatics, and lichens
can wait for light and comfort, so they were bundled up and
carried down to the Condado, where with plenty of running
water, cloths and trash baskets, it took four days more to clean
and arrange and number my collection, and the subsequent
study has shown it to be one of the largest and most interesting
of all our red-letter day gatherings.

New York BOTANICAL GARDEN.

SHORTER ARTICLES

A NEw BoG-ASPHODEL FROM THE Mountains.—Four known
species have heretofore comprised the genus Abama. Two
American, one on the eastern coast and one of the western
coastal region. The other two are European and Japanese
respectively. The following or fifth species may be described as:

Abama montana Small, sp. nov. Perennial with a fibrous-
coated rootstock, sometimes tufted: basal leaves erect, mostly
I-2.5 dm. long, narrowly linear, about 8-veined, acuminate:
flowering stem 3-5 dm. tall, slender, glabrous, with several
remote narrow leaves which clasp the stem: raceme 5-8 cm.
long, rather loosely flowered: bracts setaceous, mostly 3-8 mm.
long: pedicels about twice as long as the bracts, slender: perianth
yellow: sepals aimost linear, 6 mm. long, 3-veined: petals
narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3-veined: stamens about 4 mm.
long; anthers fully 1.5 mm. long: capsule narrowly conic,
shorter than the persistent perianth—Swamp near Flat Rock,
North Carolina.

It is not surprising that a bog-asphodel should come to light
in the mountains of North Carolina, as several kinds of plants
otherwise known only in the pine-barrens of the middle Atlantic
Coastal Plain also grow in the Appalachians. However, it is
interesting that the plant in question is a different species from
that of the lowlands. It is scarce, evidently rare, and may
be on the verge of extinction. It may be that in this species
we have one of the progenitors of the Abama of the Coastal
Plain, for the high mountain region was the reservoir whence
many of our Coastal Plain plants were derived.

The habit and the foliage of the two species in question are
much the same, but in the inflorescence of Abama montana we
find long slender pedicels, and in the flower itself larger sepals
and petals, larger stamens and smaller capsules than in Abama
_ americanum.

The type specimens were collected near Flat Rock, North
Carolina by F. M. Crayton, July, 1919, in flower, and at the
same place by C. D. Beadle and F. M. Crayton, later in the
same month, in fruit. Type specimens are in the herbarium of
The New York Botanical Garden.

= Joun K. SMALL

CROWBERRY AT MONTAUK, LONG ISLAND
NorMAN TAYLOR AND HELEN SmitH HILL

The discovery of Empetrum nigrum within a couple of hundred
feet of the temporary laboratory of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden at Montauk, Long Island, brings an interesting species
into the local flora range, and, of course, into the flora of Long
Island.

The plant was found on the open exposed Downs about 1500
feet west of the Ditch Plain Coast Guard Station, within 100
feet of the bluff that at this point overlooks the ocean beach,
which is here about forty feet below the Downs.

While the plant is known at sea level along the cool shores
of the coast of Maine, and from mountain summits above timber-
line in the Adirondacks, and some of the higher mountains of
New England, it has never before been recorded from anywhere
on the coastal plain of the local flora area. As in the case of the
cloudberry (Rubus Chamaemorus) found in 1908, the discovery
of this Arctic-alpine species at Montauk opens up interesting
possibilities of glacial relics or bird migrations, which is also
true of the red spruce station at Orient, Long Island.

Specimens of this plant will be deposited in the herbaria of
the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and The New York Botanical
Garden.

Montauk, LONG ISLAND,

JULY 31, 1924.

ADDENDA TO ‘“‘ CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF LONG ISLAND”’
by William C. Ferguson published in the Bulletin of the Torrey
Botanical Club, May, 1924.

Isotria affinis (Austin) Rydbg.

Tsotria verticillata (Willd) Rap.

In the article referred to above the writer stated that he had
found no Isotria verticillata in the woods where he found at
widely separated points two plants of J. affinis in 1923, This
season he has found two very large and scattered colonies of
I. verticillata, but not near where J. affinis was found in these
these same woods.

HEMPSTEAD, N. Y.,
JULY, 1924.

FROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB
MEETING OF May 13, 1924

The meeting of this date was held at the American Museum
of Natural History. Mr. Beals read a communication from
Mr. Walter M. Weaver, Chairman of the Committee for Club
Cooperation at the National Outdoor Sports Exhibition at the
Grand Central Palace, N. Y., May 26-31, 1924. The letter
asked for the cooperation of the Torrey Botanical Club in the
way of exhibits and representatives—the main idea being to
spread propaganda for preserving the natural beauties of the
country. Dr. Hazen moved that the Club be represented and
that the expenditure be limited to $20. The motion, seconded
by Dr. Rydberg, was approved by the Club. The formal
program of the evening consisted of an illustrated lecture by
Dr. Ralph R. Stewart of Gordon College, Rawalpindi, India, on
“Plant Collecting in Western Tibet.’’ Dr. Stewart has been a
professor in a missionary college in Northern India since 1911
and has at times visited the arid mountainous region behind
the Great Range of the Himalaya Mountains.

Western or Little Tibet is a part politically of the Native State
of Kashmir, but the people and the country are Tibetan. The
whole country lies above 9,000 feet and is drained by the Indus
River and its tributaries. There is little cultivation because of
the lack of rain and the ruggedness of the country. There is no

forest and every village has a small plantation of willow and
poplar trees to secure a supply of poles for their flat-roofed,
adobe houses.

The chief fruit trees are the apricot, mulberry, walnut and
apple. The chief food grains are barley, buckwheat, wheat,
millet, Chenopodium, and Amaranthus. The wealth of the
people consists in their flocks of sheep, goats, and yaks. Many
of the shepherds are nomads and live a great deal of the time at
altitudes of 12,000 to 15,000 feet.

About 825 kinds of flowering plants have been reported from
this country. Many of them are alpine plants which are also
to be found in Kashmir. These are only found near melting
snow or the streams and are not typical of the flora as a whole,
which is more related to the flora of Tibet and Siberia. A
great many mesophytic weeds are common in the villages.

The commonest plants to be found near water and on the
high passes are polygonums, pinks, buttercups, corydalis, sedums,
saxifrages, potentillas, astragali, primulas, androsaces, gentians,
mints, Gallardias, and saussureas. In the deserts the chief
orders are Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminoseae, Boragi-
naceae, and Compositae. Artemisia is probably the commonest
genus in the compositae. Typical plants of the desert areas are
Ephedra Gerardiana, Eurotia ceratioides, Lepidium latifoliwm,
Christolea crassifolia, Rosa Webiana, Astragalus sp., Heracleum
sp., Acantholimon, Nepeta sp., Stachys tibetica, and Echinops
cornigerus.

About eighty plants were found at altitudes of 15,000 feet or
over. They were naturally very small as it may freeze any
night of the year at these heights. A rhubarb and Delphinium
Brunonianum were the largest of these alpines. They were
chiefly grasses, Caryophyllaceae. Cruciferae, Potentilla, Oxy-
tropis, Nepeta, and Composites. The edelweiss, Leontopodium
alpinum, the common dandelion, thyme, Chenopodium album,
Poa pratensis and Triglochin maritima are probably the plants
among these eighty that are familiar to botanists in this country.

ARTHUR A. GRAVES,
Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

On September 24th the Boyce-Thompson Institute of Plant
Research was dedicated in Yonkers. The Institute, besides
offices and well-equipped laboratories, has a variety of conserva-
tories and propagating rooms where not only the amount of
light, heat and moisture may be accurately regulated but also
the chemical composition of the air. A popular account of the
Institute is given in the Outlook of October 8th.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy celebrated its one
hundredth anniversary on October third and fourth. While
the Institute is now a technical and engineering one, it was in
its early years the most important college of natural sciences in
the country. Stephen Van Rensselaer, who founded the Insti-
tute, selected Amos Eaton to organize it, and appointed him
senior professor. Eaton was the first to introduce field work
and laboratory methods into American colleges. He attracted
men interested in natural sciences from all parts of the country
and enthused them in their work. Men trained by him founded
the departments of science in many colleges. Many of the most
eminent scientists of that time began their work under Eaton—
among them Asa Gray and John Torrey. His influence on the
education of women was very great. Women were not admitted
to Rensselaer but they attended Eaton’s public lectures and
some special courses and were taken on field trips. Among these
Jane Welsh, Almira Lincoln and Laura Johnson were among the
first women teachers and writers on botany. Eaton also estab-
lished the first popular museum of natural history in America at
Troy. Rensselaer, through its courses and through its methods,
exerted a profound influence on the sciences of botany, geology,
entomology and agriculture and on scientific education in America
America.

The National Park Service have been issuing a weekly bulletin
or leaflet with short, interesting notes on the plants and animals
of the Yosemite National Park. They have a Natural History
Museum and all visitors are requested to aid the Park Naturalist,
Ansel F. Hall, in protecting the fauna and flora from vandalism.
“Mr. Hall says that ‘each year they find it easier to protect the
flowers, and the cooperation of the Public is now becoming very
wholesome.” Of the twelve hundred species in the Park, many of
which are indigenous, perhaps the most important candidate for
extinction is the snow plant. It is rigidly protected, and many
unknown details of its reproduction are still awaiting discovery.

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of Torreya in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The ntelligencer Printing Co, Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following
rates:

4pp. Spp. I2pp./ 16pp. 20pp,| | 24pp. | 28pp. 3? 2pp. | 48pp 64pp

aaa de) capes 40 $2.45|83.65|$ 4.4019 5.65 $6.50\$ 8.00) 8.45/$12. 55/$15.90
50 1.65] 2.90] 4.25] 5.10] -6.65| 7.75) 9.40) 9.85) 14.15] 17.35

75 | 1.95] 3-35] 4.85} 5.65} 7.60) 8.75] 10.45] 11.25) 15.65) 19.95
1Q0!" 2.25 3.80, 5.35| 6.35} 8.25] 9.80] 11.55] 12.45] 17.55) 22.05
150 2.70| 4.60, 6.50]. 7.60} 10.20] 12.10] 14.20] 15.20) 21.35] 26.80
200 “ 3.00] 5.05] 7.15] 8.35] 11.40] 13.50] 15.80] 16.85] 23.55] 29.60
BOO) « 3.85 G20, 9.20] 10.70] 14.85] 17.55] 20.50] 21.05| 30.20) 37.40

‘Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 114c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00

Committees for 1924.

Finance Committee Field Committee
R. A. HARPER, Chairman. A.T. BEALS, Chairman.
J. H. BARNHART Miss JEAN BROADHURST
E. P. BICKNELL H. M. DENsSLow
Miss C. C. HAYNES G. C. FISHER

. SERENO STETSON Miss E. M. Kuprer

MiIcHAEL LEVINE
Miss Daisy LEvy
RAymMonpD H. Torrey
PERcY WILSON

Budget Committee Membership Committee

‘J. He BARNHART, Chairman. J. K. SMALL, Chairman.

R. A. HARPER T. E. HAZEN

N. L, Britton \ NoRMAN TAYLOR

H. M. DENSLOW

C. S. GAGER Local Flora Committee
M.A. Howe N. L. Britron, Chairman.

H. H. Russy
Phanerogams: Cryptogams:

E. P. BICKNELL Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
N. L. Britton A. W. Evans

Program Committee H.M.Denstow — T.E. Hazen
A. H. GRAVES, Chairman. W.C. Fercuson M.A. Howe
Mrs. E.G: Britton LupLow Griscom - MIcHAEL LEVINE
ALFRED GUNDERSEN BAYARD LONG W. A. Murrityt
T. E. Hazen K. K. MAcKENzIE — F. J. SEAVER
M. A. Howe G. E. NICHOLS

NorMAN TAYLOR

Chairmen.on Special Committees on Local Flora
Ferns and Fern Allies: R. C. Benedict — Lichens:

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.
Liverworts: A, W. Evans Richards
Fresh Water Algae: T, E. Hazen Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
Marine Algae: M. A. Howe berineae: F. J. Seaver
Gasteromycetes: G. C. Fisher Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed
Hymenomycetes: W. A. Murrill Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout
Except Russula and Lactarius: MissG. Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
. Burlingham Cook
Cortinarius: R. A. Harper Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee
Polyporeae: M. Levine Myxomycetes:
Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver hurst
a Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A monthly journal devoted to general botany, established
1870. Vol. 49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of —
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum. —
For Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soho Square,
London, are agents for England.

Of former volumes, 24~47 can be supplied separately
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers has been
reserved for the completion of sets. Single copies (40
cents) will be furnished only when not: breaking pon Be
volumes.

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memorrs, established 1880, are published at irregu-_
lar intervals. Volumes I-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application.

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Annee and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00.

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to
MISS MARY LEE MANN

171 Union Street,
Flushing, N. Y.

Vol. 24 November-December, 1924 No. 6

~TORREYA —

A Bi-MoNnTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL Notes AND News
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS

* Sketches of Travel in South America, WitLtiamM A. MurRILL ........... 91
Water Plants of the Kanawauke Lakes, Grorce T. HAsTINGS............. 93
Some Extinct or Lost and Rediscovered Plants, Part 1, P. A. RyDBERG.... 98

Shorter Articles:
The Fringed Gentian, EnizABETH G. BRITTON...............5--..-: 102
_Some Observations on Lonicera japonica, EMMA L. Kemr........-.. 103
mrmcennines Of the ;Chuba a vere Ne es yee oles ot Rie oe se ae wie 104
Index “COATS UTA: CRON 6: cae Sv IRR AC AA a Ea Tonk Re a oer ee 108

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KinG STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1924

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, Pu.D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pu.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC. GARDEN

Treasurer. -
MARY LEE MANN, A.M.
171 Union St., Flushing, N, Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN

Associate Editors

A. F. BLAKESLEE, Pu.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, AM.
ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D., Pu.D.. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu.D., Sc.D.
H. A. GLEASON, Px.D.. © M. LEVINE, Px.D. .
ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Ps.D.. ARLOW B. STOUT, Pu.D.
Bibliographer

FRED. J. SEAVER, Pu.D. Mit

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences -
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D.; Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. , There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a vear, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

‘TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE

WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

TorrEYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents.. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postal or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received oniy for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Miss Mary Lee Mann, 171 Union St., Flushing,
N.Y, pases

Matter for publication, and books. and papers for review, should be addressed

GEORGE T. HASTINGS
2567 Sedgwick Ave. :
New York City.

JAN FU 1925

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL

GARNER

TORREYA

Vol. 24 No. 6
November—December, 1924

SKETCHES OF TRAVEL IN SOUTH AMERICA
Wiut1amM A. MurriLyi
THE BOTANICAL GARDEN IN RIO

The “Van Dyck” arrived at Rio on Sunday afternoon,
January 27, and remained there until Tuesday morning, giving
the passengers time to stretch their limbs a bit and look about
the city. The place of greatest interest to me was the “Jardim
Botanico,”’ so I spent Monday morning there. Leaving the
boat at seven, after a light breakfast, I walked up the Avenida
to the Avenida Hotel and boarded a trolley which took me to
the garden without transfer in less than an hour. I gave the
conductor a 5 mil reis note, from which he extracted 400 reis
for the fare one way, or about 4cents. The route lay through a
beautiful section of this most beautiful city, passing along or
near the Avenida, the site of the recent Exposition, the harbor
with its beaches, and the base of Corcovado where so many
splendid homes are located, embowered in all the beauty of
vegetation which the Tropics afford. Finally, the car was
stopped on the Rua Jardim Botanico and I was put off at the
entrance to the garden.

At this early hour, I was the only visitor, and I enjoyed the
freshness and quiet and the singing of the birds all by myself,
while wandering around under the fine old trees and watching
the brilliant Heliconia butterflies flitting about in the sunny
spaces. Everywhere there was cool shade, and restful benches,
and pavilions, and the sound of water gurgling in brooks or
leaping in cascades from the steep sides of Corcovado. Ferns
and orchids and great climbing vines covered the ancient tree-
trunks while water-lilies and other aquatic plants adorned the
streams and ponds. Even the lowly fungi forced themselves
upon my attention in the shape of a splendid display of the green-
gilled Lepiota growing on the bank of a brook beneath a large
breadfruit tree. There were 13 fine plants in the group and

some were shedding their spores in bluish-green clouds. This
species, has been named several times from South America,
where it grows best and is sometimes eaten by the natives. Its
northern limit is Ohio, where it goes under the name of Lepiota
Morgani and is considered somewhat poisonous. The green
spores are very characteristic.

Beyond a little glass house filled with delicate ferns I saw a
laborer mowing the rough grass and stopped for a moment to
watch him work. His scythe was short and very broad, and
fixed to a long upright handle, which allowed him to stand
upright while mowing. I noticed that he stopped to whet as
often as laborers usually do, but we must remember the climate
and the peculiar toughness of this particular grass. A large,
well-filled water-jar reposed under a tree nearby. The tamancos
he wore protected only his toes, and every few minutes a pebble
or a thorn would have to be removed from some sensitive place
between the flapping soles and the moving heels. A little plant
which served for grass and did not require mowing was planted
very generously throughout the grounds, especially in deeply
shaded places. It is a very dark green, densely tufted, and has
narrow, ribbon-like leaves resembling those of Crocus or Nar-
cissus. I must get some of it for our greenhouses, because I am
sure it would make an excellent bedding plant for the bases of
palms and for spaces between trees that are planted out, being
larger and darker than any we now have for this purpose.

But the trees in this famous old garden—who shall describe
them! I am fond of trees and have watched them all my life,
but I can not do these justice. The whole garden is really a
grove of wonderful trees. The royal palms alone would make a
story. There are many of them,—some planted in long avenues
and others scattered,—and most of them over 100 feet high.
The parent of them all, now 130 feet in height, was planted by
King John VI, founder of the garden, on June 13, 1808. Mango
and breadfruit trees are likewise abundant, the latter loaded with
immense, rough fruits which keep falling and decaying, leaving
behind masses of whitish seeds. Then there are great clumps
of bamboos, rows of traveler’s trees, royal poincianas, acacias,
and trees that furnish rubber, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, cam-
phor, and other products too numerous to mention. I shall
visit the garden again on my return here in March, when I shall

live in one of the little chalets up on the side of Corcovado,
surrounded by the virgin forest.
Tue New York BoTANICcAL GARDEN,
Bronx Park, N. Y. C.

WATER PLANTS OF THE KANAWAUKE LAKES
GEORGE T. HASTINGS

The Kanawauke Lakes are a group of three small lakes between
Rockland and Orange Counties, New York, in the Bear Moun-
tain-Harriman section of the Palisades Interstate Park. Only
one of these, the First Lake, is natural. This was formerly
known as Little Long Pond. When the other lakes were formed
by damming the outlet stream in 1914 the level of the First
Lake was raised about three feet. The lakes are connected by
short channels some eight feet wide in the narrowest places.
First Lake is about half a mile long, Second and Third Lakes a
little less than one mile each. All of them are narrow and com-
paratively shallow. The current from First Lake through the
others is slight, even in spring and early summer when the water
is high, later in the season there is practically no current except
that caused by the wind. On the shores of the lakes are located
a group of some twenty camps where about ten thousand boy
scouts spend from two to eight weeks during the summer. There
is, consequently, a good deal of rowing on the lakes, while a
number of motor boats make daily trips from the headquarters
building at the junction of the Second and Third Lakes to each
of the camps.

It would seem as if the current, supplemented by the move-
ments of the boats, would have resulted during the ten years
since the dam was built in a fairly uniform distribution of the
water plants of the lakes. This is very far from being the case.
The original lake has an abundant flora, the shallower water
everywhere, including the areas submerged when the level was
raised, being crowded with plants and the new shore line bordered
uniformly by water or marsh plants. The Second Lake is almost
as well supplied with plants at the end nearest First Lake, but
further down the number both of species and individuals de-
creases. In Third Lake there are few plants, the greatest

abundance being in a bay that was a spring-fed swamp before
the lake was formed. This difference is in the number of
species and in abundance as well, only a few, such as Eleocharis
acicularis and the Mermaid-weed, Proserpinaca palustris, being
abundant in all the lakes. Thirty-seven species are found in
First Lake, twenty-four in Second Lake and sixteen in Third Lake.
All of the plants found in Second Lake are also found in First
and all those in Third are also in both Second and First Lakes.
An exception may be made in the case of Elodea,—formerly
abundant in First Lake, it seems to have entirely disappeared
from there, but has become common in Second and Third Lakes.
Fifteen of the plants found are typical shore plants, growing in
the water with the plant mostly above water, such as cattails,
burweed, pipewort, water plantain, etc. Nine of the plants
are rooted with the leaves floating or slightly raised above the
surface, as water lilies, water shield, floating heart, etc. Seven
of the plants are rooted and entirely submerged, as Elodea, most
of the pondweeds and water milfoil. Six are usually free floating
plants, as the purple and large yellow bladderworts, and duck
weed. In First Lake the new area added by the raising of the
level of the water has been occupied chiefly by the moving in
of plants formerly growing in the shallow water, so that the
plants are now growing under conditions similar to their original
ones. A few plants have seemed unable to move and are
growing under abnormal conditions. Eleocharis Robbinsi is
found only at one point along the shore, and there in water
about four feet deep, evidently where it had been growing before
the level of the water was raised. Now the flowering stems reach
only one or two inches above the surface, the submerged leaves,
about eighteen inches long, are far below. JPeltandra virginica,
though growing commonly in shallow water along shore, is also
found in places in water over three feet deep where there was
originally only aswampy margin. Water milfoil, commonly float-
ing free in great masses or rooted and the stems floating near the
surface, also grows rooted in six feet of water, with the stems never
reaching the surface.

The floating plants, or such as may break free and float,
as the purple and yellow bladderworts, Elodea and naiad are
the most abundant plants in Second and Third Lakes. The
white water lily which is abundant in First Lake was repre-

sented in Second Lake by six scattered plants (one of these was
a floating rootstalk with four leaves) and in Third Lake by two
young plants. None of these in the two lower lakes had blos-
somed in 1924 as far as could be ascertained. In this case at
least, there seems to be something either in the water or the soil
of the bottom that has prevented the plant from getting a foot-
hold, as several attempts have been made to transplant mature
plants from First Lake to the others. The yellow water lily
has succeeded better, as there were nearly a score of plants in
Second Lake and eight in Third and in each lake several of the
plants were in blossom this year. Other plants that seem es-
pecially well fitted for dispersal under the conditions, such as
the floating heart with its slender stems with clusters of roots
developed a short distance below the leaves, have not been found
in either of the lower lakes.

When the level of Little Long Pond was raised, in two places
masses of boggy soil broke loose and floated. These floating
islands, anchored by the roots of shrubs, are the only places
around the lakes where such bog plants ascranberry, round-leaved
and intermediate sundew and pitcher plants grow. Their margins
are bordered by the water loosestrife, Decodon verticillata, the
long slender stems dipping into the water where they form a thick
growth of spongy, air-holding bark, develop a few floating roots,
then rise again into the air. Occasionally this process is re-
peated a second and even a third time, the plant then con-
sisting of a series of two or three leafy loops separated by sub-
merged portions. This plant also should be easily transported
to other parts of the lakes as portions of the root bearing stems
are easily broken off and may start new clumps of the plant,
but no plants have been found anywhere around the lakes except
on the margins of these islands.

Dr. Gilbert Morgan Smith* in discussing the plankton algae of
these lakes refers to the much greater algal flora in the Second
and Third Lakes. At the time of his investigations these two
lakes “bloomed” profusely in August. Dr. Smith suggested
that as the vegetable matter submerged when the lakes were
formed gradually disappeared by decay and the water assumed
a more stable chemical condition and approached the conditions

* Gilbert Morgan Smith, Ecology of the Plankton Algae in the Palisades
Interstate Park, Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin, Vol. 23, No. 4, Feb. 1924.

of Little Long Pond the great number of Blue Green Algae

would tend to disappear. This seems to have been already

accomplished. The two lakes ‘‘bloomed”’ freely in 1921, slightly

in 1922 and not at all in 1923 or 1924. Of course there were

floating algae of various kinds in the lakes but nothing ap-

proaching the conditions of a “bloom.” In the two lower

lakes there are a few areas where considerable amounts of

Oscillatoria are found on the bottom in August but none of this

was noticeable in First Lake. If this indicates a decrease in the

amount of organic matter in the lake water and an approach

to what may be considered the normal composition, it suggests

that some plants which have not secured a foothold in these

lakes may find suitable conditions in the next few years and

become established there. That the nature of the bottom can

not be the chief restricting factor is evidenced by the abundant

growth on the submerged shores of Little Long Pond.

The plants collected during the past three years are the fol-
lowing:
PLANTS FOUND IN ALL THREE LAKES

Typha latifolia L., not abundant on any of the shores.

Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm., common on all the lakes.

Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Forma graminifolius (Fries)
Morong, common in First and Second Lakes, a few widely
scattered plants in Third Lake.

Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt. Very common in
shallow water.

Elodea canadensis Michx. Common in Second and Third Lakes,
formerly common in First Lake.

Vallisneria spiralis L. A few plants in water from two to four
feet deep in all lakes.

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. &S. Common about the shores and
in water up to a foot in depth.

Pontederia cordata L. Common about First Lake, only four
plants found on Second and one on Third Lake.

Nymphaea advena Ait. Not uncommon in First Lake, few in
the others.

Castalia odorata (Ait.) Woodville & Wood. Common in First,
few in Second and only two plants in Third Lake.

Brasenia Schreberi Gmel. Common in First Lake, a few in most
parts of Second, common near inlet of Third.

Hypericum virginicum L. Common about the shores of First
and Second, uncommon on Third Lake.

Myriophyllum scabratum Michx. Abundant in First Lake,

“common in the others.

Proserpinaca palustris L. Common about all the lakes.

Utricularia purpurea Walt. Abundant in First Lake, common
in Second, a few plants in Third Lake.

U. vulgaris L. Uncommon about all the lakes.

PLANTS FOUND IN FIRST AND SECOND LAKES

Typha angustifolia L. A few plants near shore in both lakes.

Potamogeton natans L. Few plants in First, one only found in
Second Lake.

P. zosterifolius Schumacher. Few in First Lake, one plant
found near the inlet in Second Lake.

Sagittaria longirostra (M. Michell) J. G. Sm. Not common.

Alisma Plantago-aquatica L. Not common about First Lake,
one plant found on Second.

Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton. Few plants.

Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth. Common about both lakes.

Utricularia subulata L. Uncommon.

PLANTS FOUND ONLY IN First LAKE

Equisetum fluviatile L. In marsh bay at end of lake.
Potamogeton dimorphus Raf. Few plants with submerged fruit
only.
P. filiformis Pers. Few plants.
P. interruptus L. Not uncommon.
Sagitiaria graminea Michx. Few plants, none in flower.
Eleocharis Robbinsi1 Oakes. In four feet of water near one shore.
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Common in quiet bays.
Eriocaulon articulatum (Huds.) Morong. Not common in
shallow water, sometimes in water eighteen inches deep.
Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. On margins of floating islands.
Proserpinaca pectinatus Lam. Few submerged plants.
Nymphoides lacunosum (Vent.) Fernald. Not uncommon in
water from six inches to six feet deep.
Myosotis laxa Lehm. In shallows, at end of lake.
Utricularia intermedia Hayne. Floating in company. with
myriophyllum and U. purpurea, no flowers found.
New York City.

-SOME EXTINCT OR LOST AND REDISCOVERED
; PLA rS al

While engaged in his taxonomic work on the Pea Family, the
writer came across two species, which evidently have become
extinct during the last century and a few which were lost but
have been rediscovered. The thought struck him that other
botanists might be interested in extinct and lost species, and
he has therefore planned to present some notes that might
call attention to such species and lead to the rediscovery of some
of these so-called lost species or the establishment of the fact
that they actually have become extinct within historic times.

ASTRAGALUS RosBINsII (Oakes) A. Gray

This species was described as Phaca Robbinsi in Magazine
of Horticulture edited by Hovey (7: 181, 1841). It had been
discovered in 1829 by Dr. Robbins, after whom it was named.
Oakes gives the type locality as follows: ‘‘On rocky ledges,
overflowing in the spring, on the banks of the Onion River,
Burlington, Vermont.’”’ In Zadock Thompson’s History of
Vermont there is given a list of plants of Vermont (p. 183, 1842,
and reprinted in 1853), also prepared by Oakes, in which the
type locality is given more definitely: ‘‘On a limestone ledge in
Burlington, on the banks of Winooski River, a quarter of a mile
below High Bridge, Robbins.’’ As far as the writer can find
this is the only locality in which the species has been found
and as far as can be ascertained the type station is now des-
troyed. It may be of interest to trace out its history.

In the first edition of his manual (p. 103, 1848), Dr. Gray
gave the distribution of the species as: ‘Rocky ledges of the
Onion River, near Burlington, Vermont.’’ In the second
edition (p. 98, 1856), the plant appears as Astragalus Robbinsu
A. Gray, but the distribution remained unchanged, with the
addition: ‘‘Willoughby Mountain, Mr. Blake.” This specimen
of Mr. Blake, however, belongs to a closely related species,
Astragalus Blaket Eggleston.

In the third edition (p. 98, 1862), the Willoughby locality is
omitted, and in the Addenda (p. xci), Blake’s specimens are
referred to as a form of Astragalus alpinus. This treatment
remained unchanged in the fourth edition (1863 and 1864).

In the fifth edition (p. 133, 1867-1880) the distribution is
givenas: ‘‘Rocky ledges of Onion River, at Colchester, Vermont.
Dr. Robbins (1829): the station now obliterated.’’ The type
locality is, as far as the writer has been able to ascertain, near
Burlington, but within the town of Colchester, several miles,
however, from the railroad station of the latter name. The
statement “‘now obliterated,’’ however, was apparently then
premature, for the plant has been collected later than 1867 and
1880.

In the sixth edition, the distribution given (p. 136, 1890) is
modified and reads simply: ‘Rocky ledges, Vt.”’ This would
indicate that other localities might have been found in the
meantime, but I can find no evidence to that effect.

In the new Gray’s Manual (p. 516, 1908) edited by Robinson
and Fernald, the distribution is again thus restricted: ‘“‘ Rocky
Ledges of the Winooski R., Vt. (station now extinct).’’ As
Onion River and the Winooski are the same, the distribution
given is identical with that in the fifth edition of Gray’s Manual,
and was at this time evidently according to facts.

This is in short the history of the plant as given in the several
editions of our oldest manual of the Northeastern United States.
Let us, however, see what light other publications show on the
subject.

In Wood’s Classbook (p. 229) at least between 1851 and 1856,
the distribution is copied from the first edition of Gray’s Manual.
In the later editions (p. 318) from 1863-1881, it was given
as: ‘“‘Ledges by rivers and lakes, northern Vt., rare,’”’ and in
the Botanist and Florist (p. 94, 1889) as “‘ Rocky shores, Vip!
In all cases very indefinite.

In Archives of Science for Jan—Apr., 1873, Perkins also adds
to the distribution: “It has also been found by Mr. C. C.
Frost on the Willoughby Mountain, &c.’”’ These specimens
belong to A. Blaket.

In Perkins’ Catalogue of the Flora of Vermont (p. 19, 1888)
I find: ‘‘Near Burlington; also Hartland, and near Hanover,
N.H.” The last two localities refer to A. Jesupzi.

In Britton & Brown’s Illustrated Flora, first edition (2: 304,
1897), the authors gave the distribution as Vermont and
New Hampshire, but they included in it also A. Jesupi and
probably A. Blakei. Dr. Britton in his Manual, in both editions

100

(p. 553, 1901 and 1907), gives the same distribution, though
in the appendix of the second edition, he admits A. Jesupi as
a species. In the second edition of the Illustrated Flora (2:
381, 1913), the distribution is corrected, reading: ‘Known
only from rocky ledges of the Winooski River, Vermont, station
now obliterated and the species extinct, unless inhabiting some
undiscovered locality.”’

In the Flora of Vermont by Brainerd, Jones and Egslesren (p.
54, 1900), the following remarks are found: ‘On limestone
rocks, near High Bridge, Winooski River, Burlington. This, the
only station in Vermont,! was destroyed in 1894 by the set back
of the dam of the Vermont Electric Power Company.” This
was repeated verbatim in Eggleston, Kirk and Underwood’s
Flora of Vermont (Vermont Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 187: 217,
IQI5).

In her Flora of Burlington and Vicinity, Nellie F. Flynn
(p. 53, 1911) made a similar statement: ‘‘On limestone rocks,
Winooski Gorge (Robbins). This, the only known station in
Vermont, was destroyed in 1894 when the new dam flooded the
rocks,

The writer takes the liberty to cite the following from a letter
received from Mr. Eggleston. ‘‘The statement in the two
editions of the Vermont Flora and Mrs. Flynn’s Flora covers
the situation of Astragalus Robbinsit.”’ ‘‘L. R. Jones with his
students searched carefully for other localities and found none.”’
““C. G. Pringle rediscovered the station some time in the seventies
and he knew only the locality in the base of Colchester Gorge,
where Jones and I collected it later. Wrong interpretations of
the labels of earlier collections are to blame for the idea that
Astragalus Robbinsit was found outside the gorge.”’

The history of the plant may also be traced from specimens
in herbaria. My research in this line has been limited to the
herbaria of The New York Botanical Garden, Columbia Uni-
versity, Harvard University, and the New England Botanical
Club. I have written to the University of Vermont at Burlington
during the summer vacation but have not yet received any
answer. All specimens of the true Phaca or Astragalus Robbinsi1 |
seen are labelled, ‘‘Near Burlington,” ‘Colchester,’ ‘‘High

1 They could just as well have left out the words “in Vermont,”’ for it has
never been found elsewhere.

101

Bridge,’”’ or ‘‘on Winooski River,’’ which all practically mean
the type locality or very near to it, and probably were included
in the flooded area. The collections contained specimens gathered
by the following botanists: Robbins, in 1829; Oakes and Cary in
1841; Pringle in 1875, 1877, and 1878; Brainerd in 1878; Grout
in 1891, and Jones & Eggleston in 1893. I have seen no speci-
mens collected after 1894.

As stated before, the original record of specimens collected
on Willoughby Mountain by Blake was erroneous, for the
specimens do not belong to A. Robbinsti.. Gray noticed the error
but made another error in referring it to A. alpinus. Eggleston
in 1895 described a new species A. Blaket, including among others
Blake’s specimens and naming it after that collector. Even
since this species was described, many have mistaken the two.
While visiting the Gray Herbarium last year the visitor forgot
to consult the collection of the New England Botanical Club,
and therefore sent in an inquiry. Miss Sanderson, librarian of
the Gray Herbarium, kindly informed me that there were two
sheets in the New England Botanical Club herbarium, labelled
A. Robbinsi, collected by Churchill in 1897. She also sent these
to the writer. They turned out to be, as was suspected, A.
Blakei. The latter has been collected by quite a number of
persons at different stations in the Willoughby Mountain
region, and also on St. John’s River in Maine by Miss Furbish
and in Labrador by S. R. Butler.

As to the Hartland, Vt., and Hanover, N. H., stations, men-
tioned in Perkins’ Catalogue, they refer to Jesup’s specimens,
which, together with Egeleston’s own, became the basis for A.
Jesupi (Eggleston & Sheldon) Britton. The latter is a closely
related and very local species. To the two localities mentioned
above should be added, Summers Falls, Plainfield, N. H., all
three in the Connecticut River Valley.

From the preceding may be concluded that as far as we know
Astragalus Robbinsii has become extinct and by the action of
man. If any botanist should find the plant or has any record
of having found it outside of the destroyed area, or since 1894,
it would be of general interest if made known.

P. A. RYDBERG

102

SHORTER ARTICLES

THE FRINGED GENTIAN.—Gentiana crinita Froel.—Much has
been written about this beautiful but elusive American wild
flower, and information about its life history and peculiar habits
and habitats is being acquired, so that it will be possible to
cultivate it and bring it back to the places where it used to be
native and abundant. It has been well-established that it is
a biennial and there seems to be some ground for the statement
that it thrives best where there is lime in the soil, and sufficient
moisture so that the seedlings do not become too dry. It has
also been definitely shown that early frosts often kill the plants
before they can scatter seeds, so that it disappears or becomes
scarce for several seasons, but if a few plants remain to form seed,
it will reappear in the same locality after a year or two of absence.
It ranges from Quebec to Georgia along the Atlantic coastal
plain and westward to Minnesota and Iowa in the Mississippi
Valley, and grows in wet meadows on the borders of streams and
lakes where the soil is moist but not too wet or swampy.

Perhaps the most successful replanting has been done by
Dr. George F. Norton of Pleasantville, N. Y. In October, 1906,
he collected seeds near Stanwich, Conn. and sowed them at
once near his home in Westchester County. Some of the seed
he kept over the winter but has reason to believe that the fresh
seed germinates more readily. Having established the plant
near his home, he has continued to plant it in different places
from Bedford Hills to Valhalla and from Danbury, Conn. to
the Hudson and distributed seeds to many other places.

Mrs. Caspar T. Sharpless of Camden, N. J. has established it
at her summer home near Mt. Pocono, Penn. and grown plants
three feet high with over 100 blossoms. Miss E. R. Kennaday
of Mendham, N. J. has sown seed in Bergen Co., N. J. and
Dutchess Co., N. Y. The former director of the Buffalo Bot-
anic Garden—John F. Cowell—had grown fringed gentian
successfully for six years and sent some to the N. Y. Botanical
Garden. We have tried growing it in pots and sowing it
braodcast in favorable localities. The plants sown in pots
quickly become pot-bound, and when transplanted, the roots
are injured so that the plants are stunted and rarely grow

103

more than a rosette of leaves. So it seems definitely proven
that the only way to have fringed gentians is to sow them in
favorable spots where they will not be trampled, cut off or
carried away. And it is particularly to be desired that the
earliest blossoms be left to form seed, as the later ones may be
nipped by frost and fail to do so.
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON
New York BOTANICAL GARDEN.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON LONICERA JAPONICA THUNB.
(JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE)

The great variety of color and the fragrance of blossoms are,
doubtless, responsible for most people’s interest in plants. But
in spite of the variety, the color of a given blossom usually
remains the same throughout its life and those most highly
colored often lack fragrance. So a fragrant blossom which
turns from white to pale yellow and then to deeper shades is of
special interest.

How long does this color change in Lonicera japonica take?
Does the time vary and if so, what makes it vary? To try to
answer these questions, observations were made on 42 blossoms
in 13 groups of 2, 3, or 4 blossoms each. The plant on which
they grew was about fifteen feet high, growing against a dead tree.
For the lower five feet it spread to a width of about 10 feet.
Observations extended over a period of six days and were made
at first approximately at 7:45 A.M.,1:45 and 7:45 P.M. There
was practically no rainfall during this period and the temperature
varied from 67 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit indoors.

No changes occurred from 7:45 P.M. to 7:45 A.M., few changes
occurred from 7:45 A.M. to 1:45 P.M., most changes occurred
from 1:45 to 7:45 P.M. Blossoms that opened one afternoon
turned pale yellow the next. In only one case was there a change
from white to yellow in the morning, but once having turned
yellow they often turned to darker shades of yellow in the
morning.

It was found that the time in which the blossoms change
from white to deepest yellow varies, being shorter when the
temperature is higher.

104

Time required for Highest Lowest Average
No. of blossoms change temperature temperature temperature
4 48 hours 82 73 75
8 CON 82 71 75
2 66 * a 67 73
28 (eas 76 67 73

All temperature readings were made indoors.
Observations were made at Cold Spring Harbor from July 25
to 30, 1924.
Emma L. KEMP
LINCOLN HiGH SCHOOL,
Jersey City, N. J.

PROCEEDINGS OF DHE CLUB

MEETING OF MAy 28, 1924

On this date a joint all-day meeting of the Club and several
other societies and individuals interested in the conservation of
our native wild plants was held at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

The following were elected to membership in the Club at this
TeCHMg |e

Mr. Edward J. Alexander, 664 West 179th Street, N. Y. City.

Mr. John E. F. Hellawell, 362 Dean Street, Brooklyn.

Mr. Roland Jackson Hunter, 636 High St., Newark, N. J.

Mr. William H. Zaun, Jersey City, N. J.

In the morning Miss Ellen Eddy Shaw spoke on the work of
her department in the Children’s Gardens. After her lecture
in the Laboratory Building, the visitors were conducted to the
Children’s Gardens in the southern part of the Garden, where
Miss Shaw explained the methods of instruction.

In the afternoon the report was received of the Committee on
Conservation of Native Plants appointed last May at a similar
meeting at the Garden. The committee appointed at that time
was as follows: Dr. R. C. Benedict, of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, Chairman, representing the American Fern Society;
Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, of the American Museum of Natural
History, from the New York Bird and Tree Club; Dr. Homer
D. House, of the New York State Museum, from the Wild Flower
Preservation Society of America; and Dr. M. A. Howe, of the
New York Botanical Garden, from the Torrey Botanical Club,
and also Attorney Augustus O. Bourne, Jr.

105

In his report, Dr. Benedict stated that for the present the
most practicable way to gain legal protection seemed to be the
insertion of the word ‘Plants’’ in the Private Parks section of
the State Conservation law. This amendment has been passed
by the New York State Senate, but not by the Assembly. Dr.
Homer D. House, New York State Botanist, also spoke in favor
of legislation and showed lantern slides of some of the species
needing protection.

In the general discussion which followed the consensus of
opinion was that the most effective way to create popular senti-
ment in favor of plant conservation is through education,
particularly by instruction of the children in the elementary
and secondary schools. Mrs. Francke, of the North Country
Garden Club, Long Island, reported that placards placed along
the roads in the north shore region of Long Island asking
passersby to spare the dogwood, had evidently been respected
and had produced a very favorable result.

Dr. Benedict stated that the most practicable present method
by which our native wild plants can be saved is through initiative
of private individuals who will take steps to establish small
sanctuaries or private parks where the chief emphasis is on the
protection of wild flowers and their propagation with a view to
reestablishing them in wider areas. The question of wild plant
propagation should make a fascinating hobby, and many
species are not difficult of reproduction, as has already been
demonstrated. For example, it has been proved to be per-
fectly feasible to reestablish the fringed gentian merely by
scattering carefully collected seeds.

The committee was reelected for the ensuing year and increased
by the following members: Mrs. E. G. Britton, Honorary
Curator, New York Botanical Garden; Mrs. Francke, repre-
senting the Long Island zone of the Garden Clubs of America;
and Dr. Arthur H. Graves, Curator of Public Instruction,
Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

On the resignation of Dr. Benedict from the chairmanship,
Dr. G. Clyde Fisher was appointed chairman for the ensuing
year.

The following organizations were invited to send official dele-
gates to this meeting: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York
Botanical Garden, Federated Garden Clubs of New York State,

106

Nationa! Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild, American Scenic and
Historic Preservation Society, Horticultural Society of New

York..
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,

Secretary.

MEETING OF OCTOBER 14, 1924

The meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History.

The resignation of Dr. W. A. Murrill was accepted with regret.

The following were elected to membership:

Mr. S. T. Marcus, 260 West 36th St., New York.

Miss Norine W. Boetsch, 29 Bronx River Rd., Yonkers, N. Y.

Mr. Walter J. Himmell, State Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Ia.

Miss Gertrude M. Felke, 1761 Topping Ave., New York.

Miss Johanna Oppenheimer, 191 Claremont Ave., New York.

Miss Caroline Halsted, 400 West 151st St., New York.

Professor Richards announced the resignation of Dr. Denslow
as Editor of the Torrey Bulletin and the appointment by the
chair of Dr. T. E. Hazen as Editor. On the motion of Professor
Harper this appointment was duly ratified by the Club.

Dr. Harper spoke briefly on the August meeting of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science at Toronto.
He reported the finding of an albino form of Verbena hastata
of which he brought back seed. One of the most enthusiastic
discussions at the British meeting centered about the nature of
sap flow. Dr. Dixon believed that both the upward and down-
ward flow occurs in the xylem and is.a staunch advocate of the
cohesion theory. Dr. Curtis concluded that both upward and
downward flow of the sap occur in the phloem.

Dr. Harper also reported finding Ustilago violacea, the anther
smut, on Silene caroliniana, a southern form of the species
about here (S. pennsylvanica) and growing near Washington,
D. C. This fungus is particularly interesting in view of re-
searches of Dr. B. O. Dodge, soon to be published.

Dr. Gager reported the finding, on a small island in Belgrade
Lake, Maine, of a vigorous colony of Marchantia polymorpha
three yards wide by four yards long, covered plentifully with the
tiny umbrella-like structures, both male and female. Dr.
Levine stated that formerly great patches of this hepatic existed
in the Bear Mountain region.

107

Dr. Howe reported the collection, by Dr. W. R. Taylor, of
about 230 species of algae from the vicinity of the Dry Tortugas
near Key West. Dr. Swingle also sent in some interesting species
of fossil calcareous algae from the Salton Sea region during the
summer.

Dr. Graves reported the finding by Mr. Norman Taylor,
during the summer, of Empetrum nigrum at Montauk, Long
Island. The abundance of the Post Oak, Quercus stellata, and
occurrence of the Chestnut Oak, Q. prinus, on Hunter’s Island
were also noted. The secretary also spoke of an interesting
region for botanizing, located at the base of the Palisades about
opposite 150th St. on an area of flat land jutting out into the
Hudson where ballast plants are plentiful.

Dr. Gager reported a large tree Lilac (Syringa japonica ?) at
Kiseena Park, Flushing, also Cornus Kousa with an abundance
of fruit, and recommended the region for a future field trip of
the Club.

Dr. Levine stated that he had obtained good material of
Russula near Ithaca during the summer, suitable for sectioning
for further work in the development of the Hymenomycetes.

Mr. Hastings showed interesting sheets of plants collected
near Grassy Sprain Reservoir, Yonkers. Variation in size,
shown on each sheet, was caused by the submergence of some of
the seeds for shorter or longer periods, delaying their germination,
and thus shortening the period to flowering.

Dr. Hazen spent most of the summer at Woods Hole and
reported the successful cultivation of unicellular algae. He also
noted the sporadic occurrence of Polystichum Braunii along the
Monroe Sky-line Trail in the Green Mountains.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

DATES OF (PUBLICATION “OF TORREYA

No. 1. Jan.—Feb. Pages 1-16 Issued 25 Feb. 1924
No. 2. Mar.—Apr. ‘17-38 Teor. LOLA
No. 3. May—~June ~ 39-54. ‘25 June 1924
No. 4. July—Aug. “55-70 “< 91 Aug. 1924
No. 5. Sept.—Oct. “71-90 iin OG ay TO2K.
No. 6. Nov.—Dec. Sor rr Pi eTee. “POZA

108

INDEX TO VOLUME TWENTY-FOUR

(The names of species and varieties described as new are in bold faced

type.)

Abama montana, 86; americana, 87

Abies balsamea, 28; Pindrow, 43

Acantholimon, 89

Accidium Apocyni, 27

Acer platanoides, 23, 26, 72; rubrum,
22, 26, 29, 79; saccharum, 72

Acetabula sulcata vulgaris, 19

Acnida tuberculata, 26

Acorus Calamus, 25

Addenda to Contributions to the
Flora of Long Island, 88

Adiantum, 84

Aegopodium Podograria variegatum,

Aesculus parviflora, 81; Pavia, 81

Agrostis alba, 24

Ailanthus glandulosa, 23, 26, 35

Akebia quinata, 25

Aleuria aurantia, 19; repanda, 22

Alisma Plantago-aquatica, 97

Allen, C. E., 62

Allium, 64.

Alpine Plants of Kashmir, 41

Alsine canadensis, 31

Alternaria Solani, 24

Amanita muscaria, 47; phalloides, 47

Amaranthus caudatus, 31

Amelanchier canadensis, 23

Anchistea virginica, 28

Andropogon scoparius, 28

Anemone, 44; virginiana, 72

Antennaria neodoica, 75

Anthoceros, 65

Anthurium, 84

Apocynum androsaemifolium, 27;
medium, 71

Aposphaeria nucicola, 25; Putamium,
25

Apteria, 84

Aquelegia canadensis, 72

Arabis lyrata, 31

Araucaria excelsa, 63

Arctium minus, 26, 72

Arenaria canadensis, 31

Aristida tuberculosa, 28, 72

Arceuthobium minutissimum, 44

Aristolochia macrophylla, 73

Artemisia, 44; Absinthium, 32

Arthur, J. C., New Combinations, 52

Asarum, 79

Ascobolus Crouani, 22

Ascochyta Dianthi, 25; Philadelphia,
25; Pisi, 26

Aspergillus candidus, 22
Asplenium, 44, 84
Aster Herveyi, 75; paniculata acu-
tidens, 75
Astragalus, 44, 89; alpinus, 98;
Blakei, 99; Jesupi, 99; Robbinsii,
8

9
Azalea, 82; viscosa, 8

Baccharis halimifolia, 23, 30

Bachira alba, 66

Ball, O. M., 5

Bannwart, Carl, 34

Beals, A. T., 13, 37

Beebe, William, 14

Benedict, R. C., 67, 104

Berry, Edward W., A Cucurbitaceous
Fruit from the Tertiary of Texas,
5; A Fossil Celtis from Colombia,
44; Ophioglossum hastatiforme not
an Ophioglossum, 49

Betula lutea, 27; populifolia, 24, 27;
utilis, 43

Blackman, V. H., 68

Blakeslee, A. F., 16 .

Blastenia ferruginea discolor, 30

Bog-asphodel from the Mountains, A
New, 86

Book reviews, IT, 33, 52, 58

Botanical Garden in Rio, The, 91

Boyce-Thompson Institute of Plant
Research, 90

Bourne, Augustus O., 104

Brasenia Schreberi, 96

Brassica oleracea gemmifera, 22;
Rapa, 73

Britton, Mrs. Elizabeth G., 35, 105;
A Trip to El Yunque, Porto Rico,
83; The Fringed Gentian, 102

Britton, N. L., 14, 16, 66

Bromus hordeaceus, 71

Brown, H. N., 10

Brunella, 44

Brunonianum, 89

Budhamia rubiginosa, 22

Bulbous Bluegrass, 7

Burnham, Stewart H., and Roy A.
Latham, The Flora of the Town of
Southold, Long Island and Gar-
diner’s Island, New York, 22

Calcophysoides balli, 5; brevipes, 7
California Bigtree, 68

109

Callirhoe involucrata, 74.

Calopogon pulchellus, 12

Calycanthus, 82

Camarosporium Berkleyanum, 26;
subfenestratum, 26

Campylopus, 84

Capsella, 44

Carex abscondita, 72; Asa-Grayi, 72;
canescens disjuncta, 71; flexuosa,
71; Howei, 31; hystricina, 72;
retroflexa, 31; scoparia canadensis,
72; stamineum, 72; tenuiflora, 72

Carya glabra, 23, 25, 27

Caryospora Putamium, 2

Castalia odorata, 96

Cedrus deodara, 43

Celtis Bolivarensis, 45; occidentalis,
27, 46; tala, 46

Celtis from Colombia, A Fossil, 44

Cenchrus, 45

Centaureum, 51

Cercospora Symplocarpi, 24; varia, 24

Chaetomium elatum, 23

Chelone glabra, 27

Chenopodium album, 89; murale, 31

Chlamydomonas, 13

Christolea crassifolia, 89

Cladosporium epimyces, 25

Clastobryum trichophyllus, 85

Clathroptychium rugulosum, 22

Claytonia virginica, 3

Clethra alnifolia, 24, 27

Clitocybe illudens, 47

Cockerell, T. D. A., A Genuine Fossil
Ophioglossum, 10; A Yellow Va-
riety of Eustoma, 50

Coldenia, 15

Colorado Springs Maintaining a Tree
Nursery for Highway Planting, 54

Commelinantia Pringlei, 52

Cordia, 15

Coreopsis rosea, 32; tinctoria, 75

Cornus Amomum, 31; Kousa, 107

Corydalis, 44

Corsinia Marchantoides, 65

Cotoneaster, 44

Coulter, J. M., 68

Cowell, John F., 102

Crataegus coccinea, 54; Crus-galli,
23, 24, 54

Cribraria rufa, 22

Crocker, William, 16, 68

Cronartium cerebrum, 27;
toniae, 27

Croton Alabamensis, 81; Scouleri, 15

Crowberry at Montauk, Long Island,
87

Cucurbitaceous Fruit from the Ter-
tiary of Texas, A, 5

Cudoniella marcida, 23

comp-

Cup Fungiof Common Occurrence, 17
Curtis, D. F., 68

Cydonia japonica, 27

Cyperus erythrorhizus, 72
Cypripedium hirsutum, 12

Dacryomyces abietinus, 29; de-
liquescens, 28; minor, 29; roseus,
25; stellatus, 29; sp. 29

Dactylis glomerata, 44

Danaea coloradensis, 49

Date Pollen, Viability of, 34

Decodon verticillata, 95

Delphinium Brunonianum, 89

Denslow, H. M., 12, 37, 106

Desmodium, 28

Dianthus Armeria, 25

Diaporthe Baccharidis, 23; oncos-
toma, 23

Diatrype asterostoma, 23; bullata,
23; fibritecta, 23; Maclurae, 2

Dickson, B. T., 68

Dicranum montanum, 30

Digitaria eriantha, 8; henryi, 9;
iburua, 9; nodosa, 9; puberula, 9

Dinemosporium hispidulum herba-
rum, 26

Dioscorea villosa, 26

Diplachne fasicularis, 72

Diplotaxis muralis, 73

Discosia Artocreas, 26; faginea, 26;
Platani, 26

Dixon, H. H., 68

Dondia maritima, 72

Dowding, 68

Dryopteris cristatum (lintoniana, 72

Dulichium arundinaceum, 28, 97

Earlia speciosa, 27

Echinochloa Walteri, 27

Echinops cornigerus, 89

Echium vulgare, 31

Elaphoglossum, 84

Elaphrium graveolens, 15

Eleagnus argentea, 74

Eleocharis acicularis, 96; Robbinsii,

97
Elodea, 96
Empetrum nigrum, 87, 107
Ephedra Gerardiana, 89
Eragrostis cilianensis, 15
Erickson, Elsie E., and Frank C.
Gates, Swamp and Bog Plants,
Iris versicolor, 55
Erysiphe graminis, 23
Eurhynchium rusciforme, 30
Eupatorium album, 32
Eurotia ceratioides, 89
Eustoma andrewsii, 51;
anum, f. flaviflorum. 50

russelli-

IIo

Eustoma, A Yellow Variety of, 50
Eutypa ludibunda, 23
Eutypella constellata, 23; glandulosa,

Evans, A. W., 57

Evonymus atropurpurea, 74

Extinct or Lost and Rediscovered
Plants, Some, 98

Fagus grandifolia, 26

Faris, James A., 67

Ferguson, William C, Addenda to
Contributions to the Flora of Long
Island, 88

Festuca Shortii, 31

Filipendula rubra, 74

Filix Fragilis, 72

Fisher, G. Clyde, 104

Fissidens polypodioides, 84

Fistulina hepatica, 47

Flora of the Town of Southold, Long
Island and Gardiner’s Island, New
York, 22

Fomes lucidus, 29

Fossombronia longiseta, 65

Fraxinus americana, 28; var. aeci-
diosa, 75

Fringed Gentian, The, 102

Francke, Mrs., 105

Fungi at Woodstock, New York, 47

Gager, C. Stewart, 106

Galinsoga, 44

Galium aparine, 44; mollugo, 72;
verum, 72; trifidum pusillum, 75

Gates, Frank C.,and Elsie E. Erick-
son, Swamp and Bog Plants, Iris
versicolor, 55

Gentiana, 44; linearis, 13; lutea, 51

Genuine Fossil Ophioglossum, A, 10

Geranium maculatum, 3

Gesneria, 85

Gleason, H. A., 35

Gleditsia triacanthos, 23

Gloeosporium fructigenum, 25

Glomerella cingulata, 25

Glyceria canadensis, 31

Gossypium Darwinii, 15; Klotzchi-
anum, I5

Graham, Margaret A., 64

Graves, Arthur H., 66, 105

Grier, N. M., Unreported Plants from
Long Island, 71

Gunderson, A. L., 35

Gyromitra esculenta, 19

Halesia carolina, 75

Haplosporella Bignonea, 26; Dulca-
mara, 26

Harper, R. A., 106

Harper, Roland M., A New Heart-
leaf from Alabama, 77

Harris, J. Arthur, 16, 71

Harrison, Hyslop, 68

Hastings, George T., 37 Spring
Flowers in Winter, 1; New York
Walk Book, Review, 11; Linnaeus,
The Story of His Life, Review,
33; Pennsylvania Trees, Review,
52; Lumber and its Uses, Review,
58; Water Plants of the Kana-
wauke Lakes, 93

Hazen, Tracy E., 13, 106, 107

Heart-leaf and Other Interesting
Plants from Alabama, A New, 77

Heliopsis helianthoides, 32

Helminthosporium obclavatum, 25

Helvella crispa, 19; elastica, 23

Hemiragis aurea, 85

Hemitrichia vesparium, 22

Hendersonia Desmazieri, 26

Hepatica triloba, I

Heracleum, 89

Heterosporium gracile, 25

Hexastylis speciosa, 80; arifolia, 79

Hieracium canadense, 72

Hill, Helen Smith, and Norman
Taylor, Crowberry from Montauk,
Long Island, 87

Hillia parasitica, 84

Holliday, Gail H., 71

Homalia glabella, 84

Hollick, Arthur, 10

Hookeria acutifolia, 85

Hookeriopsis acicularis, 85

House, Homer D., 104

Howe, M. A., 13, 37, 104, 107

Hutchinson, A. H., 68

Huxley, J. S., 68

Hypnum repandum, 47

Hydrangea quercifolia, 81

Hymenodium crinitum, 85

Hymenophyllum, 84; polyanthos, 85

Hypericum virginicum, 96

Hypholoma perplexum, 47

Hypomyces chrysospermus, 23

Hysterium angustatum, 23

Hysterographium Mori, 23; Putami-
um, 24

Iburru, 9

Ilex coriacea, 82

Illicium, 78; Floridanum, 81

Illick, Pennsylvania Trees, Review,
52

Illosporium roseum, 25

Impatiens noli-tangere, 74

Ipomea Jalapa, 40; leptophylla, 40;
pandurata, 39

Iris versicolor, 28, 55

Isaria farinosa, 25
Isodrepanium lentulum, 85
Isotria affinis, 88; verticillata, 88

Jackson, Benjamin Dayton, Lin-
naeus, The Story of His Life,
Review, 33

Jasione montana, 32

Jeffrey, E. C., 6

Juglans nigra, 31

Juncus, 44; dichotomus, 24; Greenei,
72

Juniperus virginiana, 22, 23, 25, 26,
28, 30

Kalmia latifolia, 27, 35, 78

Kaufman, Miss Pauline, 13

Kelley, Arthur P., Myrica Caro-
linensis, New to Chester County,
Pa,, 51

Kellogg, R. S., Lumber and Its
Uses, Review, 58

Kemp, Miss Emma L.. Some Obser-
vations on Lonicera japonica, 103

Kennaday, Miss E. R., 102

Keyte, J. A., 10

Kingsbury, John A., 47

Lechnocaulon anceps, 81

Laciniaria polyphylla, 81

Lactuca canadensis montana, 32;
sagittifolia, 32

Lantana, I5

Latham, Roy A., and Stewart H.
Burnham, The Flora of the Town
of Southold, Long Island and
Gardiner’s Island, New York, 22

Lathyrus latifolia, 72

Lecanora ferrugineum discolor, 30

Ledum groenlandicum, 74

Lenzites betulina, 30

Leontopodium alpinum, 44, 89

Leonurus, 44

Leotia chlorocephala, 23

Lepidium, 27; latifolium, 89

Lepiota Morgani, 92

Leptostroma herbarum, 26; Pinastri,
26

Leptostromella hysterioides, 24

Leucobryum crispum, 84; Marti-
anum, 84

Leucoloma serrulatum, 84

Levine, Michael, 107

Lewis, F. J., 68

Lilium philadelphicum, 72

Limosella aquatica tenuifolia, 72

Linnaeus, The Story of His Life,
Review, 33

Linum medium, 31

Lithothamnion polymorphum, 22

Lloyd, F. E., 68

Lonicera japonica, 26; sempervirens,
72

Lonicera japonica, Some Observa-
tions on, 103

Lophodermium
migenum, 24

Lumber and Its Uses, R. S. Kellogg,
Review, 58

Lychnis dioica, 71

Lycopodium, 84; tristachyum, 30

Lycopus membranaceus, 72; vir-
ginicus, 27

Lyonia ligustrina, 29

Lysimachia quadrifolia, 83

arundinaceum cul-

McAtee, Trilisa on the Market, 50

Macdougal, D. T., 68

Macromitrium mucronifolium, 84

Magnolia glauca, 77; macrophylla,

81; splendens, 84

Malaxis unifolia, 37

Man-of-the-Earth or Wild Potato

Vine, 39

Mann, Miss Mary Lee, 37

Marchantia polymorpha, 106

Matricaria suaveolens, 75

Massart, Jean, 63

Medsger, Oliver Perry, The Man of
the Earth or Wild Potato Vine, 39

Megacarpea polyandra, 44

Meibomia Dillenii, 28

Melanconiella Decoraensis, 24

Mentha citrata, 32, 75

Merriman, Mabel L., 65

Metasphaeria defodiens, 24

Meteoropsis remotifolia, 85

Millegrana Radiola, 74

Mirabilis Jalapa, 73

Montauk, The Vegetation of, 35

Morchella esculenta, 18

Moss, Mr., 68

Muhlenbergia sylvatica, 28

Murrill, W. A., 13; Fungi at Wood-
stock, 47; Sketches of Travel in
South America, 91

Mycena haematopa, 30

Myosotis laxa, 97

Myrica Carolinensis, New to Chester
County, Pa., 51

Myriophyllum scabratum, 197; tenel-
lum, 31

Myxosporium subviridi, 25

Nabalus trifoliatus, 72
Najas flexilis, 96

Nepeta, 44

Neuroterus noxiosus, 22
Neviusia Alabamensis, 81
New Combinations, 52

II2

Newbold, Patty Thum, Notes on
Some Foreign Crab Grasses, 8
New Members—
Abbott, B. R., 64
Alexander, Edward J., 104
Biddle, Miss M. Georgina, 62
Boetsch, Miss Norine W.,106
Carr, Miss Helen, 34
Cheney, R. H., 59
Chrysler, M. A., 62
Clark, Miss Mary A., 62
Crocker, Dr. William, 64
Deusner, Charles W., 67
Eggerdink, Miss Anna G., 36
Felke, Miss Gertrude M., 106
Halsted, Miss Caroline, 106
Hellawell, John E. F., 104
Himmel, Walter J., 106
Hunter, Roland Jackson, 104
Larkin, E. P., 12
Marcus, S. T., 106
Metcalfe, Fred C., 36
Muller, Mrs. Frances L., 62
Nicholson, Miss Zaida, 12
Oppenheimer, Miss Johanna, 106
Peckham, Mrs. Wheeler, 14
Rogers, Miss Eunice, 64
Wright, S. Fred, 64
Zaun, William H., 104.
News Notes, 16, 54, 68, 90
New York Walk Book, Torrey, Place
and Dickenson, Review, II
Nigredo Hedysari-paniculati, 28; pro-
eminens, 52
Nordheim, H., 36
Norton, George, 102
Notes on Some Foreign Crab Grasses,

Nymphaea advena, 96
Nymphoides lacunosum, 31, 97
Nymphozanthus advena, 31
Nyssa biflora, 79; sylvatica, 27

Octadesmia montana, 85

Oenothera, 22

Oleander articulata, 84

Olfersia cernua, 85

Onobrychis onobrychis, 48; sativa,
49; viciaefolia, 49
noclea sensibilis, 28

Opdyke, William S., 12

Ophioglossum hastatiforme, 10;
pendulum, 11; A Genuine Fossil
Ophioglossum, 10; Ophioglossum
hastatiforme not an Ophioglossum,

Ophrys cordata, Ba
rbilia vinosa, 23

Orthotrichum Schimperi, 30; stran-
gulatum, 30

Oscillatoria, 96
Oxydendrum arboreum, 74, 78

Pachysandra procumbens, 74

Panicum abysinicum, 8; matta-
muskeetinse, 31; microcarpon, 72;
parviflorum, 9; royleanum, 9;
uniglume, 9; Wrightianum, 24, 31

Parkinsonia, 15

Paspalum exile, 9

Peacock, A. A., 68

Pedicularis, 44

Peltandra virginica, 94, 97

Pennsylvania Trees, Review, 52

Perilla frutescens, 75

Peronospora Arthurii, 22

Persea Pieris nitida, 82; pubescens, 82

Persicaria caryi, 72; pennsylvanica,

2; punctata leptostachyum, 73

Peziza repanda, 19

Phaca Robbinsii, 98

Phaseolus lunatus, 26

Phellodendron, 35

Phialea Aspegrrenii, 23

Philadelphus coronarius, 25

Phoma glandicola, 26; Mariae, 26;
subcircinata, 26; Syringae, 26

Phomopsis depressa, 26; epicarpa, 26

Phragmidium speciosum, 27

Phyllachora Agrostidis, 24; puncta,
24

Phyllactinia corylea, 24

Phyllocoptes quadripes, 22

Phyllogonium fulgens, 85

Phyllosticta Amaranthi, 26; Lappae,
27; latifoliae, 27; Nyssae, 27;
Smilacina, 27

Physalis viscosa, 75

Physalospora thyoides, 24

Picea excelsa, 72

Pilotrichella flexilis, 85

Pinguicula elatior, 83; pumila, 83

Pinus excelsa, 43; longifolia, 41;
rigida, 26, 27, 29, 54; serotina, 78;
Strobus, 26; Taeda, 79

Piper, Chas. V., Bulbous Bluegrass, 7

Plantago, 44; Rugelii, 25

Platanus occidentalis, 26, 29

Platygyrium repens, 30

Pleurogramme minor, 85

Pleurotus approximans, 30; niger, 30;
ostreatus, 25; striatulus, 30

Poa, 44; bulbosa, 7; pratensis, 89

Polygala Boykinii, 81

Polypodium, 84

Polyporus circinatus, 29; cristatus,
29; Spraguei, 29; sulphureus, 47

Polystichum Braunii, 107

Polystictus focicola, 29; perennis, 29

Pontedria cordata, 96

7
*

II3

Poria flavescens, 29; viticola, 29

Porotrichum insularum, 85

Portulaca, 15; pilosa, 73

Potamogeton alpinus, 72; dimorphus,
97; filiformis, 97; foliosus, 30;
heterophyllum graminifolius, 96;
hybridus, 31; interruptus, 97;
natans, 97; zosterifolius, 97

Potentilla monspeliensis norvegica,
73; recta, 31

Preissia quadrata, 65

Priestly, J. H., 68

Primula, 44; reptans, 44

Proceedings of the Club, 12, 34, 59,
88, 104

Proserpinaca palustris, 97; pectin-
atus, 97 F

Prunus domestica, 25; maritima, 24;
Persica, 23; serotina, 23; trifolia,

24
Psilocybe uda, 30
Psilogramme Portoricensis, 85
Pteridermium balsameum, 28
Puccinea Andropogonea, 27; an-
gustata, 27; asperifolia, 27; As-
terum, 28; Fraxinata, 28; Hibisci-
atum, 28; Iridis, 28; pustilatum, 28
Pyrenopeziza subata, 23
Pyrus communis, 25

Quercus alba, 29; ellipsoidalis, 73;
imbricaria, 73; Prinus, 22, 107;
stellata, 30, 107; velutina, 23, 24

Ramalina Willeyi, 30

Ramularia Plantaginis, 25

Ranunculus delphinifolius, 13; laxi-
caulis, 31

Reboulia hemispherica, 65

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 90

Rhiphidopteris, 84

Rhododendron Chapmanii, 60

Rhus hirta, 72; Toxicodendron radi-
cans, 23 ~

Ribes nigrum, 73

Riccia Frostei, 65

Ricciacarpus natans, 65

Richards, H. M.,106

Richardson, John W., 7

Riella Clausonia, 65

Robinia Pseudo-Acacia, 26, 30

Rosa blanda, 23; Webiana, 89

Rosellina albolanata, 24

Rowlee, W. W., 12

Rubus baileyanus, 73; canadensis,
74; Chamaemorus, 87; neglectus,
74; phoeniculasius, 71

Rydberg, P. A., 98

Rynchospora Grayii, 81

Sagittaria Engelmanniana, 72; longi-
rostra, 97

Salix, 44; purpurea, 71; petiolaris, 72

Salvia Lyrata, 75

Sassafras, 2

Sarracenia flava, 73; purpurea, 72

Sarcoscypha coccinea, 18; floccosa,
18; occidentalis, 18

Saussurea, 44

Schizonotus sorbifolia, 74

Schépff, Johann David, A Pioneer of
American Botanical Exploration,
i

Scirpus cyperinus, 72; paludosus, 71;
sylvaticus, 72

Scleria pauciflora caroliniana, 72:
triglomerata, 72

Sclerotinia tuberosa, 18; Geranii, 18

Seaver, Fred J., Cup-Fungi of Com-
mon Occurrence, 17

Selaginella, 84

Senecio, 44

Septocylindrium aromaticum, 25

Septoria carpogena, 27; Celtis gallae,
27; lepidiicola, 27

Setaria lutescens, 31

Setiscapella pusilla, 85

Sharpless, Mrs. Caspar, 107

Shorter Notes, 7, 48, 86, 102

Shaw, Miss Ellen Eddy, 104

Silenecaroliniana, 106; pennsylvanica,
106

Sketches of Travel in South America,
The Botanical Garden in Rio, 91

Small, John K., 59; Onobrychis
onobrychis in the Eastern United
States, 48; A New Bog-asphodel
from the Mountains, 86

Smilacina racemosa, 2

Smilax Walteri, 82

Solanum Dulcamara, 26

Solidago, 23; juncea, 72

Some Observations on
japonica, 103

Sorbus aucuparia, 74

Sparganium eurycarpum, 96

Spergularia borealis, 31; canadensis,
31

Sphaerocarpus Donnellii, 62, 65

Sphaeronema clethrincolum, 27

Sphaeropsis Betulae, 27; Cydoniae,
27; pericarpii, 27; Sassafras, 27;
simillima, 2

Spiranthus vernalis, 31

Spirodela polyrhyza, 97

Spirogyra, 65

Spring Flowers in Winter, I

Stachys tibetica, 89

Stellaria, 44; borealis, 7

Stemonitis splendens, 2

Lonicera

WO Gos

114

Stereum fasciatum, 29; lobatum, 29;
versicolor, 2

Stewart, Ralph R., 59, 88; Alpine
Plants of Kashmir, 41

Stewartia Malecodendron, 82

Stilbum erythrocephalum, 25

Stout, A. B., 34

Swamp and Bog Plants, Iris versi-
color, 55

Symplocarpus foetidus, 24

Symplocos, 78

Syntherisma abyssinica, 8; eriantha,
8; exilis, 9; henryi, 9; iburua, 9;
nodosa, 9; parviflora, 9; puberula,
9; royleana, 9; ternata, 9; uniglu-
mis, 9

Syringa japonica, 107; vulgaris, 26

35; and Helen
Mon-

Taylor, Norman,

Smith Hill, Crowberry at
tauk, Long Island, 87

Taxodium distichum, 72

Taxus floridana, 60

Tecoma radicans, 26

Thalictrum revolutum, 26

Thuidium acuminatum, 85

Thysanomitrium Richardi, 85

Toepffer, Johann David Schépff, A
Pioneer of American Botanical Ex-
ploration, 57

Torrey, Raymond, New York Walk
Book, Review, II

Tradescantia Pringlei, 52

Tramella lutescens, 28

Trametes protracta, 29; pusilla, 29

Trematosphaeria pertusa, 24

Trichomanes, 84; crispum, 85

Trichothecium roseum, 25

Triglochin maritima, 89

Trilisa on the Market, 50

Trillium cernuum, 72

Trip to El Yunque, Porto Rico, A, 83

Triticum aestivum, 23

Tubercularia rosea, 25

Tumion taxifolia, 60

Twiss, W. C., 36
Typha angustifolia, 97; latifolia, 96

Ulmus alata, 73; americana, 72; cam-
pestris, 73

Unreported Plants from Long Island,
71

Uredinopsis mirabilis, 28

Urnula Craterium, 18

Uromyces Hedysari-paniculati, 28
seditiosus, 28

Ustilago violacea, 106

Utricularia gibba, 72; intermedia,
97; purpurea, 97; subulata, 83, 85,
97; vulgaris, 97

Uvularia sessilifolia, 82

Valeriana, 44

Vallisneria spiralis, 97

Valsa leucostoma, 24; obtecta, 24

Verbena hastata, 106

Veronica, 44

Viburnum dentatum, 24

Viola, 44; arvensis, 74; papilianacea
domestica, 71; sororia, 74

Vitis-Idea Vitis-Idea, 74

Vittaria, 84

Waltheria, 15

Waterman, W. G., 64

Water Plants of the
Lakes, 93

White, O. E., 60

Williams, R. S., 15

Woodwardia areolata, 28; virginica,
28 :

Kanawauke

Xanthium commune, 72; italiacum,
32; pennsylvanicum, 75

Xylaria apiculata, 24; arbuscula, 24;
brasiliensis, 24

Xyris caroliniana, 31

Zygophyllidium macropodoides,
52

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of TorrEYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following
rates:

4pp.| 8pp.|12pp.| L6pp.| 20pp.| 24pp.| 28pp.| 32pp. 48pp. App

—— ef | ef a a, a , a, es

25 copies $1.40 $2.45|$3.651% 4.40|$ 5.65] $6.50) 8.00/$ 8.45!$12.55/$15.90

BO)" 1.65} 2.90] 4.25] 5.10} 6.65} 7.75} 9.40] 9.85) 14.15| 17.35
Cie ain 1.95] 3-35] 4.85] 5,65} 7.60) 8.75} 10.45] 11.25) 15.65| 19.95
100 - | | 2.25) 3.80] 5.35] 6.35] 8.25] 9.80] 11.55] 12.45] 17.55] 22.05
150.“ 2.70| 4.60] 6.50] 7.60] 10.20] 12.10} 14.20] 15.20] 21.35| 26,80
200 y 3.00] 5.05] 7.15] 8.35] 11.40] 13.50] 15.80] 16.85] 23.55] 29.60
300 3.85 au; 9.20] 10.70] 14.85] 17.55] 20.50] 21.05} 30.20] 37.40

Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 1!4c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00

Committees for 1924,

Finance Committee Field Committee
R. A. HARPER, Chairman. A.T, BEALS, Chairman.
J. H. BARNHART Miss. JEAN BROADHURST
E. P. BIcKNELL H. M. DENsLow
Miss C. C. HayNEs G. C. FISHER

SERENO STETSON Miss E. M. Kuprer
t MicHAEL LEVINE
Miss Daisy LEvy
RayMonpD H, Torrey
PERCY WILSON

Budget Committee Membership Committee

J. H. Barnwart, Chairman. J. K. SMALL, Chairman.
R. A. HARPER T. E. HAZEN
N. L. BRITTON NORMAN TAYLOR
. DENSLOW
Cc S. GAGER Local Flora Committee
M.A.Howre _ . N. L. Britton, Chairman.
H. H. Rusey
Phanerogams: Cryptogams:
E. P. BICKNELL Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
Bo _N.L. Britton A. W. Evans
Program Committee H. M. DENSLOW T. E. Hazen

A. H. Graves, Chairman. W.C. FEercuson M.A. Howe
Mrs. BE. G. Britton LupLow Griscom MICHAEL LEVINE
ALFRED GUNDERSEN BAYARD LONG W. A. MurRILL
T. E. Hazen K. K. MAcKENZIE F. J. SEAVER
M. A. Howr » G, E. NICHOLS

NORMAN TAYLOR

Chairmen on Special Committees on Local Flora
Ferns and Fern Allies: R. C. Benedict —Lichens:

Mosses; Mrs. E. G, Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.

Liverworts: A. W. Evans . Richards

Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-

Marine Algae: M. A. Howe berineae: F. J. Seaver

Gasteromycetes: G. C. Fisher Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed

eon oster: W. A. Murrill Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B.Stout

‘Except Russula and Lactarius: MissG. Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.

g's Burlingham Cook

- Cortinarius: R.A. Harper Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee
Polyporeae: M, Levine Myxomycetes:

Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver hurst

Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

Of former volumes, 24-47 can be supplied separately
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers has been
reserved for the completion. of sets. Single copies (40
cents) will be furnished only when not breaking complete

volumes.

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memoirs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes 1-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application:

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00.

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to

MISS MARY LEE MANN
171 Union Street,
Flushing, N. Y.

TORREYA

A Bi-MontTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL NOTES AND NEWS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
BY

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

VOLUME 25

NEw YorK
1925

.
Sh ie

Vol. 25 January-February, 1925 No. 1

TORREYA

A Bi-MonTHLY JOURNAL oF BOTANICAL Notes AND NEWS
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS
Rome bree: Buds,~ GEORGE? 1) HASTINGS. 2. INE gi ted Sl wees ote eg doen
Unreported Plants from Long Island, N. M. Grier.................-.4-.
Further Notes on Woody Plants, W. W. AsHE

A New Whitlow-wort from Florida, JoHN K. SMALL

The English Sparrow, W. A. Murrity

a eb ec Sigkes © be fet hve whey e-» ya el 0) «hut wipe ole ©

Book Reviews:
House’s List of New York State Plants, NorMAN TAYLOR..........-.-
Deam’s Shrubs of Indiana, G. T. HAsTINGS....... AS ote
Illick’s Tree Habits, How to Know the Hunlwebdss BM. GReESS «3. b.

Proceedings of the Club

ee a ee ee i er ee I oe

BVCNUSENOLES. Cage Sat rt oT LL CEE SRN Rte aR es 2s Fae SERS

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KinG STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
~ BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered at the Post Omice at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1925

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, Pu.D., Sc.D.

Secretary

ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pu.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
RALPH C, BENEDICT, Pu.D.
BrooKLyNn Boranic GARDEN
-Brooklyn, N. Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN, Pu.D.

Associate Editors
A. F. BLAKESLEE, Pu.D. ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Pu.D.
CORNELIA L, CAREY,'Pas.D. GEORGE T: HASTINGS, A.M. ;
ALEX. W..EVANS, M.D., Pao.D. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu:D., aE D.

H. A.’GLEASON, Px.D. M.-LEVINE, Pu.D.
ARLOW B. STOUT, Pu D.
Bibliographer

FRED. J. SEAVER, Pua.D.

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A, HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

‘All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a year, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA-IS THE Gentes Win OF THE
Witp FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorreEYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postat or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in

‘payment, but.the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received oniy for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, Brooklyn, N.Y. :

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS |
2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

FEB 28 1925

ate YORK
BLT 4 ie
TORREYA $ 44&08~
Vol. 25 No. 1

January-February, 1925

SOME TREE BUDS
GEORGE T. HASTINGS

For winter field study the botanist finds nothing to equal
in interest the buds of trees and shrubs. To aid in such study
there are numerous keys to the trees in winter, based on the
buds, leaf scars and twig characters, those found in Brown’s
Trees of New York State and Jarvis and Blakeslee’s New Eng-
land Trees in Winter being among the most accessible. Some
difficulty may be found in using these keys if twigs are taken
from lower limbs where growth has been slow. Such twigs are
more slender, the buds are small, usually with fewer scales than

those on more vigorously growing twigs.

Of trees with opposite leaves and hence opposite buds the
maples, horse-chestnut, ashes and flowering dogwood are the
only ones native in our region. In all of these the buds are pro-
tected by scales formed of modified leaves. The short pointed
buds of the ashes with two pairs of dark scales are very distinct
from the oval buds with four or more pairs of gray, red or brown
scales of the maples. The striped maple and the ash-leaved
maple or box elder have but a single pair of bud scales. In the
latter case the rounded, short-stalked buds are unlike those of
any other tree. In the lateral buds of the ashes the single pair
of scales join so closely on the edges that it is often difficult to
see that there are any scales at all. In the red and silver maples
the rounded flower buds at the sides of the narrow leaf buds
are a reminder that these will be among the first flowers of
spring. Often these flower buds, especially in the silver maple,
are densely crowded, eight at a node with the two leaf buds
making a complete ring of buds around the stem. But lower
branches and young trees will usually have no flower buds.
The buds of the flowering dogwood are of special interest.
Many branches bear the broad flower buds at their tips. These
buds have two pairs of bud scales which in the spring will grow
out from their bases into the four large petal-like bracts that

make the conspicuous part of the dogwood ‘‘flower,”’ the dry
reddish winter scale forming an irregular tip to the white
*petals.’’ Below the flower bud are four leaf buds pressed against
the stem, each covered by a single scale. As the flower bud
develops, these grow out at right angles to each other (often
only two of the buds develop). The leaf buds of the dogwood
are to be found only at the tips of the stems, the pair of leaf
scars in the middle of each year’s growth bearing no buds above
them. The terminal buds are partly surrounded by the bases of
the petioles of last year’s leaves. Between each of these petioles
and the bud a tiny leaf bud is hidden. The two bud scales en-
close three small buds, two lateral and one terminal, each consist-
ing of a single pair of leaves with a growing point between. The
tips of the twigs thus have five leaf buds, though only one is
apparent. Sometimes all four of the lateral buds develop,
sometimes only part of them, but they usually grow longer than
the terminal one, making the branching irregular and spread-
ing.

Of trees with alternate buds a few have no protecting scales.
In the black locust the buds are submerged in the stem below
the leaf scars. On young or vigorous shoots there is a pair of
stout spines at each side of the leaf scar, these remaining on
the stem for several years, but on older trees, especially on the
lower branches, the spines are too small to be seen or may be
entirely lacking. The leaf scar is three-lobed with three bundle
scars. After the leaf falls the scar cracks between the bundles,
exposing a cavity lined with silky brown hairs. These hairs
grow downward from the scar that forms the roof of the chamber,
as well as up from the bottom. On the median line among these
hairs are from two to four almost microscopic buds, mere pro-
jections without evidence of leaves as seen with a hand lens.
Often another bud is formed beneath the bark just above the
leaf scar, showing as a slight ridge. This bud sometimes develops
into a short shoot the first year, but in such cases nearly always
dies and drops off before winter. No terminal bud is found in.
the locust, but as the tip of the twig dies and breaks off im-
mediately above the last lateral bud, this usually appears ter-
minal.

Bud scales when present may represent leaves as in the oaks,
hickories and others, or they may be stipules. In the oaks

several buds are clustered at the end of the twigs, the overlapping
scales are in five rows and very numerous, three or four times
as many leaves being used as scales to protect the bud as will
develop as foliage leaves from the bud. In the tulip-tree the
bud is covered by the stipules belonging to the last leaf of the
preceding season. Inside these is a small leaf folded down the
midrib, then doubled over against the stem, its stipules much
larger than the leaf; these cover the next leaf whose stipules, in
turn cover the succeeding leaf. The first leaf, sometimes the
second also, is dead, the others will all open in the spring when
the stipules spread apart. The long slender buds of the beech
covered by twenty or more shining chestnut scales, each larger
than the preceding, will keep the scales for some time as the
bud opens in the spring, the inner ones covering the young leaves
after the bud has grown to three inches in leegth.

In the case of the walnut, butternut and bitternut, no scales
are formed, but the young leaves, thick and covered with down
in the walnut and butternut, thinner and dotted with yellow
resin in the bitternut, are crowded together in an unprotected
bud. The petioles are larger than the closely folded leaflets,
the outer leaves showing eight or nine pairs of leaflets, the
inner and smaller ones more.

Most trees with definite growth have all the leaves of the
next season already formed in the bud. This can be readily
seen in the tulip-tree and maples by counting the number of
leaf scars on the year’s growth, then dissecting the bud and
counting the young leaves hidden there.

Explanation of plate

Fic. 1. A and B. Leaf buds of Flowering Dogwood.
C. Long. sect. of same, slightly diagrammatic.
Fic. 2. Flower buds of Dogwood.
Fic. 3. A. Butternut twig and bud.
B. One outer and one inner leaf from the bud.
Fic. 4. A. Twig of Black Locust with almost invisible thorns.
B. Twig of Locust with thorns, remains of small branchlets above
leaf scars.
C. Long. sect. through twig showing buds under leaf scar.
Fic. 5. Bud of Beech.

NEw YorK.

VOL. 25, PLATE I

TORREYA

UNREPORTED PLANTS FROM LONG ISLAND, N. Y.
II. CryPTOGAMS EXCLUSIVE OF PTERIDOPHYTA*
N. M. GRIER

An earlier paper, (Torreya 24, No. 5) dealt with the vascular
plants which appear to have been unreported from Long Island.
The present list is concerned with those native plant groups
which have by no means received an equivalent amount of
systematic study. In addition to papers by Jelliffe (1893-1904),
Grout, (1902), Gurnham and Latham (1914-24), and the more
occasional mention of these forms by authors cited in connec-
tion with the previous list, the species now given have been
checked with the lists of Farlow (1882-1893), Britton (1884),
Reichling (1905), Wood (1905-14), Howe (i914) and Evans
(1923), for Long Island and adjacent regions. The nomen-
clature used is that of the authorities mentioned in connection
with each group, although the background of the classification
is essentially that of the recent edition of the Engler and Prantl
“Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien.’’ The workers whose data
besides those of the writer are presented in the following list are:

Professor L. N. Johnson, formerly of the University of Michi-
Gone kN: J.

Professor D. S. Johnson, Johns Hopkins University. D.S. J.

Dr. H. H. York, New York State Conservation Commission,
Albany, N.Y. H. H. Y.

Dr. A. F. Blakeslee, Carnegie Institution of Washington,
Wola sprue Harbor, N. Y.. A: F.B:

Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, American Museum of Natural History.
CoC. Ff.

Miss Miriam A. Bomhard, University of Pittsburgh. M.A. B.

Professor E. N. Transeau, Ohio State University. E. N. T.

Professor Susan Green, Maryville College. S. A. G.

Professor O. E. Jennings, University of Pittsburgh. O. E. J.

Miss Gail H. Holliday, Wheeling High School. G. H. H.

* Contribution No. 7 from the Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor,
Nery

SCHIZOPHY TA;

CHAMAESIPHONACEAE
Chamaesiphon sp. Epiphytic on Cladophora sp., C. 5S. H. D.S. J.

CHROOCOCCACEAE

Calothrix confervicola Ag. On Cladophora in tide pools, Lloyd’s Point, L. I.
N. M. G.

Calothrix crustacea (Schousb.) Born. & Thuret. On grasses and algae at
Eatons Point, L. I.

Calothrix parasitica (Chauv.) Thuret. Common on Nemalion sp., C. S. H.
DSa ye

Calothrix pulvinata Ag. Growing on tufts of Spartina patens. D. S. J.

Calothrix scopulorum (Web. & Mohr) Ag. On posts under old mill, C. S. H.
ID Se" IIs

Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetz) Naeg. On Spartina, stubble, inner harbor, C.
Speke UDA iselia JR TRON

Dactylococopsis rhaphidioides Hansg. Common in Jarvis Pond, C. S. H.
N. M. G.

NOSTOCACEAE

Anabaena torulosa (Carm.) Lagerh. Estuary north of cement bridge, C. S.
Hee Na vieG:

Anabaena variabilis Kuetz. West side, inner harbor, C. S. H. D. S. J.

Cylindrospermum majus Kuetz. Bottom of Jarvis Pond, C.S. H. N. M. G.

OSCILLATORIACEAE

Lyngbya confervoides Ag. On mud in outlet from Fishery Ponds, C. S. H.
DiySaa}-

Lyngbya semiplena (Ag.) J. Ag. Mud and tangles about Spartina. D.S. J.
aya! Tel, ial, Ve

Microcoleus tenerrumus Gomont. Algal mats on marsh. D.S. J. and H.H. Y.

Oscillatoria gracilima Vauch. Common. Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. N. M. G.

Oscillatoria formosa Bory. Floating in Fish Hatchery Pool, C. S. H.
N. M. G.

Oscillatovia ornata Kuetz. Forming bright green mats in 1st lake, C. S. H.
DS: ar

Phormidium laminosum (Ag.) Gom. Jarvis Pond, C.S. H. N. M. G.

Oscillatoria animalis Ag. Forming mats, Ist lake. N. M. G.

RIVULARIACEAE
Rwularia mtida Ag. N. and E. shore, C.S. H. D.S. J.
{ Schizophyceae revised following the terminology of ‘‘The Myxophyceae

of N. America and Adjacent Regions’’ Minnesota Algae. Vol. I. Josephine
Tilden. Report of Survey, Botanical Series VIII. V. of Minnesota, 1910.

MYXOMYCETESt

CERATOMYXACEAE

Ceratiomyxa poriodes (Alb. & Schw.) Schroeter. On stump near falls, Ist
Ipnemea. rl. IN. MM. G.

CLATHROPTYCHIACEAE

Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch) Macb. Abundant on dead wood, C. S. H.
Ne MG.

DICTYOSTELIACEAE

Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld. On muskrat dung, C. S. H. D.S. J.

DIDYMIACEAE

Diderma testaceum (Schrad.) Rost On dead leaves near Ist lake, C. S. H.
DRS le

LICEACEAE

Tubulina ferruginosa (Batsch) Macb. Abundant on dead wood, C. S. H.
1D Beale

PHYSARACEAE

Badhamia decipiens (Curt.) Berk. On dead oak leaves west of 2nd lake,
Cronies N. MM. 'G.

Leocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) Rost. Occasional on mosses and dead leaves in
vicinity of school house, C. S. H. N. M. G.

Physarum compressum Alb. & Schw. On dead twigs, C. S. H. N. M. G.

PLASMODIOPHORACEAE

YN
cot

Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rost. Frequent on wood, C. S. H. D.

RETICULARIACEAE
Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) Macb. On old stumps, C. S. H. M. A. B.

STEMONITACEAE

Comatricha typhoides (Bull.) Rost. On old logs, vicinity of lakes. M. A. B.

TRICHIACEAE

Lachnobolus globosus (Schw.) Rost. Frequent on rotten wood, C. S. H.
DOS! J.
Arcyria incarnata Pers. On rotten wood, C. S. H. D. S. J.

+ Revised following the terminology given in North American Slime Molds,
New and Revised Edition. T. H. Macbride, Macmillan and Company, 1922.

BACILLARIOPHYTA (Diatoms)*

FRAGILAROIDEAE

Diatoma vulgare Bory. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. N. M. G.
Fragilaria virescens Ralfs. Common, Jarvis Pond, C.S. H. N. M. G.
Synedra radians Kuetz. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. N. M.G.

NAVICULOIDEAE

Amphipleura sp. N. M. G.

Navicula Grevillei Ag. On Zostera, C.S. H. N. M. G.

Neidium affine (Ehrenb.) Pfitzer. Common, Jarvis Pond, C.S.H. N. M.G.
Pleurosigma distortum W. Sm. On mud and pebbles, C. S. H. D.S. J.

CONJUGATAE**

MESOTAENIACEAE

Bambusina Brebissoni Kuetz. 2nd lake, C. S.
Closterium didymotocum Corda. 2nd lake, C. S.

DESMIDIACEAE

Arthrodesmus convergens Ehrenb. Common, Jarvis Pond, C.

Arthrodesmus fragilis Wolle. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S.

Cosmarium everettense Wolle. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S.

Cosmarium ornatum Ralfs. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H.

Cosmarium ovale Ralfs. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. L. N. l.

Cosmarium tetraophthalmum (Kuetz.) Bréb. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H.
ID INS Us

Euastrum verrucosum (Ehrenb.) Ralfs. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H
IL ANG Ae

Micrasterias radiata Hass. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. L. N. J

Micrasterias laticeps Nordst. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. N. M.

Micrasterias muricata Bailey. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. L. N

Netrium Digitus (Ehrenb.) Itzig. & Rothe. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S.
INES INE, (Ge

Spondylosium tetragonum West. Common, Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. L.N. J.

Staurastrum gracile Ralfs. Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. L.N. J.

Staurasirum pentacladium Wolle. Jarvis Pond, C.S. H. L. N. J.

Staurastrum tohopekaligense Wolle. Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. L.N. J.

Staurastrum vestitum Ralfs. Jarvis Pond, C. S. H. L.N. J.

O 5

G.
ois
H

* Revised according to Van Huerck’s Treatise on the Diatomaceae with
some reference to The Diatomaceae of Philadelphia and Vicinity. C. S.
Boyer, Philadelphia, 1916. J. B. Lippincott Company.

** Revised following principally the nomenclature given in British Des-
midiaceae Vol. I-IV. W. West and G. S. West, Vol. V. Nellie Carter, Lon-
don, 1904, 1905, 1908, 1912, and 1923. Published by the Ray Society.

ZYGNEMATACEAE
Spirogyra majuscula Kuetz., 2nd lake, C. S. H. L. N. J.
Spirogyra mirabilis (Hass.) Kuetz. 2nd lake, C. S. H. L. N. J.
Zygnema stellinum (Vauch.) Ag. 2nd lake, C.S. H. L.N. J.

CHLOROPHYCEAE*

CLADOPHORACEAE
Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey. On stones, algal mats; on Spartina,

Cmowin, ELH. Y.
Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kuetz. Shoals at inner end, Center Island. E. C.F.

CHAETOPHORACEAE
Draparnaldia plumosa (Vauch.) Ag. Fish Hatchery Pond. E. N. T.

COELASTRACEAE

Scenedesmus obliquus (Turp.) Kuetz. 2nd lake, C. S. H. N. M. G.
Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. 2nd lake, C. S. H. N. M. G.

OEDOGONIACEAE

Oedogonium crassiusculum var. idioandrosporum Wittr. & Nordst. Dying
ROnGwmGncontd. Hb. IN. ot:

Oedogonium grande Kuetz. Fish Hatchery Pond. E. N. T.

Oedogonium Pringsheimii Cram. On Ceratophyllum, ist lake, C. S. H.
IDS aSeeae

Oedogonium rufescens var. exiguum Wittr. Dying Pond, C.S. H. E. N. T.

PROTOCOCCACEAE

Palmellococcus miniatus (Leib.) Chodat. C.S. H. N. M. G.
Zoochlorella parasitica Brandt. On fresh water sponge in Dying Pond.
Bee Ne rT.
ULVACEAE

Enteromorpha prolifera (Fl. Dan.) J. Ag. Estuary, C.S.H. D.S. J.
Ilea fulvescens (Ag.) J. Ag. Estuary, C.S. H. N. M. G.
Monostroma crepidinum Farl. Estuary, C.S. H. D.S. J.

VALONIACEAE

Dictyocystis Hitchcockii (Wolle) Lag. Common, bottom 2nd lake, C. S. H.
N. M. G.

VOLVOCACEAE
Volvox aureus Ehr. Ponds, C. S. H. E. N. T.
* Revised according to ‘‘The Green Algae of N. America’ S. Collins.

eA ges
Tufts College Studies (Scientific Series) Vol. 2, No. 3. Vol. 3, No. 2; Vol. 4,
No. 7. Tufts College, Mass.

PHAEOPHYCEAE*
FUCACEAE
Fucus platycarpus Thuret. On stones, piles, docks, C. S. H. D. S. J.
RALFSIACEAE

Ralfsia clavata (Carm.) Farlow. Piles, wharves, inner harbor. D. S. J. and
ple Asie NAS

RHODOPHYCEAE
CERAMIACEAE

Ceramium rubrum var. proliferum Harvey. Eatons Point, L. J. N. M. G.

SQUAMARIACEAE
Petrocelis cruenta J. Ag. Inner harbor. Tidal Inlet. D.S. J. and H. H. Y.

(To be continued)
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.

FURTHER NOTES ON WOODY PLANTS

W. W. ASHE

Vaccinium vacillans Missouriense, var. nov.—The size and
habit of the type; twigs and stems green, red or reddish-brown,
terete; branchlets soft pubescent, the pubescence persistent
until the second year. Leaves dark green, thick, with entire,
revolute or thickened margins; oblong or oblanceolate, 3-5.cm.
long, I-I.7 cm. wide, acute at both ends; soon glabrous above ~
except on the veins, permanently soft pubescent beneath, the
midrib often arcuate and the leaf oblique. Flowers unknown.
Fruit often merely glaucescent or sometimes black, but usually
like that of the type. The most distinct variety of this variable
species and possibly if the flowers should show differences en-
titled to be regarded as a species—Monteer, Mo. W. W. A.

Vaccinium virgatum Ozarkense, var. nov.—Branchlets green
or reddish, angled, the first season finely pubescent. Leaves
oblong 2.5-4.2 cm. long, 9-1.6 cm. wide, acute or acuminate at
apex, acute at base; margin entire, sometimes finely ciliate,
puberulent above on midrib, bright green on both sides, thin,
reticulate-veined below, and more or less pubescent. Flowers
small, 5-6 mm. long, short cylindrous, pink and red or usually

* This group and the Rhedophyceae were revised by Professor Ivy Lewis
of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., and the University
of Virginia. The thanks of the writer are due Dr. Lewis for valuable com-
ments in connection.

bright red; calyx lobes short and obtuse; fruit black, shining,
6-8 mm. thick, ripening early in June. This form differs from
the type essentially in its uniformly small and bright colored
corolla.—Mountain slopes at head of Polk Creek, Montgomery
County, Arkansas, where quite common in mixed oak and pine
wood. W. W. A. May 2, 1924.

Vaccinium viride, sp. nov.—A shrub 2-3 dm. high, with green
or reddish-tinged ascending branches and slender green pubes-
cent twigs, or often merely pubescent on lines. Leaves thin
but firm, bright yellowish green on both sides, glabrous above
except for the puberulent midrib; glabrous below except for the
pubescent midrib and sometimes scattered spreading hairs near
the base, ovate, oblong, or oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5.2 cm. long,
I.I-2.6 cm. wide, taper-pointed and mucronate, narrowed at
the often broad base, finely ciliate-serrulate; petiole about I
mm. long, pubescent. Flowers, appearing about the middle of
April when the leaves are about half grown in clusters of 4 to 8,
are urceolate or short cylindrical, 5 to 7 mm. long, cream colored,
striped with red or reddish. Fruit, 7-9 mm. thick, glossy black,
ripens the middle of June.

Prevailingly on dry sites in sunny oak wood, Montgomery
County, Ark. Type from mountains near head of Polk Creek.
W.W.A. May 2, 1924. It is possible that this is the plant
which has been referred to V. stmulatum Small. But V. simula-
tum differs in having much larger leaves which are pale and
glaucescent below, in its larger flowers, glaucous fruit and dif-
ferent habit, being a tree-like shrub 2 to 4 m. high.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

A NEW WHITLOW-WORT FROM FLORIDA
Joun K. SMALL

The two plant regions in Florida superficially most un-
promising-looking are the Everglade Keys, composed of solid
odlitic limestone, and the ancient dunes of the lake-region, com-
posed of seemingly barren loose white siliceous sand. Yet, the
floristics of these wholly unrelated areas are extremely inter-
esting, and endemic genera and species are included in the
plant-associations. The following is an additional herb to the
flora of the lake-region.

NyacHiA Small, gen. nov. Annual wirey-branched herb.

Leaves opposite, chartaceous: blades broad but revolute,
entire. Stipules minute, fimbriate. Flowers very small, poly-

gamous or dioecious, borne in cluster-like cymules all along the
branches, or solitary in the axils, the bracts resembling the leaves
but smaller. Calyx campanulate or urcolate, nearly sessile in the
bractlets: sepals 5, with very broad wing-margins and a thick
mucro, hooded. Stamens 5, included: filaments short-filiform:
anthers didymous. Ovary I-celled, by abortion: styles 2, short,
distinct: stigmas minute. Utricle lenticular, included. (Gen-
eric name an anagram of Anychia, a related genus.)

1. NV. pulvinata Small. Stem branched at the base, the branches
radially spreading and repeatedly dichotomous, 5-20 cm. long,
wiry, minutely puberulent or pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to
triangular-ovate, I-5.3 mm. long, strongly revolute, obtuse,
rounded or truncate at the base, sessile: stipules torn into
capillary segments: bracts and bractlets in pairs: calyx 0.5
mm. long and slightly elongating in anthesis or in fruit, the
sepal-hoods blunt-tipped, the winged margins broad, often
suborbicular: anthers about 0.3 mm. long or less: utricle oval
or ellipsoid, about 0.4 mm. long.—Ancient dunes, southern end
of the lake region, Florida.

The southern part of the Florida lake-region is rich in endemic
plants. The present genus is one of the less conspicuous plants,
except as it forms in green spots on the snow-white sand. It
is related to Anychia, but differs from it in the distinct styles
and included fruits, the fleshy bractlets, and in the habit of
growth. It is one of the smaller plants forming the association
of the “scrub,”’ but it is conspicuous by its bright green color
and cushion-like growth, the plants appearing as mere tufts
which often develop into cushions one to two feet in diameter.
The type specimens, collected by the writer, in the “scrub”’
between Avon Park and Sebring, Florida, December 13, 1920,
number 9782, are in the herbarium of The New York Botanical
Garden.

THE NEw York BOTANICAL GARDEN.

THE ENGLISH SPARROW

I live in a large brick house, one wall of which is covered
with Boston ivy and in the shelter of this handsome vine the
English sparrows roost by the hundreds, old and young together.
Nearby there is a very old English walnut tree in the corner of
the vegetable garden, with a rose garden adjoining and a few
peach trees scattered about. The sparrows are very tame,

drinking at the bird fountain and helping themselves to any-
thing they wish in the garden or chicken coop. But with all
this, I have been much interested in watching them catch insects
like good, honest, hard-working native birds. They chase
moths, work over a rosebush until every saw-fly is found, and
assume the attitude and industry of warblers in their patience
and thoroughness.

Black-locust trees shade the front porch of the house and
these are badly infested with leaf-miners. I can not be positive,
but what are the sparrows hunting when they go quietly from
twig to twig through these trees unless it is the miners? And
do they break through the epidermis of the leaf to get at them?

The only insects the sparrows seem to avoid are the hard,
green ‘‘June-bugs’’ with very scratchy legs, which are so abund-
ant just now that when I approach a peach tree on the fruit of
which the beetles are feeding, it seems that I have disturbed a

nest of big bumblebees. Robins and redbirds live in the back
of the garden, but they also seem to avoid the ‘“ June-bugs.”’

It is only fair that I make this somewhat tardy and forced
admission regarding the value of English sparrows in the great
battle between insects and man.

I watched a most interesting contest between a female English
sparrow and a bird-wing grasshopper,—the one with the pretty
vellow and black wings that ‘‘dances’’ in the summer sunshine.
For fully five minutes the sparrow chased the insect up and down
the street, being foiled at every turn by the quickness of the
grasshopper, which rose higher in the air or dropped to a lower
level as an aeroplane would do to escape a Zeppelin. I never
saw a bird seem so heavy and so helpless as this one in its
continued vain efforts to make a captive, and it finally abandoned
the chase, allowing the insect to fly away on triumphant wing.

W. A. MurRRILL.

LYNCHBURG, VA., Aug. II, 1924.

BOOK REVIEWS
House’s List or NEW YORK STATE PLANTS*

No recent systematic paper better illustrates the intolerable
conditions existing in nomenclature than this list of New York

*House, H. D. Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New
York State. Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 254: 1-757. September, 1924.

plants by the State botanist. As this review is being written
(December 11) there are already ominous rumblings in that
periodic, but almost continuous, warfare between the rival
nomenclatorial camps,—a warfare as fratricidal and silly as
any ever known in botany.

The reviewer once wrote in another connection “species and
varieties are concepts of convenience, nay, of absolute necessity,
in talking or writing about plants, but hardly expressions of
exact truth.’’ But are species and varieties even concepts of
convenience when their names may be changed over night?
The ecologist, or physiologist, or cytologist, or what not, cares
not a straw whether systematic botanists bow down to the Gods
of Priority in New York or of Precedence in Boston, but they
are fast reaching the conclusion that unless systematic botanists
agree to bow down to the God of Convenience, and make that
adulation abject, they will pray for a quick finish fight,—and
dance rather indecently upon the grave of the loser.

What all non-systematists pray for is that the gentlemen
in whose hands rest the destiny of plant names substitute for
their darling codes that kind of morality which understands
that nomenclature is first and last an absolutely necessary
convenience. What caters to that end is good,—all else is out-
side the pale.

Dr. House appears to suffer, like so many of his colleagues,
from the uncertainty which this intolerable situation necessarily
entails. On one page we read of the common sense retention of
certain species names, hallowed by ages of use, while on another,
and there are a distressing number of these, he is abject in his
worship of priority, with disastrous consequences to equally
well-known names. Scores could be mentioned, let one suffice.
In 1923 the author felt moved to describe the white-flowered
form of the common. marshmallow as Hibiscus Moscheutos
forma Peckii. That was unimpeachable, if one cares to designate
mere color forms by names. In the present volume he abandons
that recently christened infant because he takes up the Lin-
naean name H. palustris, and is, of course, forced to coin the new
combination Hibiscus palustris forma Pecku. There are also
many new names due to questions of interpretation of specific
limits. With such honest differences of opinion all botanists
will agree. Progress can only come from those able and willing

to study these propositions and report upon them. Such
interpretations of fact whether they lead to new names or not
are in a very different category from mere name changing. Upon
this score Dr. House’s new book will receive the respectful
attention which its evident care and scholarship entitle it.

There can, of course, be nothing but praise for the under-
taking—which has lain dormant since the flora of John Torrey
in 1843. It is a tremendous piece of work to even list all the
plants found in such a large and ecologically diversified state
as New York. The author has, in addition to the State Herb-
arium, relied on printed lists or local floras, among them the
reviewer's “‘Flora of the Vicinity of New York.’’ In such a
large book it would be incredible if some errors had not crept in.
Of Teucriwm canadense he says: “‘Recorded by Taylor as occa-
sional on Long Island.”’ I recorded it from Staten Island. And
there are others. But to cite such here would be both useless and
tend to create the impression that I am harping upon very
thin strings. Actually the new work inspires admiration for
its scope and intent, if a considerable amount of misgiving
over some of its details. Its defects are mostly attributable
to the causes outlined above, and from these Dr. House is no
more immune than any of us.

NORMAN TAYLOR.
BROOKLYN, N. Y.

SHRUBS OF INDIANA
CHARLES C. DEAN*

This book is a sequel to the author’s Trees of Indiana, which
it resembles in size and binding as well as in plan and arrange-
ment. It is well bound in cloth, printed on good paper and the
typography is excellent. In these respects it is superior to the
majority of state reports. 143 species are described as native
to the state and two others,—Rosa Eglanteria and Lonicera japon-
ica,—as naturalized. Some fifty other species are mentioned as
having been reported from the state but are excluded because
the author has been unable to verify their occurrence or because

* Publication No. 44 of the Department of Conservation of the State of
Indiana, Dec. 1924; 351 pages, 148 plates.

they are regarded as escapes that have not become naturalized.
One of these, Berberis vulgaris, is referred to as having frequently
escaped, but due to the effort being made to exterminate it
“this shrub will not become a member of our state.”’

The treatment of species is conservative, forms that inter-
grade are considered as one, the many opportunities to sub-
divide species being ignored. For example a special study was
made of the poison ivy,—“‘ the study suggests that the low erect
forms are branches of underground stems; that the thick-leaved
forms are always found in places exposed to heavy winds and
direct sunlight; and the hairy-fruited forms are rare and are
distributed throughout our area, and have no other character
to distinguish them.’’ The sand cherry, Prunus pumila, referred
to as not well understood, is taken to include Prunus cuneata
P. susquehanae, which have been described from the state.

The nomenclature followed is that of the International or
Vienna Code. Where the name used differs from that in either
the 7th edition of Gray’s Manual or the 2nd edition of Britton
and Brown’s Illustrated Flora, the other names are given, other-
wise synonyms are omitted. In most cases the only common
name used is that found in Standardized Plant Names, where
plants are not listed in this, the name that seems most commonly
used is given, with the idea that each plant should be known
by but one common name. The descriptions are clear and
complete for each species, the distribution throughout the state
is given in detail, while under the head of remarks are such
items as the uses of the shrub in ornamental planting, its real
or reputed medicinal value, questions of variation or habitat
and the need of conservation.

There is a key to all the genera, under each of these is a key
to the species. The keys are based chiefly on the leaf and twig
characters. The book is illustrated with full page plates of each
species made from photographs of herbarium specimens. The
specimens have been so carefully prepared that in most cases
the use of fresh material would have added nothing in value.
Plant lovers and users of Indiana are to be congratulated on.
having a book of this nature so well done in every respect.

G. T. HASTINGS.

NEw York.

TREE HABITS
How to Know THE HARDWoops*

The purpose of this interesting and inspiring book is, as the
author states in his foreword, ‘‘to open the gateway to the
delightful study of trees.’’ Mr. Illick not only opens the gate-
way but he leads the reader through to the most interesting
accounts of the habits, peculiarities, behaviors and traits of
our tree friends.

The book contains seventeen chapters. Chapter 1, entitled
““Trees’’ discusses trees in their relation to human beings and
shows how they are in many ways like human beings, doing
many things that man does, and in the same way that he does
them.

Each of the next fifteen chapters deals with a certain family
of trees. For example, Chapter 2 is entitled ‘The Willow
Family’’; Chapter 3, ‘‘The Walnut Family’’; Chapter 4, ‘The
Birch Family.”

Each chapter is written in a very popular, though scientific,
style so that the reader need not be a trained botanist or forester
to understand and appreciate it. Simplified keys and tables,
in which marked characteristics are used, make the separation
of groups and the identification of species very easy. For in-
stance in Chapter 3, ‘‘The Walnut Family,”’ the six chief charac-
teristics of walnuts and the six chief characteristics of hickorieS
are given in two parallel columns. In like manner, the black
walnut and the butternut are differentiated by enumerating in
parallel columns seven contrasting characteristics of each.
This visualized method of identification is used wherever pos-
sible throughout the entire book. In addition to these keys
and tables, much interesting, useful, and in many cases, historical
infomation about each of the important species is given.

The illustrations, consisting of numerous plates and text
figures, are chosen with great care. These are very clear and
inspiring and will be very useful in becoming acquainted with
our North American tree friends.

*Tree Habits. Joseph S. Illick of the Pennsylvania Dept. of Forestry and
Waters. Published by American Nature Association, Washington, D.C.,
1924, 337 pages, illustrated.

Chapter 17, entitled ‘‘Guide to American Hardwood Trees’”’
is original and unique and will be of great assistance in identifi-
cation. In this chapter the trees are grouped under such headings
as “Trees That Bear Pods,” “‘Trees That Bear’Spines or
Thorns,’’ ‘‘Trees Whose Leaves Turn Yellow in Autumn,”’
“Trees That Bear Berries,’’ and many other similar headings.

Mr. Illick, the author of ‘‘Pennsylvania Trees,”’ ‘“‘Trees
Every Boy Should Know,” “Fifty Common American Trees,”’
“The Scout’s First Book of Forestry,’’ “Guide to Forestry,”
and many other articles on forestry, has made a life-long study
of trees and has spent fifteen years in teaching boys and girls
and grown-up folks how to know our trees, and how to under-
stand their habits and to interpret their peculiar behaviors.
This long study and experience in writing and teaching has
fittingly prepared him to present to humanity “Tree Habits”
in the popular humanizing, though scientific, style in which no
other book on trees and forestry has before been written.

The book will be read and enjoyed not only by botanists and
foresters but also by the layman and the student. It will prove
very useful as a supplementary book in High School, College
and University courses in Botany and, without doubt, will be
adopted as a textbook by many Schools of Forestry.

E. M. Gress, State Botanist.

HARRISBURG, Pa.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CEUs

MEETING OF OCTOBER 29, 1924

The meeting of this date was held at the New York Botanical
Garden. Three new candidates were elected to membership as
follows:

Dr. Charles McCoy, Presbyterian Hospital, 41 E. 7oth St.,
New York, N. Y.

Dr. Arthur P. Kelley, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
Nay:

Mr. Otto Degener, N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New
York.

The first part of the scientific program was by Mr. Otto
Degener on “ Plant Collecting in Hawaii.’’ Basing his computa-

tions upon Hillebrand’s flora, the only comprehensive book in
existence on Hawaiian plants, he stated that of the 850 species
of vascular plants in Hawaii, 75% are endemic. And of this
number 250 belong to about 40 endemic genera. This high
percentage of endemism is due partly to the isolation of the
entire group of islands, and partly to the isolation of each
island from the other by stretches of ocean 10 to 75 miles in extent.
Another factor is the range in temperature from that of the
tropics at sea level to that of regions of everlasting snow on the
mountain peaks. A third is the range in rainfall from almost
nothing in the desert to over 400 inches on the highlands of
Kauai. The floral affinity curiously enough is not with America,
the nearest continent, but rather with Indo-Malaysia.

The variable Mesquite, early introduced by a priest and now
spread throughout the arid lowlands, has become of great value.
Endemic species of Lobeliaceae are numerous, Rollandia and
Clermontia being two of the endemic genera. In areas where
the mountains are deeply eroded, the Candlenut tree, Alewrites
moluccana, is conspicuous by its glaucous foliage, while near the
rain-forest grow different Eugenias and Metrosideros. In the
rain-forest itself the tree trunks are plastered over with filmy
ferns, Ophioderma pendulum, and the epiphytic Lycopodium
phyllanthum. In such places also grow remarkable tree violets.
Treeferns, such as Cibotium Menziesii, are plentiful. Their
soft, downy ramentum or pulu was formerly used for stuffing
mattresses.

Near Kilauea Volcano a different type of vegetation occurs.
Both Psilotums are found here as well as two of the three endemic
orchids. Very few Rosaceae appear, the commonest being
Fragaria chiloensis and Rubus rosaefolius. Other common plants
in the ashfields are Lycopodium cernuum and L. venustulum,
Gleichenia, Cyathodes Tameiameiae, and Vaccinium reticulatum
or Ohelo berry, which is eaten by the Hawaiian goose. A typical
composite of this region is Raillardia scabra, noteworthy for
its relationship to a Californian genus. Strange areas in the
vicinity are the kipukas or ‘‘oases,”’ i. e., regions that have es-
caped the numerous lava flows. Here many of the rarest
plants may be found.

In the discussion which followed, Mrs. Britton remarked that
it was most interesting to find plants here identical with those
in the West Indies, e. g., Psilotum nudum.

_Dr. Michael Levine next gave a short talk entitled ‘Studies
in Plant Cancers.”

Crown gall was produced in Bryophyllum leaves by inocula-
tions of the buds in the notches of the leaves with Bacterium
tumefaciens. On 48 leaves thus inoculated, 199 globular crown
galls were formed and only 31 crown galls showed leafy shoots;
that is, one crown gall with leafy shoots developed to every eight
crown galls of the globular type. Twelve uninoculated leaves
growing under conditions which favored the development of
the marginal buds, produced 106 shoots on these leaves. A
short report on this subject appears in the November number
of the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club.

A report on the development of secondary tumors was also
given. So-called secondary tumors have been found at points
distant from the original place of inoculation. This is due to
the fact that the original inoculation is made in the region of
a growing zone. The growth of the infected tissue keeps pace
with the growth of the organ. Unlike animal cancer, crown gall
tissues do not produce infiltrating strands or secondary tumors.
Efforts to produce secondary tumors by means of such devices
as water soaking, slitting the growing points, and making long
perforations in the growing zone, yield no secondary tumors
or strands.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF NOVEMBER II, 1924

The meeting of this date was held at the American Museum
of Natural History.

The resignation of Mr. Claude E. O’Neal was accepted.

The following candidates were elected to membership:

Mr. Edwin E. Matzke, 3075 Hull Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Mrs. Paula Milton, Wildwood, Katonah, New York.

Miss Helen E. Saunders, 454 Seventh Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dr. M. A. Chrysler, Professor of Botany at Rutgers Univer-
sity, gave an illustrated lecture on “‘ Collecting Cycads In Cuba,”’
a trip which was made possible by assistance kindly furnished
by the New York Academy of Sciences. The speaker stated
that the trip occupied part of August and September of the

present year, and was restricted to the cycad fields of western
Cuba, the Isle of Pines, and Florida. The chief object was the
collection of material of Microcycas, the range of which is a very
restricted one, although on the present occasion the plant was
located at a much lower altitude than had been previously
reported. A short description was furnished of the vegetation of
a ‘“mogote’’ or limestone butte, illustrated by those which
occur in the vicinity of Vifiales. Among the distinctive plants
of these cliffs is Zamia latifoliata, while the common Zamza of
of the siliceous hills is Z. Kicksti. Lantern slides were used to
illustrate the characteristic vegetation of the regions which were
visited.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

Dr. James A. Faris, a member of the Club and for the past
three years Research Fellow at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
has been chosen by the trustees of the new Tropical Plant Re-
search to have general supervision of all field work on tropical
plant diseases, with particular reference, at present, to root rots
of the sugar cane. In his investigations at the Brooklyn Bo-
tanic Garden along the line of smut disease of cereals, Dr. Faris
made some valuable contributions of scientific and practical
significance—in particular his discovery of physiological spe-
cialization of cereal smuts. He was appointed last June a Na-
tional Research Fellow by the National Research Council to
continue these investigations at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
This position he has now resigned to take up again the work of
tropical diseases for which his former experience as plant path-
ologist at the Estacion Agronomica of the College of Agriculture,
Santo Domingo, renders him peculiarly well fitted. He is tem-
porarily located at the Harvard Laboratory, Central Soledad,
Cienfuegos, Cuba. The permanent location for the new trop-
ical field research laboratory has not yet been fixed upon.

The Tropical Plant Research Foundation was incorporated
on June 6, 1924. As stated in a recent announcement, its par-
ticular objects and business are “‘to promote research for the

advancement of knowledge of the plants and crops of the tropics;
to conduct investigations in plant pathology, entomology, plant
breeding, botany and forestry, horticulture, and agronomy, and
to publish the results thereof; and to establish and maintain such
temporary or permanent stations and laboratories as may be
necessary for the accomplishment of these objects, under the
restrictions and regulations established in its by-laws.”’

The central office of the Foundation is in Washington. The
laboratory headquarters in the United States will be at the
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Yonkers, New
York, where the facilities for this type of work are unexcelled.

Ezra Brainerd, President Emeritus of Middlebury College,
a recognized authority on the violets of North America, died at
his home in Middlebury, Vt. on December 8th, at the age of
eighty. President Brainerd was the author of the Flora of
Vermont, of The Violets of North America and of many other
botanical articles. His last publication, Violet Hybrids, ap-
peared only a few months before his death. He contributed
various papers to the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club as
well as to other botanical magazines.

At the Washington meeting of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, Dr. M. I. Pupin, Professor of
Electro-mechanics at Columbia University, was elected president
for the coming year. Professor R. B. Wylie of the State Univer-
sity of Iowa was elected vice-president to represent the Botan-
ical Section, and S. F. Trelease, Professor of Plant Physiology
at the University of Louisville, was elected secretary of the Bot-
tanical Section.

The Bennington National Forest, near Columbus, Ga. has
been created by proclamation of the President. The area was
turned over by the War Department, having been included in
the military reservation there. The forest service expects to
develop the excellent stand of Southern pine on the area and to
derive an income from it at the same time. Other army reser-
vations created during the war may also be turned over for
national forests.

Dr. William A. Murrill, after twenty years on the staff of the
New York Botanical Garden, has resigned and is nowat Gaines-
ville, Fla. At the time of his resignation Dr. Murrill was Super-
visor of Public Instruction at the Garden.

_ Dr. Frederick S. Lee, Research Professor of Biology at Colum-

bia. University, has been reelected president of the Board of
Managers of The New York Botanical Garden.

The Rockefeller Foundation has appropriated $350,000 to
help finance the new abstract journal, International Biological
Abstracts, which will begin publication the first of 1926. The
journal will give monthly abstracts of all publications of botany,
zoology, bacteriology and related sciences.

Dr. W. A. Orton has resigned as Pathologist in charge of the
Office of Cotton, Truck and Forage Crop Diseases in the Bureau
of Plant Industry, Washington to become Scientific Director
and General Manager of the Tropical Plant Research Founda-
tion.

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies

of the number of TorREYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the

editor when returning proof,

‘Reprints, should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co, Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following

rates:

4pp.| 8pp.|t2pp.| 16pp.| 20pp.| 24pP- [ 28pp. spP| 3200,| 4870, 64pP |

25 copies|$r. 40 $2.45|$3.65/8 4.40/¢ 5.65 $6.50/$ 8.00]$ 8. 45/812. 55|$15.90
Ce aaa 1.65] 2.90] 4.25] 5.10] 6.65} 7-75) 9.40] 9.85) 14.15} 17.35
(fae 1.95] 3-35] 4:85] 5-65} 7-60) 8.75} 10.45] 11.25] 15.65] 19.95
100 2.25! 3.80] 5.35] 6.35] 8.25} 9.80] 11.55] 12.45] 17.55) 22.05

150 “| | 2,70] 4.60] 6.50] 7.60] 10.20] 12.10} 14.20] 15.20] 21.35] 26.80

200 * 3.00] 5.05] 7.15] .8.35] 11.40} 13.50] 15.80} 16.85] 23.55] 29.60

300. * 3.85 6:20) 9.20] 10.70] 14.85] 17.55} 20.50] 21.05] 30.20) 37.40

/ Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 14c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00

Committees for 1925.

Finance Committee Field Committee

_~. R. A. Harpsr, Chairman. A. L. GUNDERSEN, Chairman.
jy Hi BARNHART Miss JEAN BROADHURST
E. P. BIcKNELL H. M. DENsLow
Miss C. C. Haynes G. C, FISHER

SERENO STETSON Miss E. M. Kurrer
MICHAEL LEVINE
Miss Daisy Levy
RaAyMOND H, Torrey
PERCY WILSON

Budget Committee Membership Committee
J. H. BARNHART, Chairman. J. K. SMALt, Chairman.
R. A. HarPER T. E. HAZEN
_N.L. Britton NorMAN TAYLOR
H. M. DENSLow
C. S. GAGER Local Flora Committee
. M, A. Hows N. L. Britton, Chairman.
H.H. Russy
Phanerogams: Cryptogams:
E. P. BICKNELL Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
cs ‘ \ N. L. Britton A, W. EVANS
_ Program Committee H.M.Denstow — T. E. Hazen
» A. H. GRAVEs, Chairman. W.C. Fercuson M.A. Howe
Mrs. E. G. Britton LupLow Griscom MICHAEL LEVINE
ALFRED GUNDERSEN BAYARD LONG W. A. MurrILL
T. E. Hazen K. K. MACKENZIE F. J. SEAVER
M. A. Howe G. E. NICHOLS

NORMAN TAYLOR

Chairmen on Special Committees on Local Flora
Ferns and Fern Allies: R.C. Benedict | Lichens:

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.
' Liverworts: A. W. Evans Richards
Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
Marine Algae: M. A. Howe berineae: F. J. Seaver
: Gasteromycetes: G. C, Fisher Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed
Hymenomycetes: W. A. Murrill Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B.Stout
Except Russula and Lactarius: MissG. Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
~ .S. Burlingham Cook
Cortinarius: R. A. Harper Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee
- Polyporeae: M. Levine Myxomycetes:
Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson Yeastand Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-
Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver hurst

Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memoirs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals, Volumes 1-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application. i

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred. mee of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00. :

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to

RALPH C. BENEDICT
Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vol, 25, March-April, 1925

No. 2

~ TORREYA

A Bi-MonTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL Notes AND News

EDITED FOR
THE, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS

Climbing a’ Mogote, M. A. CHRYSLER... .......0....05.--4-
~ Unreported Plants from Long Island, Part 2, N. M. Griger....

The Lilies of the Field, EpHrAiImM HA RUBENI

A New Varnish-leaf Tree from Florida, JouN K. SMALL......
‘Illustrative Material of Gaps and Traces, C. L. Witson.....
PPrgeer ump Ss Oh The CIB. eos ee Pe Ee SLY aoe ce poe eS

INES HINA LESY Cine Ce AGA F, SONU SS CGH ChUaRe ead Ae tT oy kick REN ln

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, PA.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Bots RON oe pa 39

Entered at the Post Ofice at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1925

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, Pu.D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, PH.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
RALPH C. BENEDICT, Pa.D.
BrookLyN BoTANic GARDEN
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN, Pu.D.

Associate Editors
CORNELIA L: CAREY, Pa.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M. |
ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D., Po.D. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu-D., Se:D.

H. A. GLEASON, Pu.D. M. LEVINE, Pa.D.
ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Px.D. ARLOW B. STOUT, Pa D.
Bibliographer

FRED. J. SEAVER, Pu.D.

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00a year, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE
WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorrEYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postai or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received oniy for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS —
2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

Pui ik & ww ive’

LIBRARY
NEW VORK

TORREYA “0

Xi +

Vol. 25 F No. 2
March-April, 1925

CLIMBING A MOGOTE.
M. A. CHRYSLER

Ever since reading Henderson’s “ Cruise of the Tomas Barrera”’
I had wished for an opportunity to visit those remarkable mo-
gotes, or limestone buttes of western Cuba. Although Hender-
son’s visit to Cuba was primarily for the purpose of collecting
land mollusks, the vegetation of the mogotes near Vifiales
proved so interesting that some of the conspicuous plants are
described in the book.

Through the much appreciated support of the New York
Academy of Sciences I was able in August 1924 to undertake
a trip to western Cuba for the purpose of collecting cycads
especially the endemic Microcycas calocoma Miq., material of
which was needed for morphological work. This trip afforded
the desired opportunity of exploring a mogote, for Vifiales is
not far from the Microcycas country.

After making San Diego de los Bafios my base for some days
I had the good fortune to be joined by Dr. Juan T. Roig, botan-
ist of the Cuba Experiment Station, and the success of the trip
here described was largely due to Dr. Roig’s efficient guidance.
After settling in Pinar del Rio as our base we determined to
make an early attempt to ascend one of the large mogotes, and
so on the morning of the twenty-fourth of August we gathered
our portfolios and trowels, hired a fotungo,* and rattled off
toward Vifiales. I got the impression on this and other occa-
sions that whenever the driver of a fotingo realized that he had
an American on board he considered it his duty to drive faster
than any other auto on the road. At any rate we soon left
Pinar far behind on the level country to the south, and began
to cross the first of the irregular ridges, which in contrast to the
mountains near Vifiales are siliceous in composition and have
an undulating contour—the so-called Jomas. As the ascent be-
came steeper and the road twisted right and left we gained fine
views of the south side-of the island. The vegetation of the
rounded slopes of the lJomas is rather monotonous, consisting
chiefly of Pinus caribaea Morelet, with occasional patches of

* Cuban name for a Ford car.

Quercus virginiana Mill. The soil is poor and quite resembles
that on which I had found specimens of Zamia Kickxu Mig.
at San Diego de los Bafios. After spending a half-hour in cross-
ing the ridges one comes suddenly to the rim of an extensive
flat valley, and a beautiful panorama lies spread out before him.
In this valley lies the village of Vifiales, and from the surround-
ing tobacco fields arise the mogotes, large and small, which are
readily distinguished from the lomas by their steep sides, light
color and irregular contours. Some of the mogotes such as the
one pierced by the road at “‘Km 14”’ are not larger than a
good-sized church, but these are mere outliers to the chain called
Sierra de los Organos, or Organ Mountains, which form the re-
mains of a limestone ridge extending for many miles at a short
distance north of the last siliceous ridge. After descending into
the village of Vifiales we were courteously entertained at the
home of Sefior Francisco Azcuy, who had previously acted as
guide for Dr. Roig, and who intimately knows the intricate trails
up the mogotes, through long experience in climbing them in
search of Bombax emarginata, a tree used as a source of fibre.
After ‘‘breakfast’’ we secured the services of a second guide, and
the four of us walked across about a mile of the plain country
which is regarded as choice tobacco land and also produces a
fine quality of taro. Unexpected and interesting plants were
met at every turn, including the big Euphorbia lactea used for
hedges, the showy orange Crotalaria retusa L., and a clump of
Opuntia stricta Haw. A nearly ripe fruit of this plant was cut
open by one of the guides, displaying the magenta flesh in which
the seeds are imbedded. Presently we came to the foot of Mogote
de la Bandera (‘‘flag-hill’’), so called because in the great nat-
ional days there was a man who used to post a flag on top of it.

As soon as one glances across the face of a mogote ne realizes
that here is represented a flora of great richness and variety.
With our expectations at high pitch and with our fingers itching
to get hold of one of the big Pitcatrnias which we saw reposing
in a crevice safely out of 1each, we began to examine an acces-
sible part of the cliff base. Dr. Roig was soon rewarded by lo-
cating a flowering specimen of the Peperomia which had been
named after him when only the leaves were known—a peculiar
little trailing plant with leaves a centimeter wide and shaped
like those chocolate covered tablets which I took along for sea-

sickness. More striking objects attracted the attention of the
visitor, and he began to fill up the canvas sack with specimens of
Agave spicata and Anthurium venosum Griseb., hoping to grow
them in Rutgers’ greenhouse. Both of these species are said by
Dr. Roig to be peculiar to these mogotes. Conspicuous among
the plants hanging from the cliff was the lovely Sizemensia
pendula (C. Wr.) Urb. with its trumpet-shaped white flowers
in large clusters, while several kinds of palms found lodgment
in crevices, such as the feather-leaved Gaussia princeps and the
fan-leaved Thrinax microcarpa, both of these being species re-
stricted to the limestone rocks. Among the ferns growing as
crevice plants near the base were Adiantum fragile Sw., A. len-
erum Sw., A. lrapeziforme L., A. villosum L., a dwarf form of
Aneimia (Ormithe pteris) adiantifolia and Asplenium dentatum
L., here reaching a size not observed in other stations.

So far we were collecting in a sort of bay between two parts
of the ridge, and the flora was so rich that Roig had to remind
the visitor that time was passing, and there was stiff climbing
ahead. So we asked the guides to lead on and show us the way
to ascend what looked as impregnable as Gibraltar. We soon
found that although roots were treacherous and loose rocks
worse than useless, the projections left during erosion of the
rock often made excellent footholds. Dr. Roig had warned me
not to attempt to carry a camera, for I would need to have both
hands free; I presently came to places where it seemed neces-
sary to hang on with both hands and also with one’s teeth.

After climbing for half an hour, with such collecting as we
could de during the scramble, we came to what might be des-
cribed as a steep gorge, and here we paused to put into our port-
folios the specimens we had snatched on the way, while the
guides succeeded in locating for me several specimens of Zamia
latifoliata Frenelaus, found growing in humus contained in pock-
ets of the limestone. This species well merits its name, and shows
a remarkable venation, with its nearly parrallel veins ending at
the irregularly jagged apex of each leaflet. A small terres-
trial orchid, Physurus sagraeanus Rich. was collected here, also
fine specimens of Selaginella stolonifera (Sw.) Spring.,* a species

* This identification is in doubt. Dr. W. R. Maxon, who has been kind
enough to look over my Cuban Pteridophytes, is of the opinion that the col-

lections include two species of Selaginella, and has promised to furnish names
at a later date.

growing flat upon the surface of the rock. At one side of what
I have called a gorge appeared a sort of shady grotto, into which
I went, and where I received one of the surprises of my life.
Clambering down into the grotto I had collected several strange
ferns, one of them being Asplenium myriophyllum Pr., and had
turned preparatory to climbing out, when there yawned before
me a great black shaft stretching downward to an unknown
depth. Fortunately my nerves were steady, and I managed to
emerge from the uncanny spot carrying my precious specimens
to a place of safety. There I found Dr. Roig industriously sort-
ing his specimens, and he informed me that the sierra is full of
caves and chasms.

Although we seemed to be near the top of the mountain, Dr.
Roig assured me that we were not more than half way up, and
had come only 100-150 metres. Lest we should be caught by
darkness we reluctantly prepared to descend, and were succes-
ful in reaching level ground without mishap.

A canvass of our collections showed the following species in
addition to those already mentioned: Asplenium abscissum
Willd., Cheilanthes microphylla Sw., Polypodium eqiguum Hew.
(growing on a tree-trunk), Peperomia commulata Trelease, Pilea
microphylla Liebm., Rajania Wright Olive, Samyda grandzflora
Griseb., Chiococca racemosa L. and an unnamed species of Clusia.

A few days later I was able to visit the Puerta del Ancon, a
pass in the sierra on the road from Vifiales to Esperanza. This
gave an opportunity to observe the vegetation on the north face
of a ridge, and resulted in the collection of a great clump of a
fern with grass-like leaves (Campyloneuron angusufolum Sw.
Fee), a Rhipsalis with white berries (R. cassytha L.) while on small
mogotes it was easy to collect Pitcairnia penduliflora Mez.,
Pelypodium aureum L. and several epiphytic orchids. A threat-
ening thunder cloud cut short this trip, much to my regret.

The most impressive feature of the flora of the mogotes is its
individuality. Concerning one after another of the plants Dr.
Roig informed me that the species occurs nowhere except on the
mogotes—the Thrinax, Anthurium, Agave, etc., found here are
different species from those found in other parts of western Cuba.
To ascribe these differences to the lime found in the pockets of
soil on the mogotes would be to open up an ancient controversy,
but it is difficult to persuade oneself that the chemical peculiar-

ities of the soil do not have something to do with the individual-
ity of the flora. As I told my conductor, I was already familiar
with a peat bog, a sand dune, a salt marsh; I have now added
to the list another ecological community—the mogote. So let us
prepare to jump into our fotingo and be rushed back to the
Poincianas and Crotons of Pinar del Rio.
RuTGERS UNIVERSITY,
New Brunswick, N. J.

UNREPORTED PLANTS FROM LONG ISLAND, N. Y.
II CRypTOGAMS—PART 2.*
N. M. Grier
BUNMYCE TES}:
PHY COM YCETES
ALBUGINACEAE

Albugo portulacae (DC) O. Kuntze. On Brassica oleracea in gardens.
CasHhinee AP. B:

ANCYSTILACEAE
Ancylistes closteru Pfitzer. Parasitic on Closterium.sp. C.S. H. N. M. G.
MUCORACEAE
Phycomyces nitens (Agard.) Kunze. Growing on dung in woods. CrSars
co en elegans. Link. On rat dung culture. C.S.H. M. A. B.
PERONOSPORORACEAE

Peronospora parasitica (Pers.) Fr. On Lepidium virginicum. C.S.H. A.F.B.
SYNCHITRIDACEAE

Synchytrium decipiens Farlow. Common or Amphicarpa monoica. C.S. H.
Eve be

ASCOMYCETES

ASCOBOLACEAE

Ascophanus carneus (Pers.) Boud. On dung. Lloyds Neck. N. M. G.
Ascobolus stercorarius (Bull.) Schr. On cow dung at first lake. A. F. B

* Part I appeared in the January-February number of Torreya.

tRevised by Dr. A. H. Graves, Brooklyn Botanic Garden with regard to
most convenient usage, following Saccardo’s ““Sylloge Fungorum”’ and Oude-
mann’s ‘‘Enumeratio Systematica Fungorum,”’ and Engler and Prantl.

GEOGLOSSACEAE

Geoglossum americanum (Cooke) Sacc. On moss. C.S. H. D.S. J

Geoglossum glutinosum Pers. On moss near 3d lake. C.S.H. M. A. B.
Geoglossum ophioglossoides (L.) Sacc. Mossy banks. C.S.H. D.S. J.
Leotia viscosa (Fr.) Schr. Occasional in woods. C.S.H. D.S. J.

HELOTIACEAE
Monilia cinerea Bon. On plum trees. C.S.H. A. F. B.

HELVELULACEAE

Helvella crispa (Scop) Fries. Marsh near 2nd lake. C.S.H. A. F. B.
Helvella lacunosa Fr. On ground in woods. C.S.H. D.S. J.

HY POGREACEAE

Chromochrea gelatinosa (Tode) Seaver. On rotten logs near Ist lake. C.5. H.
ACE. B:
Hypomyces hyalinus (Schw.) Tul. Common in woods. C.S. H. A. F. B.
Hypomyces chrysospermus (Bull.) Tul. Common in woods. C.S.H. A. F.B.
Nectria peziza (Tode.) Fr. West of lakes on dead limbs. C.S.H. A. F. B.
PYRONEMATACEAE
Pyronema confluens Tul. ist lake. C.S.H. A. F. B.

RHIZINIACEAE
Psilopeziza Babingtonii Berk. Rotten logs near Ist lake. C.5.H. D.S. J.

XYLARIACEAE
Daldinia concentrica De Not. On birch log in lake region. C.S.H. M.A. B

BAST DIONIVEERES

AGARICACEAE

Agaricus diminutivus PN. In woods near De Forest Estate. C.S.H. M. A.B:

Amanita phalloides var. wridis Pers. Huntington Road. C.S.H. M.A.B.

Amanita strobiluformis Fr. C.S.H. M. A. B.

The three varieties sometimes listed as alba, fulva, and livida are also reported.

Amanitopsis voluata PK. On ground between Ist and 2nd lakes. C. S. H.
(FC, Ps

Boletinus cavipes. (Opat.) Kalckb. On ground near 2nd lake. C.S.H. D.S. J.

Boletinus porosus (Berk.) PK. On moss, on ground old railway survey west
side 2nd lake. C.S. H. D.S. J.

Boletinus porosus var. opacus PK. On ground west of tower lake. C.S. H.
iD: S. Js

Clitocybe candida Bres. On ground. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Clitocybe gigantea (Quél.) Cham. Sandy soil. C.S.H. M. A. B.

Clitocybe infundibuliformis Bull. Ground in woods C.5. H. M. A. B.

Clitocybe media PK. Vicinity of lakes. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Collybia butyracea (Bull.) Quél. On decayed leaves, lake region. C. 5. H.
GACr i,

Cortinarius sp. On dead and decaying leaves west of Ist and 2nd lakes.
Crombie Gy Gik,

Hygrophorus cantharellus. Schw. Fresh water marsh near fish hatchery.
Crs, iA. B.

Hygrophorus conicus (Scop) Fr. On ground, woods. C.S. H. M. A. B.

Hygrophorus fuligineus Frost. C.S. H. M. A. B.

Inocybe cincinnata (Fr.) Gillet. On ground beneatn pine trees. C. S. H.
M. A. B.

Lactaria lignyotus. Fr. Near research laboratory in sandy soil. C. S. H.
M. A. B.

Lepiota naucona. Fr. Sandy soil. C.S.H. G.C. F.

Marasmius nigripes Schw. On oak leaves at De Forest Estate. C. S. H.
M. A. B.

Marasmius sarmentosus Berk. On fallen oak leaves and twigs. Huntington
Rodd Gao. bi. M. A. B:

Omphalia caespitosa Bot. Old tree stumps near DeForest Estate. C. S. H.
M.A. B.

Panaeolus campanulatus L. On horse dung west of 2nd lake. C.S.H. G.C.F.

Panus albido-tomentosus. Cke. On moss twigs. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Panus torulosus var. conchatus Fr. DeForest Estate. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Russula crustosa. PK. Roadsides, DeForest Estate. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Russula cyanoxantha. Schaeff. Ground, woods near lakes. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Russula roseipes (Secr.) Bres. Back of DeForest Estate. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Hyponeuris alneus (L.) Earle. On black cherry bark. C.S.H. M. A. B.

AURICULARIACEAE

Calocera cornea (Batsch) Fries. C.S.H. A. F. B.
Dacromyces chrysocemus (Bull.) Tul. Rotten branches on ground near school
house. G. C.F.

CALOSTOMATACEAE
Calostoma cinnabarinum Corda. Woods, west of lakes. C.S.H. A. F. B.

CLAVARIACEAE

Clavaria circinans. PK. Woods near lakes. C.S. H. M. A. B.
Clavaria coronata. Schw. On birch woods near lakes. C.S.H. M.A. B
Clavaria fusiformis Sow. Between 2nd and ard lakes C.S.H. G.C. F.
Clavaria pistillaris L. Ground between Ist and 2nd lakes. C.S.H. G.C.F.
Clavaria stricta, var fumida Pers. On ground. C.S.H. M.A. B.
Lachnocladium Michineri B.and C. On wet ground, Center Island. M.A. B
Sparassis tremelloides Berk. Oak stump on hill near laboratory. C. S. H.
GaGa.

CORTICIACEAE

Corticium comedens (Nees) Fr. On cherry birch. C.S.H. M.A. B.
Stereum compactum Pers. Road to Huntington. C.S.H. M.A. B.
Sterigmatocystis sp. On horse chestnut bur. C.S. H. M. A. B.

EXOBASIDIACEAE
Hirneola auricola-Judae (L.) Berk. C.S.H. M.A. B.

HY DNACEAE

Hydnum repandum L. C.S. H. A. F. B.
Irpex deformis. Fr. Woods near lakes. C.S.H. M.A. B.
Irpex fusco-violaceus (Schr.) Fr. Near lakes, on birch bark. C. S. H.
M. A. B.
LYCOPERDACEAE

Bovistella chiensis E. and M. Goat pasture. C.S.H. G. C.F.

PHALLACEAE

Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr. Frequent on soil near laboratory, and in woods.
C5 Sula, 1D, 8, JJ.
Mutinus elegans. Mont. Under old leaves in chestnut woods, Huntington

Road. (@5S.-o Mi AGB:
POLY PORACEAE

Boletus auripes PN. Huntington Road. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Boletus bicolor PK. Ground. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Boletus griseus Frost. Ground, west of 2nd lake. C.S.H. M.A. B.
Boletus indecisus PK. Woods, west of 2nd lake. C.S.H. N. M.G.
Boletus crnatipes PK. Open woods, Huntington Road. C.S.H. D.S. J
Boletus Russelli Frost. Open woods, Huntington Road. C.S.H. D.S. J.

Daedalea confragosa (Bolt.) Pers. Old stump. Sagamore Hill. Oyster Bay.
M. A. B.

Fistulina pallida B. and R. Frequent on chestnut. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Polyporus lucidus Fr, On stumps, Hempstead Plain, Hicksville. M. A. B.

Polyporus obliquus Pers. Old log to left of Sandpit. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Polyporus robiniophilus Fr. Old locust trees near village. C.S.H. M.A. B.

Polystictus abietinus (Dick.) Fr. Old limb. C.S. H.:- M.A. B.

Polystictus cinnabarinus Klotz. On chestnut posts near rectory. C. S. H.
DeSaale

Pelystictus connatus Schw. Woods, west of lakes. C.S.H. A. F.B.

Simblum sphaerocephalum Schlacht. Near Jones residence. C.S.H. N.M.G.

PUCGINIACEAE

Uremyces fragarioides. On Duchesnea indica near laboratory. C. S. H.
M. A. B.

Uromyces statices B. and C. On Statice limonium at Lloyd’s Neck, L. I.
JN Piel Bp

rf)

SPHAEROBOLACEAE
Sphaerobolus carpobolus. L. Rotten logs near tst lake. C.S. H. D.S. J.

THELOPHORACEAE

Craterellus sinuosus var. crispus Fr. On yround in woods at Tiffanys. M.
A. B.

Michinera Artocreas B. and C. C.S. H. N. M. G.

Solenia villosa Hoffm. On decaying branches of Rubus near schoolhouse.
G.S.H. M.A. B.

TILLETIACEAE
Entyloma rhodopalium (Fr.) Quél. DeForest Estate. C.S. H. M. A. B.

TREMELLACEAE

Tremella vesicaria Eng. Bot. On rotten branches and ground near schoolhouse.

Crowne GC. FE:

FUNGI IMPERFECTI

MUCEDINACEAE

Botrytis cinerea Pers. On leaves of Symplocarpus foetidus. C.S.H. A.F.B.
Mycogone incarnata Pers. On decaying Agarzcus. C.S.H. A. F. B.
Sepedonium chrysospermum (Bull.) Fr. Parasitic on Boletus near fish hatchery.
Cope SAJE. B.
Conidial stage of Hypomyces chrysospermus.
Stachybotrys lobulata Cords. On goat dung. Lloyd’s Neck. C.S.H. A.F.B.

SPHAERIOIDACEAE

Phyllosticta minima (B. and C.) E. and E. On Acer rubrum. DeForest Es-
tatermnGo. tdi N.) MG:
Phyllosticta Catalbae E. and M. On Catalpa sp. Havemeyers Estate.
oh MLO A..B.
Phyllosticta terminalis E. and M. On Leucanthée sp. C.S.H. M. A. B.
Phyllosticta smilacis E.and E. On Smilax glauca. C.S.H. M.A. B.
Phyllosticta Halstedit E. and E. On Syringa vulgaris. C.S.H. M. A. B.
Our records confirm the presence on Long Island of the following species
of Fungi listed by Burnham and Latham (1914-23) Cystopus candidus,
Taphrin alnitorqua, Chlorosplenium @ruginosum, Sclerotinia fructigena, Lach-
nea scutellata, Rosellinia subulata, Amanita Frostit, Amanitopsis vaginata,
Paneolus retirugis, Pleurotos satidus, Russula emetica, Hydnum zonatum,
Phaeodon imbricatum, Lycoperdon Cyathifcrme, Dictyophora duplicaia. Fomes
applanatus, Polystictus cinnamoneus, Uromyces polygoni, Ulocalla foliacea,
Polystictus hirsutus, Boletus auriporus, Peclystictus versicolor, Omphalis cam-
panella.

LVCHENES*
: CLADONIACEAE
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. On ground. C.S.H. S.A.G. '
Stereocaulon condensatum Hofftm. On ground. C.S.H. S. A.G.
HEPATICAE
JUNGERMANNIACEAE

Bazzania trilobata (L.) S.F. Gray. At foot of tree, 2ndlake. C.S.H. D.S. J.

MUSCIt

DICRANACEAE
Dicranum longifclium (Ehr.) Hedw. C.S.H. G.H H.

LESKEACEAE

Thetwa asprella (Schimp.) Sull. Ontree. C.S.H. D.S. J.
Ptilium Crista-castrensis (L.) De Notaris. N. M. G.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1884 -Britton, N. L. List of Algae collected near Glen Cove, L. I. Ann.
Rep. State Board Health, N. Y. IV, 379-384.

1904—Britton, N. L., Murrill, W. A., Barnhart, J H., and specialists. North
American Flora. N. Y. Botanical Garden. Vol. 1-34. Pub-
lished or in preparation.

1914—Burnham, S. H. and Latham, R.A. The Flora of the Town of South-
old, L. I. and Gardiners Island. Torreya 14.

1917—Ibid. The Flora of the town of Southold, L. I. and Gardiners Island.
First supplementary list. Torreya 17.

1917—Ibid. Corrections of the Flora of Southold, L. I. and Gardiners
Island. Torreya 17.

1921—Ibid. The Flora of the town of Southold, L. I. and Gardiners Island.
Second supplementary list, Torreya 21.

1923—Ibid. The Flora of the town of Southold, L. I. and Gardiners Island.
Third supplementary list. Torreya 23.

1924—Ibid. The Flora of the town of Southold, L. I. and Gardiners Island.
Fourth supplementary list. Torreya 24.

1914—Cushman, J. A. ‘‘Desmids from Bronx Park, N. Y. Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club, 30, 1914.

*Revised following the nomenclature of “British Lichens.’’ A Lorraine
Smith. British Museum of Natural History, 1912.

{Revised following the nomenclature of ‘“‘Second Revised List of New Eng-
land Hepaticae.” A. W. Evans. Rhodora 25.

{Revised by O. E. Jennings following nomenclature given in ‘‘Mosses of
W. Pennsylvania.’”’ O.E. Jennings Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. (1913).

Sr)

1898—Davenport, C. B. The Flora about Cold Spring Harbor. Science II-
VIII, 607-688.

1923—Evans, A. W. Second Revised List of New England Hepatical Rho-
dora 25.

1882—Farlow, W. G. The Marine Algae of New England. Appendix A.
Report U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1879, p.
1-210. Washington.

1893—Ibid. Notes on the Algae of Long Island. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.
Vol. 20.

1902—Grout, A. J. Additions to the Recorded Flora of Long Island, Torreya 2.

1914—Howe, M. A. Some Mid-winter Algae of Long Island Sound. Torreya
14.

1893—Jelliffe, S. E. A preliminary list of the plants found in the Ridgewood
water supply of the city of Brooklyn. King’s County, N. Y. Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club. 20.

1893—Jelliffe, S. E. Notes on the Flora of Long Island. Science 22.

1894—Jelliffe, S. E. Cryptogamic notes from Long Island. Bull. Torrey
Bot, Club. 21,22:

1899—Jelliffe, S. E. Flora of Long Island. Published by the author, N. Y.
City.

1904—Jelliffe, S. E. Additions to the Recorded Flora of Long Island.
Torreya 2.

1886—Pike, Nicholas. Check list of Marine Algae, based on specimens col-
lected on the shores of Long Island, from 1839-1885. Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club. 1886.

1905—Reichling, G. A. Contribution to Recorded Fungus and Slime Mold
Flora of Long Island. Torreya 5.

1913—Sumner, F. B., Osburn, A. C., Cole, L. J., Davis, B. M. A Biologi-
cal Survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Bull. U.S.
Bureau of Fisheries for 1911, Vol. 31, 2 parts, Washington.

1905—Wood, G. C. Additions to Lichen Flora of Long Island. Bryolo-
gist 8.

1914—Wood, G. C. A preliminary list of the Lichens found within a radius
of 100 miles of N. Y. City. Torreya 4.

DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, HANOVER, N. H.

HE LILiESsORy DHE FIELD

(Extract from the lecture by Dr. Ephraim Ha Reubeni on “ New Light
on the Flora of the Old and New Testaments,” given before the Club De-
cember 9, 1924. Translated from the Hebrew by David de Sola Pool.)

It may be interesting to turn our attention for a moment to
the most famous of the plants of the New Testament, the lilies
of the field, Krinon Agrion, mentioned in Matthew VI, 28, and
Luke XII, 27. In the parable, Jesus says that ‘Even Solomon
in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. But if God
doth so clothe the grass in the field, which today is, and tomorrow
yeast into the ovem..........."

What actually is the plant referred to?

Many varying answers have been given to this question.
L. Fonck,* in his “‘Streifziige durch die Biblische Flora” thinks
that it is the Lilium candidum. But this is not found at all in
Palestine and one would have to go to the Lebanon to find it.
Furthermore, the Lilium candidum is not the Greek krinen but
the Jeuivon. Tristramf in his ‘Natural History of the Bible’’
is of the opinion that it is the Anemone coronaria.

But this plant is not thrown into the oven.

Others think it to be Ranunculus asiaticus. Post} proposes the
Gladiolus. Kitto§ suggests the Lotus, while others propose the
Crocus, the Colchicum, the Tulipa praecox, the Iris, the Lil-
tum Martagon and the Lilium cephalodonium. P. Souciet{ in
his ‘‘ Recueil de dissertations critiques sur les endroits difficiles
dans |’Ecriture sainte”’ is of opinion that it is the Fritillaria im-
perialis. But this also is not in keeping with the phrase ‘‘and
tomorrow it is cast into the oven.”

In view of all these doubts and uncertainties some, therefore,
feel that in these words Jesus was not referring to any specific
plant but to the plants of the field in general. But anyone read-
ing this in its plain sense must realize that here the reference is
to some specific plant which grows abundantly, to which Jesus
could point and which his hearers would recognize for its out-
standing beauty. In my opinion, scholars have strayed very far
afield from a correct solution to this problem. They have not
proceeded from a correct conception of the question involved.
They have looked for a plant outstanding in size and color.]|
Many of them have demanded that it be a plant with red or
purple coloring, because, in their opinion, King Solomon was
robed in regal purple.

But it seems to me that a more refined taste gets more aesthetic

*Fonck, LEOPOLD. Streifziige durch die Biblische Flora. Fribourg, 1900.
PP. 53-77-

{TristRAM, HENRY B. The natural history of the Bible. London. 1889.
p. 464.

tPost, GeorGE, E. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai. Beirut.” p. 773.

§ Kitto, J. A cyclopedia of biblical literature. 3rd Ed. London. 1886.
Vol. 3. p. 845.

§ SoucteT, P. Recueil de dissertations difficiles de l’Ecriture Sainte. Paris.
1715. pp. 158, 9.

|| LEvEsquE, E. Dictionnaire de la Bible de F. Vigourant. Vol. 55. p. 283.

satisfaction in the beauty of less violent colors, and in a plant
which is not necessarily strongly assertive and springing to the
eyes of every beholder. I am of opinion that this was the taste
of the Jews of old and that this was the taste of Jesus. Jesus’
own words ‘‘And I say unto you”’ which occur so frequently in
Matthew and Luke, would seem to bear this out. These words
“And I say unto you”’ spoken of the Krinon Agrion would in-
dicate that this plant had a special beauty all its own which was
not so readily obvious to the masses, and that Jesus was calling
attention to it as would a poet revealing an unexpected beauty.

On the background of this conception of the verse I believe we
can find the correct interpretation of the “Lilies of the Field.”
Let us remember the words of the following verse, “If God so
clothe the grass in the field,’’ to which insufficient attention has
been paid. The Krinon Agrion, whatever it is, has to be of the
general character of grass. We cannot assume that thé phrase
“‘srass in the field’’ is only a figurative expression, for this is
not in keeping with Hebrew style.

What then is the solution of the problem? Among the most
ancient translations of Krinon Agrion is that of Dioscorides who
translates it ABIB-LABON. This is an ancient Hebrew name
which has been forgotten for two thousand years. From the
linguistic point of view on the one side as well as from the point
of view of nature, from the aesthetic conception involved, from
the term grass, the phrase about throwing into the oven—from
all these considerations we suggest with considerable confidence
that the “‘lily of the field”’ is the Anthemis Palestina.

In ancient Hebrew, Abib-Labon, which is Dioscorides’ trans-
lation of Krinon Agrion, means white flower. I have learned
from the mouth of the Bedouin in the district south of Gaza
that they call the Anthemis, HANUN ABIAD, which is the
Arabic for white flower. These Bedouin have lived far from
foreign influences, and have preserved the ancient name of this
plant.

The Krinon Agrion is therefore, for all these reasons, not the
Lily of the Field nor any other of the flowers with which it has
been indentified, but is the simple Anthems or daisy. The daisy
suits all the conditions demanded by the parable. It is neither
red nor purple but is beautiful with a modest and delicate beauty
of itsown. It is beautiful at all hours of the day. It is beautiful

at every period of its growth, even when it is old and even when
it is drying. When it has dried up it is gathered together with
the dried grass and cast into the furnace.

Its delicate beauty, and this, its ultimate fate, suggested to
Jesus the thought of his parable, and he points out as something
which the ordinary observer would not readily see, “‘yet I say
unto you that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed
like one of these......which today is, and tomorrow is cast into
the oven. 64".

Let us remember also that the daisy has a crown, which gives
special aptitude to the comparison with Solomon, the crowned
king. The words ‘‘the grass in the field”’ are surely and natur-
ally applicable to the Anthemis which grows like grass in Pales-
tine. The beauty of the Anthemis and its crown are particularly
noticeable in the morning’s early dawn.

Can we not imagine that the thoughts and emotions which
surged in Jesus did not always allow him easy sleep, that they
awakened him at the dawn, that he went out in the fields among
the hills walking in the early morning light over these fields of
the delicate Anthemis with its simple crowned beauty, and that
on some such morning there was born in the heart of Jesus this
beautiful parable?

A NEW VARNISH-LEAF TREE FROM THE FLORIDA
KEYS

JoHN K. SMALL.

Two species of Dodonaea have heretofore been known to grow
in Florida. However, these were generally misinterpreted until
well within this century. A large-leaved kind—Dodonaea vw1s-
cosa—is rather rare on the coasts of the peninsula, while a
smaller-leaved shrub—D. jamaicensis—grows both in the coast-
al regions and in the interior. Several years ago a third
species was discovered on Big Pine Key. It was provisionally
referred to the West Indian D. Ehrenbergi*. Recent studies
show that it is not referrable to any tropical American species
and indicate that the Florida Key plant has not yet been des-
cribed. It may be named and described as:

* Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 22: 50. 1921.

Dodonaea microcarya Small, sp. nov. A shrub or a small tree
6 m. tall, with a trunk diameter up to 15 cm., the bark rough,
the twigs reddish, glabrous: leaves numerous; blades cuneate
to obovate-cuneate or broadly spatulate, 1-5 cm. long, usually
less than 4 cm., thick, entire, rounded or emarginate at the apex,
glabrous, short-petioled: flowers not seen; fruit suborbicular
in outline, often somewhat depressed, less than 1 cm. wide,
usually 5-7 mm. across the wings, emarginate at the apex and
tipped with the blunt style base, short-stipitate, the pedicel as
long as the fruit or shorter; seeds subglobose, nearly 2 mm. in
diameter, smooth but scarcely shining—Hammocks, Big Pine
Key, Florida.

This plant has no close relative among the Dodonaea of the
American tropics. Its foliage somewhat resembles that of the
Hawaiian Dodcnaea spatulata, but the leaf-blades are more de-
cidedly cuneate and the fruits are much smaller. The type
specimens collected on the northern part of Big Pine Key,
Florida, May 8, 1919, by John K. Small, Alfred Cuthbert, and
Paul Matthaus, number 9105, are in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden.

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL OF GAPS AND TRACES
IN TEACHING PLANT ANATOMY.

C. L. Witson.

As every teacher of plant anatomy knows, it is easy to demon-
strate leaf and branch gaps as seen in a cross section of the stem.
This is usually accomplished by free-hand sections through the
stem, the sections being laid out in series until the whole of the
gap is seen, from the passing out of the trace to the closing of
the gap. Most herbaceous stems will serve for this purpose, as
well as some woody stems in which little secondary growth has
occurred. Fern rhizomes, particularly those of Dennstaedtia and
Adiantum, are especially effective, since there are no branch
traces to confuse the beginning student.

It is not so easy, however, for the beginner to visualize the
nodal region of a stem as it would appear in face view with the
cortex removed. Such a stem may be found in mullein (Ver-
bascum Thapsus L.). In old stems which have been exposed to
the action of the weather for a year or longer, it will be found

that the cortex has entirely disappeared. The leaf gaps in such
a stem are conspicuous by their size. In the upper regions of
the stem in which the gap has not been buried in secondary wood,
they may measure from five to ten mm. in height and three to
five mm. in width at the base.

The best material which the writer has seen is the’ decorti-
cated stems of Decodon verticillaius (L.) Elliott, an aquatic
perennial rather widely distributed in the eastern United States.
In this form, which is found on the borders of ponds, the aerial
stems die down every year, and commonly lie in the water all
winter. The action of the bacteria in the water in removing the
pith and cortex may be completed by boiling the stem a short

Nodal anatomy in Decodon. bg, branch gap; bt. branch trace; lg, leaf gap;
It, leaf trace.

time in caustic potash. A face view of traces and gaps in this
form is seen in the accompanying figure. Although the gaps are
small, they may be easily studied with the naked eye. Except
toward the base of the slender stems, secondary growth is small
in amount, and the branch gap, which is commonly obscured
first by cambial activity, is readily distinguished. The leaf trace
is single, and the leaf gap extends upward until it merges with
the branch gap. The branch trace arises from the sides of this
common gap, and unites shortly after passing off from the stele.
The condition here illustrated is probably a common one in
woody plants.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE

41
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB.
MEETING OF NOVEMBER 26, 1924.

The meeting of this date was held at the New York Botanical
Garden. The following were elected to membership in the Club:

Miss Olive Baron, 237 141st Street, Belle Harbor, L. I.

Miss Dorothy Buob, 341 West 50th St., New York, N. Y.

Miss Ella Chessler, 2127 81st St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mrs. Lewis B. Fairbanks, Bainbridge, Chenango Co., N. Y.

Mr. Charles Just, 164 Grove St., Passaic, N. J.

Miss Mary E. Reid, Boyce Thompson Inst., Yonkers, N. Y.

Mr. Benjamin O. Towne, 351 East 19th St., New York, N. Y.

Mr. Edward DuVivier, 7 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y.

The resignation of Dr. Isaac Levin was accepted.

Dr. N. L. Britton spoke briefly of the new New York State
Museum Bulletin, No. 254, entitled ‘‘An annotated list of the
Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York State’’, by Dr. Homer
D. House. This work includes records of stations, and biblio-
graphical references to date, making use also of the large amount
of material available at the Museum herbarium at Albany. Dr.
Britton stated that Teesdalia nudicaulis found by Bicknell on
Long Island was not recorded. <A specimen of this from the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden was exhibited
and Dr. Britton remarked that a record of the find may not
have been published. Dr. Britton felt that there were, perhaps,
some inconsistencies in the work; e. g. in the Orchidaceae, Dr.
House recognizes such genera as Gymnadeniopsis, Limnorchis,
Lysias, Blephariglottis, etc., but in the Lentibulariaceae he does
not divide Utricularia into the different genera of Barnhart.

‘“Photoperiodism in Chara’’ was the title of the talk which
followed, by Mr. J. S. Karling. As to periodicity in the fructi-
fication of algae, there are two ideas prevalent: either that
environmental conditions do not greatly affect the development
of sexual organs, and that it is the result of inherent or inherited
tendencies, or that the periodicity is entirely determined by
external conditions.

Chara fragilis, the species worked with, is said to fruit natur-
ally from June to September. Mr. Karling stated that by pro-
longing the day with the use of artificial illumination, the devel-
opment of antheridia and oogonia can be induced abundantly

in a few days, in mid- and late winter. Within wide limits the
response is not dependent on the intensity of illumination, under
the conditions observed. Other results of the artificial illumi-
nation were lengthening of the internodes, shortening of the
leaves, reduced branching, etiloation, and a general spindling
habit in the plants. Very few of the eggs developed into mature
oospores. The experiments indicate also that temperature is a
factor of secondary importance in determining the production
and functional activity of the sexual organs.

In the discussion which followed, Mr. Karling said that the
age of the plants had nothing whatever to do with the produc-
tion of sexual organs, young and old alike responding to the
artificial illumination.

ARTHUR A. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF DECEMBER 9, 1924.

The meeting of this date was held at the American Museum
of Natural History. The program of the evening consisted of
an illustrated lecture by Dr. Ephraim Ha Reubeni entitled,
‘New light on the flora of the Old and New Testaments.”’ Dr.
Ha Reubeni said that the translators and expositors of the
Bible talk of plants which do not grow at all in places where they
are assumed to grow, such as the Urtica, by which they usually
translate the Harul of Proverbs XXIV, 31. Urtica does not
grow in the open fields as is claimed for the Harul of this verse.
No lily, as such, which might be referred to in ‘‘the lily of the
fields,’ grows in Palestine.

Also many flowers highly characteristic of Palestine and con-
spicuously mentioned in the Bible, have not been recognized by
biblical scholars. Examples are the Kimosh which is in reality
the Ammi (Ammi Visnaga and Ammi majus). The Sirim of
the Old Testament is Pcierium spinosum, found generally in the
mountain country. Zizyphus spina Christi is the biblical Atad.
Bata ot Isaiah V, 6, is translated as ‘‘ waste place.’’ Asa matter
of fact, Bata is the name of Vitex Agnus castus famed of old for
therapeutic qualities and found today growing by the side of
brooks.

There are plants not mentioned as such in the Bible, but their
names have been preserved in the names of persons or places,

e. g. Mayish (Celtis australis) which appears in the proper name
Mishael. From Refah (Artemisia monosperma) one of the de-
scendants of Ephraim is named. Matricaria aurea is used by the
women of Palestine for a tea taken at childbirth.

During the winter season, which is rainy, the plants have a
green, succulent aspect, while in summer, when rain never falls,
they have quite a different appearance, some becoming quite
hard and thorny. Thus it is that the Psalmist says: Ps. 32:4,
‘For day and night the land was heavy upon me; my moisture
is turned into the drought of summer.”

Two oaks are common: Quercus lusitanica in the central
part of the country and Q. coccifera to the southward. The
former is the biblical Nahalulim, while the latter is Nazusim.

As to what plant is meant by the lilies of the field, in ‘Even
Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these,’’ Dr.
Ha Reubeni believes for various reasons* that Anthemis pal-
estina was indicated.

(An abstract of Dr. Ha Reubeni’s address is printed in this
issue.)

ARTHUR A. GRAVES,

Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

Cueck List oF THE FLORA OF THE VICINITY OF
NEw YORK

Local botanists have suggested that a check list of the names
in the writer’s ‘‘Flora of the Vicinity of New York’’ would be
useful on field trips and in checking collections.

Such a list will be prepared if there is sufficient demand for it,
at fifty cents a copy, to cover printing and postage. In order to
make the list of use to those who are familiar with only one of
the manuals, the names used in the ‘Flora of the Vicinity of
New York”’ and the ‘‘Gray Manual’’ will both be included.
There will be, also, symbols indicating where the different species
are chiefly found. Additions since the “Flora of the Vicinity of
New York” will be included. If interested, write to Norman
Taylor, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y.

* See Torreya 25: 35-38.

Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton with Mr. Kenneth Boynton re-
turned on the thirteenth from Porto Rico with a valuable col-
lection of plants for the New York Botanical Garden.

Dr. Mel Cook of the United States Department of Agriculture
spent part of the Christmas vacation at the Botanical Garden.

Mr. Carlos E. Chardon, Commissioner of Agriculture and
Labor of Porto Rico spent a few days at the Botanical Garden
recently. He is engaged with Dr. F. J. Seaver on a list of the
fungi of the Porto Rico.

Dr. John K. Small is in charge of a party travelling by motor
truck from Cape Sable around the Gulf and across Texas to
El Paso. The party are camping along the way and collecting
where conditions seem interesting and will investigate the various
floral regions they come to.

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of TorrEYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following
rates:

4pp.| 8pp.|12pp.| 16pp-| 20pp.| 24pp.| 28pp.| 32pp.| 48pp.| 64pp

25 copies $1.40/$2.45|$3.65|$ 4.4016 5.65] $6.50|$ 8.001% 8.45/$12.55|$15.90
BOG 1.65] 2.90] 4.25} 5.10} 6.65] 7.75] 9.40] 9.85] 14.15] 17.35
75 1.95] 3.35] 4.85] 5.65] 7.60) 8.75] 10.45] 11.25] 15.65] 19.95

100 i 2.25] 3.80] 5.35] 6.35] 8.25] 9.80] 11.55] 12.45} 17.55] 22.05
150 2.70! 4.60] 6.50] 7.60} 10.20] 12,10] 14.20] 15.20] 21.35} 26.80
200 es 3:00] 5.05] 7.15] 8.35] 11.40] 13.50} 15.80] 16.85] 23.55| 29.60
300 3.85] 6.20] 9.20] 10.70] 14.85] 17.55| 20.50] 21.05] 30.20] 37.40

Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 1}4c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00

’ Committees for 1925.
Finance Committee Field Committee

R. A. HARPER, Chairman. A. L. GUNDERSEN, Chairman.
. H. BARNHART Miss JEAN BROADHURST
tss C. C. HAYNES H. M. DENSLow

SERENO STETSON G. C. FISHER
Mee Miss E. M. Kuprer
MiIcHAEL LEVINE
Miss Daisy LEvy
RaymMonp H, Torrey
PERCY WILSON

Budget Committee Membership Committee

J. H. BARNHART, Chairman. J. K. SMALL, Chairman.

R. A. HARPER T. E. HAZEN

N. L. Britton NORMAN TAYLOR

H. M. DENsLow

iF ot GAGER Local Flora Committee

. A. HOWE N. L. Brirron, Chai ;
_H.H. Russy Spee ee
Phanerogams; Cryptogams:

E. P. BICKNELL Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
N. L. BRITTON A. W. EvANs

Program Committee | H.M.Denstow T.E. Hazen
A. H. Graves, Chatrman. W.C. Fercuson M.A. Howe
Mrs. E.G. BRITTON LupLow Griscom MICHAEL LEVINE
Ty. E. Hazen BAYARD LONG W. A. MurRRILL
-M. A. Howe K. K. MACKENZIE F. J. SEAVER

G. E. NIcHOLS
NORMAN TAYLOR

Chairmen of Special Committees on Local Flora
Ferns and Fern Allies: R.C. Benedict Lichens:

Mosses: Mrs. E. G, Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.
Liverworts: A. W. Evans - Richards
Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
Marine Algae: M.A. Howe berineae: F. J. Seaver
Gasteromycetes: G. C. Fisher Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed
Hymenomycetes: W. A. Murrill Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout
_ Except Russula and Lactarius: Miss G. Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
S. Burlingham Cook
Cortinarius: R. A. Harper Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee
Polyporeae: M. Levine Myxomycetes:
Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson Yeastand Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-
Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver hurst

Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A pi aabhey journal devoted to general botany, established
1870. , Vol. 49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum.
For Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soo Square,
London, are agents for England.

Of former volumes, 24-47 can be supplied separately
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers. has been
reserved for the completion of sets. Single copies (40.
cents) will be furnished only when not eae Coles |
volumes.

(2) MEMOIRS

The Menorrs, established 1889, are published at irregu- ,
lar intervals. Volumes 1-17 are now comipleted. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A-list of titles of the individual papers and of prices ay
be furnished on application. !

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta aa Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00. |

Correspondence Piatine to the above publications should
be addressed to

RALPH C. BENEDICT
Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn, N.Y.

Vol. 25 May-June, 1925 No.

TORREYA

A Bi-MontTHLY JouRNAL or BOTANICAL NOTES AND NEWws
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS

A Botanically Remarkable Locality in the Tallahassee Red Hills, RoLAND

M. HARPER

Further Notes on Calypso, HENry MousLEY

An Additional Anychia from Pennsylvania, Joan K. SMALL

Book Review:

‘Curtis’s A Guide to the Trees, MArsHALL A. Howe

Proceedings of the Club

IN GATTISCAIN FN 1 SRST Sang Ne Th cea na Se ad REGAL Ca SRS Ak OA

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1925

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, PuH.D., Sc.D.

Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pu.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
RALPH C. BENEDICT, Pu.D.
BROOKLYN Botanic GARDEN
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN, PH.D.

Associate Editors
A. F. BLAKESLEE, Pu.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M.
CORNELIA L. CAREY, Pu.D. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu.D., Sc.D.
ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D., Po.D. M. LEVINE, PH.D.

Hi, “A, (GLEASON;,, -Pa.D: ARLOW B. STOUT, Pu D.
ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Pu.D.
Bibliographer

MRS. HELEN S. HILL

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A, HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaiming, at $15.00 a year, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE
WiLtp FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorreEva is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. _Postai or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received only for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLuB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Dr. Ralph C: Benedict, Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

GEORGE T. HASTINGS
2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

1925

su a

LAN
NEW ¥
BOT

TORREYA BARnvas

Vol. 25 No. 3
May-June, 1925

;

MO WANCICALLY REMARKABLE LOCALITY IN THE
LACEAHASSEE RED HILLS OF MIDDLE FLORIDA

RoLAND M. HARPER

At the time of the publication of my Geography and Vegeta-
tion of Northern Florida, late in 1914,* automobiles were rather
a scarce luxury, and exploring by means of horse and buggy was
but little better than walking, and my observations in the region
designated as the Tallahassee red hills were practically confined
to what I could see in walking out from Tallahassee and back
the same day, a radius of ten or twelve miles.t| Consequently
I had never seen Lake Miccosukee, one of the four large shallow
lakes of the region, which is about twenty miles northeast of
Tallahassee.

In the work cited (page 277) I mentioned the remarkable
dearth of rare plants in this region, a region which has no
counterpart anywhere else in the world, and ought presumably
therefore to have at least a few endemic plants. That state-
ment now requires modification.

Early in January, 1924, I returned to Tallahassee after one of
my periodic absences in other states, and found the post of
assistant professor of botany at the Florida State College for
Women occupied by Dr. Herman Kurz, who possessed an
automobile and a fondness for exploring the surrounding country
with it. I soon went on trips with him to various places which
had previously been out of my reach; and on Monday afternoon,
February 18th,f we headed for Lake Miccosukee. Dr. Kurz

* Ann. Rep. Fla. Geol. Survey, 6: 167-437.

+ Miss Laura Gano, who studied the vegetation of this neighborhood be-
tween 1908 and 1910, and published an account of it in the Botanical Gazette

several years later (63: 337-372. 1917), was probably even more restricted
in her explorations, and did not do justice to any of the large lakes.

t Not Sunday as stated in a Science Service news item in Science for Oct. 10,
1924 (and copied in the Literary Digest for Nov. 15). That item seems to
have been written by a friend of Dr. Kurz’s, who was in Florida at the time
of the discovery here described, and had some inside information as well as
a little misinformation. (This correction is made for the benefit of the
“fundamentalists’’ and others who might think there was something repre-
hensible about discovering new species on Sunday.)

had previously been to the west side of the lake, and thought the
woods on the other side looked interesting from the distance;
so at his suggestion we went around to the northeast side to
see what we could find.

Lake Miccosukee is roughly triangular in shape, with an area
of about eight square miles, and is all in Jefferson County, but
its western shore forms part of the boundary between the
counties of Leon and Jefferson. The road we followed ended
at a duck-hunter’s boat-house known as Dogwood Landing, on
the northeast side of the lake about two miles from its north-
west corner, and five miles south of the Georgia line. This
lake, like others of its class, is shallow enough for maiden cane
(Panicum hemitomon), various Nymphaeaceae, and other
aquatics to grow nearly all over it, and at times it is almost
completely dry.* The shallowness of the water, combined
with the vegetation, checks wave action and prevents the forma-
tion of sandy beaches.

At the point where we first stopped the shore is low, miry,
and ill-defined, and bordered by scattered cypress trees, Tax-
odium distichum, which had not been reported from this region
before.t With the cypress, or a little farther back from the
water but still in miry ground, are the following plants, besides
others not easily identifiable when leafless. (They are ar-
ranged in approximate order of abundance.)

TrEES:—Acer rubrum, Liquidambar, Diospyros, Quercus nigra,
QO. Michauxii, Melia Azedarach (introduced), Celtis sp., Salix
N1gra.

SuruBs:—Cephalanthus, Cyrilla racemiflora, Styrax Americana.

Woopy VINES:—Tecoma radicans, Ampelopsis arborea, Rhus
radicans, Parthenocissus, Vitis aestivalis (?), Bignonia crucigera.

HeErsBs:—Tillandsia usneoides, Hibiscus sp., Pontederia.

A little farther southeast along the lake shore, say half a mile
from Dogwood Landing, the land rises more steeply from the
lake, forming a low bluff or slope perhaps twenty feet high, with
a horizontal distance of 100 to 200 feet from the top of the
bluff to the edge of the water; and that continues for another

* See E. H. Sellards, Ann. Rep. Fla. Geol. Surv. 3: 58-61, pl. 6: 6: 130-133,
137; 9: 124-127, Ppl. 8.

j In Lake Lafayette there is an abundance of cypress, but it seems to be
all 7. wmbricarium.

half mile if not farther. From the top of the bluff cultivated
and abandoned fields and groves of second-growth pines (mostly
Pinus echinata) extend northward for an indefinite distance;
but the slopes are still wooded with what appears to be virgin
forest, except for an occasional chinaberry tree (Melia), which
sometimes invades rich woods in the South much as Prunus
Avium does around New York.

Looking southeast along shore of Lake Miccosukee near Dogwood Landing,
showing Pontederia and Panicum hemitomon in foreground, Taxodium distichum
at left, and wooded bluff in distance. 4:03 p.m., Feb. 18, 1924.

Although the vegetation of the lake shores and bluff includes
several species that are rather fond of limestone (such as Taxodt-
um distichum, Ampelopsis arborea, Quercus Schneckii, Tilia,
Acer Floridanum, Ulmus fulva, Cercis, Adelia ligustrina, Ptelea,
Arisaema Dracontium, Tovara, Spigelia, Polymnia Uvedalia, and
Eupatorium incarnatum), no rock of any kind was seen on the
northeast side of the lake, and several borings made on the
wooded slope with a three-foot auger by Dr. Kurz revealed

nothing but sandy red clay with a slightly acid reaction, much
the same as can be seen on almost any hillside in this whole
region. (A chemical analysis might tell a different story, but
that has not been possible yet.) Some of the plants also are
rather partial to river-banks (e.g., Taxodium, Celtis, Salix,
Calycocarpum), but we have no evidence that Lake Miccosukee
was ever connected with any river. The forest is pretty well
protected from fire by the slope of the bluff with water at its
base, and there is considerable humus in the soil, but that
alone would not account for the luxuriance of the vegetation
and the predominance of deciduous trees.* If it were not for
the presence of the Spanish moss, 7zllandsia usneoides, any one
entering this forest in twilight could easily imagine aise
to be somewhere in Ohio or Kentucky.

On account of the very interesting vegetation, and especially
one plant which will be referred to more particularly below, I
made four more visits to the place in 1924, in March, April,
May and December. Being out of the state from the middle of
Mayyj to the first of November, I had no opportunity to study
the summer and fall flora, and have probably missed a few
species that are not' recognizable in winter and spring. But such
an opportunity cannot be counted on this year either, so it seems
desirable to place on record some of the facts about this very
interesting locality without waiting for a more complete list of
plants.

The following list applies only to the wooded bluff slopes on
the northeast side of the lake, and not to those on the west sidet
or to the miry lake shores, which have already been discussed.
The plants are divided into large trees, small trees, woody vines,
shrubs, and herbs, and arranged as nearly as possible in order
of abundance in each group. Evergreens are indicated by heavy
type, and introduced species by parentheses.

* See Bull. Torrey Club 41: 218-219. 1914.

{ See Torreya 24: 77-83. Oct. 1924.

t The sink or subterranean outlet of the lake, which is on the west side
about opposite Dogwood Landing, was visited by the writer with Dr. Kurz
and Mr. Coville on March 2, 1924, and found to be at the foot of a steep wooded
bluff, but on and around this bluff we saw practically no lime-loving or other
specially noteworthy plants, and the flora was about the same as in any
moderately rich woods in the Tallahassee red hills.

LARGE TREES

Quercus Schneckii (?) Prunus serotina
Quercus Michauxii Celtis sp.
Liquidambar Styraciflua (Melia Azedarach)
Tilia sp.* Quercus Virginiana
Fraxinus Americana Hicoria sp.

Acer Floridanum Pinus Taeda

Ulmus fulva Magnolia grandiflora

Ulmus alata
SMALL TREES

Prunus Caroliniana Persea Borbonia
Cercis Canadensis Morus rubra
Tlex opaca

WOODY VINES

Bignonia crucigera Rhus radicans
Parthenocissus quinquefolia Vitis rotundifolia
Smilax rotundifolia ? Smilax lanceolata
SHRUBS
Grossularia echinella Callicarpa Americana
Adelia ligustrina Ptelea trifoliata
Aesculus Pavia Asimina parviflora
HERBS
Tovara Virginiana Polymnia Uvedalia
Calycocarpum Lyoni Oplismenus setarius
Tillandsia usneoides Eupatorium incarnatum
Arisaema Dracontium Polypodium polypodioides
Spigelia Marilandica Trillium Underwoodii

Tradescantia sp.

The most remarkable thing about the vegetation (disregarding
the identity of the species) is the fact that the first evergreen
tree comes twelfth on the list, and there seem to be no evergreen

* In the last few years, since the splitters have been at work on this genus,
it is practically impossible to identify the described forms in the field without
a manual, or in winter even with a manual (much as in Crataegus). They all
have much the same bark, wood, flowers and habitat, and the 15 alleged species
and several varieties described in the 1922 edition of Sargent’s Manual of
North American trees are distinguished mainly by the pubescence and ser-
ration of the leaves. The 17 Tilia cuts in that work do not show any important
differences, and there is possibly no one who could identify them all if they
were separated from the accompanying text. Such forms cannot be distinct
species in the same sense as those of Pinus, Quercus, etc., now commonly
recognized.

shrubs. There are more evergreens among the small trees and
vines, but it is probably safe to say that not one-tenth of the
vegetation is evergreen; which can hardly be said of any other
equal area in Florida, outside of the alluvial bottoms of the
Apalachicola River. Elsewhere I have found a correlation be-
tween scarcity of evergreens and abundance of potassium com-
pounds in the soil,* but whether or not that will hold here we
have no direct evidence yet.

Neither Ericaceae nor Leguminosae were observed, for the
former seem to avoid lime and potash and the latter humus;
but some of the latter might possibly be found in summer.
Until a more complete list of plants is available it is hardly
worth while to discuss the families most largely represented,
the prevailing flowering seasons, colors of flowers, modes of dis-
semination, etc.

Taxodium distichum, Ulmus fulva, Adelia, Ptelea, Tovara, and
Calycocarpum had not been reported from this region before, but
most of them can be found on the Apalachicola River bluffs or
in the Marianna red lands farther west. By far the most in-
teresting plant in the list is Grossularia echinella. Although it
is more abundant in the area under consideration than all the
other shrubs combined, it is not known anywhere else in the
world, and not described in any book; and therefore some par-
ticulars about the circumstances under which it was found will
be of interest.

Soon after entering the rich woods southeast of Dogwood
Landing with Dr. Kurz on the date named (Feb. 18, 1924) I was
surprised to see a few specimens of a currant or gooseberry
(both of which were formerly included in the genus Rides).
Although no such plant had been found anywhere near Florida
before, at first it did not occur to me that it might be an unde-
scribed species, and I was inclined to refer it to Ribes (Gros-
sularia) curvatum Small, whose nearest known stations were
Stone Mountain, Georgia, and the mountains of Alabama,
over 200 miles away and in a perceptibly cooler climate. Its
leaves were then about half grown, and we guessed that it would
be in bloom about two weeks later. As the afternoon was then
well advanced, we did not go more than a quarter of a mile or so
into the forest after finding the first specimens of the gooseberry,

*See Bull. Torrey Club 40: 398-399. 1913.

but the farther we went the more abundant it became; and in
May; about half a mile farther in the same direction, we found
at least an acre in deep woods a little farther from the lake so
densely covered with the same plant that it was difficult to
walk through without tearing one’s clothes on the sharp thorns.

Rich woods on northeast side of Lake Miccosukee about one-half mile
southeast of Dogwood Landing, showing Fraxinus Americana, Quercus
Schneckti, etc. 4:28 p.m., March 2, 1924. Grossularia echinella occurs
near by, but does not happen to appear in this view. Note the scarcity of
shrubs and evergreens. It is interesting to compare this with fig. 5 in Geol.
Surv. Ala Monog. 8 (1913), taken on a limestone slope in the Tennessee
Valley, and fig. 42 in 6th Ann. Rep. Fla. Geol. Surv. (1914), taken on a lime-
stone slope in West Florida. All three pictures were taken in March, when
most of the trees were leafless, and a few plants are common to all three places.

On February 29th Mr. F. V. Coville arrived in Tallahassee for
a brief visit on his way to West Florida, and as he had done con-
siderable work with the Grossulariaceae I told him of our find,
and of our plans to visit the place again soon to look for flowers,
and he readily accepted an invitation to go along. On March
2nd we revisited the spot and found the gooseberry in bloom,

and Mr. Coville almost immediately pronounced it a new
species. (He described it as soon as possible thereafter,* with-
out even waiting to learn the color and taste of the ripe fruit
which was not available until June.) Dr. Kurz and Mr. Coville
went there again about four weeks later, and on April 22nd I
conducted Dr. John K. Small and his party to the spot, and

Looking across a slough near Lake Miccosukee about 34 mile southeast of
Dogwood Landing. Trees in foreground mostly Fraxinus lanceolata (?).
On slightly higher ground just beyond can be seen the edge of a dense mass of
Grossularia echinella covering an acre or more. 5:40 p.m., May I0, 1924.

found the fruit about two-thirds grown. Dr. Kurz took Dr.
Frank Thone and two entomologists from the University of
Florida there on April 27th, and me again on May tIoth, and
Mr. Coville went to the place from Thomasville, Ga., late in
June to get the ripe fruit. Dr. Kurz was there again in October,
and he and I together on December 15th.

* Jour. Agric. Research 28: 71-74, pl. z. ‘‘April 5”’ [June] 1924. If the
specific name is a substantive it should be written Echinella; and if it is an
adjective those who do not separate Grossularia from Ribes will write it
echinellum.

Some weeks before Grossularia echinella was formally de-
scribed, newsof the discovery got into several Florida newspapers,
and led many people to imagine that because it was something
new it must necessarily be valuable (unmindful of the fact that
nearly all our food plants have been known for centuries, and
we did not even know at that time whether this gooseberry was
edible or not). This brought several requests from perfect
strangers for living plants, but naturally we did not care to
make such a long journey to accommodate them, and incidentally
contribute to the extermination of a very rare plant before it
was even named. Several people also bobbed up with stories of
gooseberries they had seen in other places not far away, but all
such reports proved to pertain to the genus Polycodium (Vac-
ciniaceae), the species of which are commonly krown as goose-
berry in the South.

A brief description of Grossularia echinella may be of interest
to readers who do not have access to Mr. Coville’s publication.
It is a shrub three or four feet tall when full grown, with slender
arched stems which often take root where they touch the
ground. The leaves are much like those usual in the genera
Grossularia and Ribes, (palmately lobed, as in several other
families of Polypetalae), and there is a pair of sharp stipular
spines at every node. The ovary, calyx-tube or hypanthium
(as it is variously interpreted) when in flower is densely covered
with soft green spines, which as the fruit develops become larger
and farther apart, but hardly stiff enough to cause serious dis-
comfort if one wishes to bite into the berry. When full grown
the berry is about an inch in diameter, and somewhat inter-
mediate in appearance between a small chestnut burr and a
green jimson weed pod. It is the largest and spiniest of any
American species of the genus. The spines number perhaps
two or three hundred to the fruit, and are gland-tipped.

Another peculiarity of this species is its leaf development.
According to Dr. Kurz, when he visited the place last October
the bushes were practically leafless, but new leaves were just
beginning to show. At the middle of December they were flat-
tened out and approximately half grown, just as they were in
February. So apparently the leaves remain half developed
through the winter and complete their growth in spring, unlike
any other deciduous shrub known to me. Just what effect a

severe freeze has on them remains to be seen. At the time of
the first discovery it was just six weeks after a minimum tem-
perature of about 16° F. in Tallahassee, which killed many cul-
tivated woody plants to the ground; and it is possible that the
leaves we first saw had all come out since that freeze.

The inhabitants within several miles of the place seem to be
all negroes, and we have not yet heard that any of them know
any name or use for Grossularia echinella, although according
to Mr. Coville its fruit is sweet and juicy. * But we have not
talked about it much locally, for fear of giving the impression
that it is something valuable and thus causing a raid on it.
Several specimens that have been transplanted to yards in
Tallahassee are growing nicely.

TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA.

FURTHER NOTES ON CALYPSO
HENRY MOUSLEY

I have found an Orchis:
“What of that?” you say,
T’is a proof that miracles
Happen every day.

The above lines, I believe, are attributable to Mrs. Talbot
Clifton, the authoress of ‘“‘ Pilgrims To The Isles of Penance,”
“Orchid gathering in the East’’, or as it was to have been
called, ‘‘The Orchid Pilgrimage,’ and I have chosen them as
being a somewhat appropriate heading to this further paper on
the underground development of Calypso. In my first article
on the subject—see the “‘Journal of the New York Botanical
Garden” for February 1924—it seemed to me that I had covered
the ground fairly well, but even after years of patient research,
it is no surprise to the orchid hunter to find new wonders awaiting
him, not only above, but below ground also. It is in the study
of the latter phase more especially, that I am meeting with new

* SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE. Dr. Kurz visited the locality on June 2, 1924,
a few days’ before leaving Florida for the summer, and found the goose-
berries not quite ripe. But Mrs. Kurz gathered some of them, and the
next morning made from them some jelly, which in both color and taste
was very similar to apple jelly.

surprises, not exactly every day, but so frequently, as no doubt
to justify my use of the above lines of Mrs. Talbot’s, and the
further recording of my experiences with Calypso during the
year 1924.

As most people will no doubt remember, the month of May
was anything but warm, in consequence of which, Calypso was
somewhat behind time in making its appearance, and it was not
until the 25th, that it could be said to be fully out, this being a
week behind the average time for the past six years. On the
18th, I was fortunate in discovering a fourth station for the
species, containing nine plants, and again on the 22nd, a fifth
station of five plants, one of which was a lovely snow-white
example. I have already referred to the fact, that if Calypso
depended entirely upon its seeds for propagation, it would very
soon become extinct, which fact was again forcibly brought to
my notice, for out of fifty plants examined this season, three only
bore capsules, one of which will be seen in our plate Fig. No. 1,
the capsule bearing the persistent perianth, together with
another capsule Fig. No. 1a, from one of the other two plants.
These were found on August 2, and at that date had dehisced
ascan beseen. Figures Nos. 2 and 8, are interesting as showing
the development of two new buds, one on-each side of the old
tuber, in place of the usual single one. This producing of two
instead of the usual single bud, appears to be not uncommon,
several examples having come under my notice, one of which
has already been shown in my previous paper Fig. No. 3, and
the other will be touched upon later as Fig. No. 10 in the present
plate. We now come to Figures Nos. 3 and 4, probably the
most interesting of the whole series, and kindly sent me by my
friend Mr. L. M. Terrill of St. Lambert, Que., he not knowing
at the time, what was hidden away in the earth surrounding
these plants, which were intended I should transplant at Hatley.
They came from near Metis, on the northern shore of the Gaspé
Peninsula, and were collected on June 21, 1924, in somewhat
dry coniferous woods. Now Irmisch, ‘ Beitrage Zur Biologie
und Morphologie der Orchideen,’’ Leipzig, 1853, as I have pre-
viously mentioned has described the tuber as consisting of two
internodes, or sometimes of only one, below the leaf, and this
I have always found to be the case, until I examined the two
plants in question, which clearly have three internodes de-

veloped. Moreover, in Fig. No. 3, which brings out this point
more forcibly than Fig. No. 4, it will also be seén, that the old
tuber (1923) is actually producing a bud similar to’ the tuber of
1924, such a thing I have never come across before, and I have
examined some hundreds of tubers, which can be done in most
cases—I am glad to say—without uprooting them. This bud
it will further be seen, is developed on the basal or third inter-
node, the tuber being of a round nature, whereas, the one for
1924, is somewhat slender and elongated. The mofe general
rule, I think, is for the succeeding tubers to be similar in shape
to the preceeding ones, which is well exemplified in figures Nos.
5 and 10, more especially No. 10 and Figs. 3, 4 and 5 of plate
No. 2, of my previous paper. In Fig. No. 6, we get another
instance of a bud appearing on the old tuber. The cause of this
phenomenon, I think, lies in the fact of the plant’s habitat,
somewhat dry coniferous woods, in place of the usually damp
situations that Calypso favours. This is conducive to the pres-
ervation of the old tubers, which in some cases apparently,
contain an amount of vitality in the second year sufficient to
produce a bud, even if this bud never comes to maturity, which
is questionable. In further reference to this matter of pres-
ervation, I might state, that I have photographs of two plants
of Liparis Loeselii, found growing on very dry ground—which
is unusual for this species—that show signs of four and five
generations of tubers, still remaining, a thing almost impossible
in the very wet situations I usually find the species, where
signs of three generations are uncommon. Figs. Nos. 7, 9, II
and 12, show the very early stages of the plant’s existence, Fig.
No. 9, having the coralloid palmate body or rhizome accom-
panying the tuber, as mentioned by Liboschitz and Trinius,
in their ‘Flore des Environs de St. Petersbourg et de Moscov,”’
1818, p. 214, finer examples of which will be seen in my previous
paper.

Fig. No. 12, is an interesting little plant, with its very small
leaf and no doubt first flower bud in evidence Aug. 2, on which
date the other three small plants were collected. Figure No. Io,
has already been alluded to in connection with the tubers re-
sembling one another so nearly, but it is a good example also,
of how one might have been deceived on finding the plant in
1925, into imagining that it represented five generations, where-

as it would really only represent three. This plant was col-
lected on ‘June 21, but was first found on May 18, with two
others closely appressed to it, thus forming a little bunch, which
eventually bore four blooms, the largest number I have ever
found close together at Hatley, the plants as a rule being dis-
tributed singly, over a somewhat wide area, in direct contrast
to the conditions existing near Metis, where Mr. Terrill tells
me he found as many as fifty blooms, in an area of about ten
square feet. Baldwin in his ‘‘Orchids of New England,’ 1884,
p. 50, speaks of Prof. Scribner, of Girard College, having once
found in Maine, as many as fifty plants in bloom, in a space not
a foot square.

We now come to the last figure of all, No. 13, depicting a
plant growing in, and surrounded by a mass of white web-like,
or lace-like fungus growth—mycelium—which threads through
the earth and decaying wood—as can be seen—forming an alli-
ance with the orchid, which has been termed luxury-symbiosis,
an association that has been regarded as harmful to the orchid,
but which in reality is exactly the opposite, so far as I have been
able to judge. In connection with this most interesting phase
of orchid life, I quote the following from a paper by Prof. Oakes
Ames in the ‘‘Orchid Review,’’ Aug. 1922, Entitled, ‘‘ Observa-
tions on the Capacity of Orchids to Survive in the Struggle for
Existence,’ viz., ‘‘Another peculiarity of the Orchids that
inclines us to believe that decadence is not a purely hypothetical
condition is their dependence on mycorrhiza. It has been
claimed that the orchid seed, under natural conditions, is in-
capable of passing beyond the embryonic stage unless invaded
by the hyphae of a mycorrhizal fungus. When the seeds are
disseminated they lie dormant until association with the neces-
sary fungus is established. Whether or not there are numerous
exceptions to this peculiarity has little to do with the case from
the point of view taken by those authors who would have us
believe that the Orchids are on the decline as a biological group.”
In several recent issues of the ‘Orchid Review,” there have been
papers on this subject of luxury-symbiosis, experiments having
been carried out by several growers—of hothouse plants—in
which they have demonstrated that it is possible to rear seeds
successfully without the aid of any fungus whatsoever, but in
nature unadulterated, I have always found that where there is

an abundance of mycorrhizal fungus, there surely, will one find,
not only a greater number, but larger, richer, and more hand-

some plants asarule. Even the one in question, i.e. Fig. No. 13,
bears out my contention in a minor way, for on the date it was
gathered, Aug. 21, it was well ahead of most others, as regards

the development of the leaf and flower buds, more especially
the latter. This experience seems to be in accord with that of
Prof. Oakes Ames, judging from his paper, ‘‘The Mycorrhiza of
Goodyera Pubescens,’’ Rhodora, Vol. 24, March 1922, pp. 37-46,
in which he refers to his studies of colonies of Goodyera (now
Epipactis) pubescens, which colonies he says are the result of
seeds falling near mature plants, where mycorrhizal fungi are
generally most in evidence, and where they germinate readily.
Seeds which drift away on air currents or are blown abroad by
the wind and fall where there is no nidus of the necessary fungus,
fail to germinate. Otherwise, how account for the colony form-
ing tendency of the species and the peculiarities of distribution.

Before closing, it may not perhaps be out of place to mention,
that in the latest book on Orchids, ‘‘ Enumeration of the Orchids
of United States and Canada,”’ by Prof. Oakes Ames, April 23,
1924, it will be noticed that in the Key to the genera, Calypso
is placed among the species that haveasimple rhizome. Writing
to me on the subject July 2, 1924, Prof. Oakes Ames says, “I
think this is right for the ordinary run of specimens one finds.
The coralloid character to which you have drawn attention
seems to be rare. Your notes had not come to my attention in
time to make a straddle.’’ Whilst agreeing to this in the main,
I might say, that my further studies of Calypso incline me to
the belief that this coralloid character is not so rare as at first
surmised, especially where the plants are found growing on
dead logs, stumps, or small branches of trees which are in a
state of decay, as I have previously pointed out in the ‘‘ Journal
of the New York Botanical Garden,” vol. 25, 1924, p. 28. The
photographs from which the plate has been made were taken by
the Geological Survey at Ottawa, and I am again indebted to
Dr. M. O. Malte for them.

HATLEY, QUEBEC.

AN ADDITIONAL ANYCHIA FROM PENNSYLVANIA.—In the early
part of the past century Rafinesque described a_ half-dozen
species of Anychia. Specimens of these species, distributed by
Rafinesque himself, and now extant, show that they represent
either Anychia canadensis or A. dichotoma. Recently specimens
of a plant novelty have come to hand. They represent a species

of Anychia—an extreme end of the genus, so to speak. This
new species may be named, for the discoverer, Lawrence William
Nuttall, and described, as follows:

Anychia Nuttalli Small, sp. nov. Annual, 7-23 cm. tall,
stem erect, usually simple below, dichotomously corymbose
above and often with some short lateral branches, closely pu-
bescent with short recurved hairs, brown, nodés swollen: stipules
scarious, lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, acuminate: leaves opposite,
early turning brown; blades linear-elliptic to linear and often
slightly-broadened upward, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, mostly acute,
ciliate, otherwise glabrous, at least on their upper side, nearly
sessile: hypanthium very short: calyx short-petioled, yellowish-
green I.5-2 mm. long; sepals narrowly elliptic, 3-veined, narrowly
scarious-margined, hooded at the apex, but terminating in a short
spine-like cusp, which extends*beyond the hood: stamens about
half as long as the sepal-bodies; filaments subulate; anthers
didymous, much shorter than the filaments: style very short;
stigmas about as long as the style: utricle lenticular, suborbicular,
about I mm. in diameter, somewhat flattened at the top: seed
yellow lenticular, less than I mm. in diameter.—Blue Ridge
Summit, Adams County, Pennsylvania.

About the middle of August the writer received specimens of,
an odd-looking forked-chickenweed from Mr. Lawrence W.
Nuttall, which he had just collected in the mountains of southern
Pennsylvania. In answer to a request for more specimens
Mr. Nuttall wrote:

‘“‘T am sending you more specimens of the plant as requested
in your letter of the 25th. The plant grows in an old field,
stony and weed grown, but apparently cultivated within the
last few years.

‘The plant grows in association with orange-grass, clammy-
cuphea, pennyroyal,etc. The field slopes toward the south, and
I could not find it in a similar field next to it but facing the
north.

“‘It is scattered about all over the field, though the largest
specimens were found this morning [August 26th] at the east end
of the field where they are protected from the early morning
sun. These I sent.”’

The species just described differs from Anychia dichotomia in

the larger yellow-tinged calyx, and the sepals which are more
strongly hooded and terminate at the back of the hood in a
spinelike cusp. The latter structure is a characteristic not
before known in the genus.
Joun K. SMALL.
THE NEw York: BOTANICAL GARDEN.

BOOK REVIEW

CurtTis’s ‘‘A GUIDE TO THE TREES.”’ *

There is no dearth of tree books, but Professor Curtis’s ‘“‘A
Guide to.the Trees’’ is aimed particularly at young folks in
their teens and, so far as known to the present reviewer, no other
work brings out the distinctive characters of the trees of our
northeastern states in such simple and non-technical language.
Keys to the genera are supplemented by keys to the species in
the larger genera. Each of the species is illustrated by a good
text-figure and other figures are found in the keys and in the
brief glossary. The Latin names, which are made subsidiary
to the ‘‘common”’ English names, appear to be in harmony with
the recently published Standardized Plant Names prepared by
the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature.
The importance of the trees to the life of our nation and the
_need for treating them with intelligence and respect are properly
emphasized by the author. It is a book that will prove most
useful to Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts in their nature-study work
and it breathes a spirit that the Scout movement is doing much
to foster.

If one were to mention flaws in Professor Curtis’s book, the
most conspicuous may be the existence of unorthodox spellings
of certain generic and specific names—spellings which do not
appear to be altogether the result of hasty proof-reading, as
they appear in the index as well as in the main text. Such are
the unconventional but easily recognizable variants of Asimina,
Castanea, Cerasus, Halesia, and Ptelea. But these will doubtless
be set right in the second edition which a lively demand may
soon make necessary.

MARSHALL A. Howe.

* Curtis, CARLTON C. A Guide to the Trees. Small 8vo. Pp. 1-208.
1925. Greenberg, Publisher, Inc., New York.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB
MEETING OF JANUARY I3, 1925.

The meeting of this date was held at the American Museum
of Natural History.

The following were elected to membership: Mr. L. W. Nuttall,
Brickell Apts., Miami, Florida; Dr. Valdimir A. Shternov,
350 West 154 Street, New York, N..Y.; Miss Martha Gertrude
Buhofer, 523 West 121 Street, New York, N. Y.

Three resignations were accepted: Miss L. M. F. Allabach,
Dr. B. O. Dodge, Dr. Francis W. Pennell.

According to the usual program of the annual business meet-
ing, the reports of the various officers for the year were next
received.

The Secretary reported that 15 regular meetings of the Club
had been held during the year, with a total attendance of 393,
an average of over 26 per meeting. Thirty-six new members
were elected in 1923; 17 were lost through resignation. The
present membership is 302.

In the report of the Editors of the Bulletin, presented by Dr.
T. E. Hazen, it was stated that Volume 51 contained 502 pages
exclusive of volume index and 13 plates. It was recommended
that in the future only 9 numbers a year be published, omitting
the months of July, August and September.

The Editor of Torreya, Mr. George T. Hastings, reported the
publication of six bi-monthly numbers, aggregating 114 pages.

Dr. Michael Levine, the Business Manager, reported that
from 8 regular advertisers there was an income of approximately
$130.

Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Honorary Custodian of the local
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, stated that
during the last three years the additions amount to 3200 sheets.

Dr. M. A. Howe, Delegate to the Council of the New York
Academy of Sciences, reported upon attendance at meetings of
the Council.

The Chairman of the Field Committee, Mr. A. T. Beals,
reported that 37 meetings were held during the year with an
average attendance of 12 persons. One of the most interesting
trips was a visit to the Ice Gulch and Sunken Garden on Sha-
wangunk Mountain east of Ellenville, N. Y., on Saturday and.

a
ae

Sunday, July 26 and 27. Here, with the temperature in the
exposed parts of the mountain in the neighborhood of 85°, the
shady parts of the ravine showed patches of snow and ice.

Dr. N. L. Britton, Chairman of the Local Flora Committee,
was unable to be present, but sent a check of $100, to be used
by the Club for any purpose which the Club deemed advisable.
Dr. Britton was given a vote of thanks by the Club and it was
moved that the money be added to the permanent funds of the
Club.

Apropos of the election of new members, the president in-
formed the Club that Miss Mann had found it necessary to hand
in her resignation thus terminating her remarkably efficient
record as treasurer. The following officers for the ensuing year
were then elected: President, Dr. H. M. Richards; Vice-Presi-
dents, Dr. John Hendley Barnhart, and Dr. C. Stuart Gager;
Secretary, Dr. Arthur H. Graves; Treasurer, Dr. R. C. Benedict;
Editor, Dr. Tracy E. Hazen; Associate Editors, Dr. Alexander
W. Evans, Dr. H. A. Gleason, Dr. Alfred Gundersen, Mr. G. T.
Hastings, Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Dr. M. Levine, Dr. A. B. Stout
and Dr. C. L. Carey.

The secretary was authorized by the Club to write a con-
gratulatory letter to Gen. T. E. Wilcox, who has been connected
with the Club since 1879.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF JANUARY 28, 1925

The meeting of this date was held at the Museum Building of
the New York Botanical Garden.

The Secretary read a communication from the Institute
Jaczewski at Leningrad announcing the celebration on February
8 of the completion of thirty-five years of scientific work by
Dr. W. Tranzchel as well as twenty-five years of his service as
Conservator of the Botanical Museum at the Russian Academy
of Sciences. -

The Budget Committee, Dr. Barnhart, Chairman, offered the
following estimates for 1925: |

Ro:

“ye 7
_~_-*

Estimated Income Estimated Outgo
Members’ Dues . . . .$1500.00 Bulletin :? ee $2000.00
Bulletin. 2.2 2-2 22 ¥000200 Editor (Bulletin) ... 100.00
(POrreyay 2 Soe eS SOLO Torreyave eee 2: 500.00
NMemoinse= {fons 100.00 Index Cards....... 400.00
Index Gards’ 2s 4 = 600.00 ‘Treasurer... 150.00
Interest (1S). fee SOOO Bibliographer...... 150.00
Advertising........ 100.00 Sundries. |) ae 150.00
Sales rs se ee 100.00
Potala 5 wees eee $3700.00 $3450.00
Bulletin (from
surplus)... .... 2 eeor@o
Total... . 2. Dos O5er00

The report of the Budget Committee was adopted by vote of
the Club.

Dr. Small then described some of his work on Irises. The
original home of the Irises in the southeastern part of the
United States was in the land now represented by the southern
part of the Southern Appalachians. The land between this
region and the Atlantic was submerged in the pleistocene.
Since the subsequent emergence of the land the species have
migrated in all directions. Florida is a very favorable field for
Iris exploration. 12 or 14 species occur in the eastern United
States. Water colors of the various species were shown.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF FEBRUARY 10, 1925

This meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History.

The following were elected to membership in the Club: Mrs.
Ernest H. Wilson, 37 Forest Ave., Caldwell, N. J.; Mrs. Spencer
’ S. Marsh, Kalmia Lodge, Madison, N. J.

It was announced that two members had been lost by death.
Mr. E. B. Chamberlain, a member since 1907, died on February 2.
He was for twenty years a teacher at the Franklin School for

Boys, New York City, and greatly beloved both by pupils and
faculty. He was also a well-known bryologist, having been
Secretary-Treasurer of the Sullivant Moss Society for many
years.

Mr. E. P. Bicknell died on February 9. His membership in
the Club dated from January 30, 1880, a period of 45 years.
During this time he contributed 56 papers to the Bulletin of the
Torrey Club and about a half-dozen to Torreya. He took an
active interest in the affairs of the New York Botanical Garden,
and was for many years connected with its management. Mr.
Bicknell was for many years one of the most active members of
the Club and his death is recorded with great regret.

The scientific program of the evening consisted of an illus-
trated lecture entitled ‘‘Some Points of Interest Concerning
Hemlock,’’ by Major Barrington Moore. The importance of
the Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) for the tanning industry, for
paper pulp, and also for lumber, as well as its aesthetic value
were mentioned.. The method of seed distribution is interesting,
the cones closing in wet weather, and opening in dry. At each
dry period a few more seeds drop out, thus spreading the dis-
tribution period over the entire winter. Mossy logs and stumps
seem favorable seed beds: the ground cover of decaying needles
seems unfavorable... Hemlock is very tolerant of shade. It
likes moist sites, but grows on rocky ridges which seem dry.
Probably they have moisture near the surface. It is rather
shallow-rooted. The rate of growth is more rapid than formerly
supposed, and compares favorably with oak, but is not nearly
so rapid as white pine. As to temperature, its preference is
for a comparatively cool average.

As regards the hemlock grove in the New York Botanical
Garden, Major Moore stated that it was of scientific interest
because it was the southernmost grove of extensive size near the
coast; although, as noted by Dr. Kelly, of Rutgers University,
there are trees along the Raritan near the coast. The present
lack of reproduction in the New York Botanical Garden grove
was discussed. The cause is not known for certain, but may
be due to trampling by increasing numbers of visitors or to the
absence of mossy logs and stumps. In summarizing the field
studies of the Botanical Garden Committee, Major Moore
noted the narrow ranges of evaporation and temperature of

hemlock sites which are in general drier than those of hardwoods,
with the soil temperature a little cooler.

In the discussion which followed, Major Moore stated that
3,600 trees were counted in the New York Botanical Garden
grove in the spring of 1923. He knew of no other previous
census. Mr. Taylor mentioned the occurrence of Tsuga cana-
densis at the head of Little Neck Bay, L. I., and also at Wading
River—in the former place in a fairly large quantity.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF FEBRUARY 25, 1925

The meeting of this date was held at the Museum Building
of the New York Botanical Garden.

The following persons were elected to niginbersii an in the Club:
Dr. Sam F. Trelease, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.;
Mrs. R.S. P. Trowbridge, 540 West 123rd St., New York, N. Y.;
Mrs. Helen S. Hill, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn.

The resignation of Miss Helen M. Carr, of Bradford, Vt.,
formerly of Mount Vernon, N. Y., was accepted with regret.

In regard to the amendment to Section II of the Constitution
proposed at the meeting of February 10, whereby the phrase
“not to exceed eight in number’’ which follows ‘‘associate
editors’? be removed. Dr. Howe moved its adoption. As ex-
plained by Dr. Hazen, this amendment would remove the limi-
tation in the number of the associate editors which for various
reasons is not now advisable. The amendment was adopted by
unanimous vote of the Club. Dr. A. F. Blakeslee was reelected
to the Board of Editors by vote of the Club.

The Secretary was instructed to cast a ballot for the election
of Mrs. Helen S. Hill as bibliographer for the year 1925.

The scientific part of the program consisted of a talk by Dr.
Hazen on Plants of the Red Snow.

Formerly there was supposed to be only one “red snow”
plant; namely, Sphaerella nivalis, so named by the Swedish
botanist, Sommerfelt, in 1824. The type material came from
Greenland and was reported by Capt. John Ross in 1819 in his
“Voyage of the Discovery . . . for Exploring Baffin’s Bay and
Inquiring into the Probability of a North-west Passage.’’ Ross

figures and describes many crimson-splashed vertical cliffs on
the west coast of Greenland and says the snow was red to a depth
of 10 to 12 feet, which statement, however, may be taken with a
grain of salt. In the same year of the publication of Ross’
account, the plant was named Uredo nivalis by Bauer of Kew.
Then Sommerfelt, in 1824, recognized it as an alga and called it
Sphaerella nivalis. In 1896, Chodat, in studying the red snow
of the Alps, indicated that this was not congeneric with the red
rainwater species, Sphaerella lacustris, but that it was more like
Chlamydomonas, and Wille actually made the transfer to
Chlamydomonas, in 1903, assuming that it was identical with
the Sphaerella of Greenland. The genus Sphaerella has the
central mass of protoplasm united to the outer wall by threads
of protoplasm. We do not know whether the Greenland species
has these threads, because it has always been studied in its
quiescent stage. There is, then, at present no sufficient evidence
for the assumption of the identity of Sphaerella nivalis of Green-
land with Chlamydomonas nivalis of the Alps and the Scandi-
navian mountains.

Red Snow in North America has been reported in the Rockies,
the Selkirks and the Sierra Nevada, and has also been assumed
without evidence to be the same species as that found in Green-
land.

In Norway in 1920 Dr. Hazen found three species causing this
phenomenon or red snow: (1) Chlamydomonas nivalis Wille,
(2) The little known C. lateritia (Wittr.) Lagerheim, and (3) an
entirely undescribed species, which is the chief occasion for this
paper. Fortunately he found this new species in the motile
stage and determined the presence of 4 flagella instead of 2 as
in Chlamydomonas. It is somewhat similar to the genus Car-
teria, which, however, has its 4 cilia coming from only one
point, while in the new form the cilia are inserted separately,
somewhat distant from each other. A similar plant, green in
color, had been described in 1876 by Archer as a form of Chlamy-
domonas and in 1883 it was named Tetratoma by Biitschli.
The red species discovered by Dr. Hazen at Haugastdl, Norway,
is therefore apparently new and served to confirm Biitschli’s
hitherto rather doubtful genus.

In the discussion which followed Dr. Seaver remarked that
mycologists had experienced some difficulty with Sphaerella

because this was also the name of a fungus. The latter is now
changed to Mycosphaerella.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

Dr. Roland M. Harper, whose article on Tallahassee, appears
in this issue, is at present in Florida in charge of tabulating the
state census. He, of course, manages to do a little botanizing
during his spare time. Early in April Dr. Small and Dr.
Wherry on their auto trip from Miami to El Paso stopped for a
day’s visit with Dr. Harper. Later Prof. L. H. Bailey stopped
at Tallahassee and did some collecting of species of Rubus in
the neighborhood. Prof. P. H. Rolfs, home for a visit between
engagements in Brazil, was also a visitor.

On the 21st of May five busts were unveiled at the Hall of
Fame, New York University. Among these was one of Dr.
Asa Gray, the gift of The Gray Herbarium, Harvard and friends
and relatives of Dr. Gray. Professor Benjamin L. Robinson,
curator of the herbarium made an address and a tribute by
President Eliot was given by phonofilm. In the tribute Dr. Eliot
said ‘‘His reputation at home and abroad was much larger than
that of a botanical specialist. He was recognized as a clear
thinker and strong writer on philosophical and religious themes.
Asa Gray enjoyed the satisfaction of having rendered a great and
lasting service to his countrymen and to mankind. He knew
that he had done much to diffuse among his countrymen a
knowledge of botany and a love for it.”

During the last of June a two-weeks school of Nursery Fruit
Tree Identification was held at Geneva. The course was de-
signed to enable horticulturists to recognize the varieties of cul-
tivated fruit trees at any time of year.

Dr. Susan P. Nichols, Associate Professor of Botany at Oberlin
College, has been spending part of a sabbatical year in research
at the botanical laboratory of Columbia University, continuing
her investigation on the reactions of plant cells to wounds.

the Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of Torreya in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof.

ad Pa should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following
rates:

4pp.| 8pp.|t2pp.| 16pp-| 20pp.| 24pp.| 28pp.| 32pp.| 48pp.| 64PP

25 copies $1.40 $2.45|$3.6516 4.40/16 5:65 $6.50|\$ 8.00/$ 8.45|$12.55|$15-.90

Ny 1.65] 2.90] 4.25] 5.10 5) 7-75) 9.40] 9.85) 14.15] 17-35
Ain) 1.95] 3-35| 4-85]. 5-65] 7-60] 8.75] 10.45] 11.25] 15.65] 19.95
100 | 2.25) 3.80| 5.35] 6.35] 8.25] 9.80) 11.55] 12.45] 17-55] 22.05
150.“ 2.70| 4.60| 6.50] 7.60] 10.20] 12.10] 14.20] 15.20] 21.35} 26.80
200 ‘ 3.00] 5.05] 7.15| 8.35| 11.40] 13.50] 15.80] 16.85] 23.55] 29.60
300 3.85] 6.20] 9.20] 10.70] 14.85] 17.55] 20.50) 21.05) 30.20) 37.40

POS RAR LA SSP NS en Sn En NIN Sonn OTOL
Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 1}4c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00

Committees for 1925.

Finance Committee Field Committee
R. A. HARPER, Chairman. A. L. GUNDERSEN, Chairman.
J. H. BARNHART Miss JEAN BROADHURST
Miss C. C. HAYNES H. M. DENsLow

SERENO STETSON G. C. FIsHER
Miss E. M, Kuprer
MICHAEL LEVINE
Miss Datsy LEvy
RaymonpD H, Torrey
Percy WILSON

Budget Committee Membership Committee

J. H. Barnuart, Chairman. J. K. SMALL, Chairman.
R. A. HARPER T. E. HAZEN
N. L: Britton NORMAN TAYLOR
H. M. DENsSLOW
a pee Local Flora Committee
. A. HOWE -
H.H. Ruspy N. L. Britton, Chairman.
Phanerogams: Cryptogams:
H E. P, BICKNELL Mrs. E. G, BRITTON
; N. L. Britton A. W. Evans
Program Committee H.M.Denstow _ T. E. Hazen
A. H. GRAVES, Chairman. W. C. Fercuson’ M.A. Howe
Mrs. B. G. Britton LupLow Griscom MIcHAEL LEVINE
» TOE. Hazen | BAYARD LONG W. A. MurRILL
.M. A. Howe K. K. MacKenziE_ F. J. SEAVER
G. E. NICHOLS

NORMAN TAYLOR

Chairmen of Special Committees on Local Flora
Ferns and Fern Allies: R.C, Benedict Lichens:

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M.
Liverworts: A. W. Evans Richards
Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
Marine Algae: M.A. Howe berineae: F. J. Seaver
Gasteromycetes: G..C. Fisher Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed
. Hymenomycetes: W. A. Murrill Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout
Except Russula and Lactarius: Miss G. Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
S. Burlingham Cook
Cortinarius: R. A. Harper Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee
Polyporeae: M. Levine Myxomycetes:
' Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver hurst
Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

Of former volumes, 24—47 can be supplied separately
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers has been
reserved for the completion of sets. , Single copies (40
cents) will be furnished only when not breaking complete
volumes.

(2) MEMOIRS

_ The Memorrs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes I-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application.

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00.

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to

RALPH C. BENEDICT | ‘
Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vol. 25 July-August, 1925 No. 4

TORREYA

A Bi-MoNTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL NOTES AND NEws
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS
Sketches of Travel in South America, WitL1AM A. MuRRILL.............. 69
The Flora of the Town of Southold, Fifth Supplementary List, Stewart H.
DURNGAM: AND) ROV. AZSEATHANE. Git tes 0G ie cide 2s cee 6 025 wy ole wwe clare whe 71

Book Review:
Meisel’s Bibliography of American Natural History, JoHN HENDLEY

EARN FLARE Ce ete ON ce CARN, he ke ae, SM Gee NE @ Aid oe GE yo 83
Trelease’s Winter Botany, GEORGE T. HASTINGS. ........0.-. 002-0005 85
Proceedings of the Chiib 26 eke Eee Pia sR aR Ged Rea eee oe 86
PRES IN GEES Wore ORS eS AE RE gh glee ec ba Sek caus eee Shah o> See
PERE MEN REC iy AN Aas MUM Me realc Ai EST OSES wade N/a SS SMM whe eee 88

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1925

4 President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, Pu.D., Sc.D:
Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pa.D.
BROOKLYN BoTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
RALPH C. BENEDICT, Pa.D.
BrRooKLYN BoTAnic GARDEN
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN, Px.D.

Associate Editors
A. F. BLAKESLEE, Px.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M.
CORNELIA L. CAREY, Px.D. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu.D., Sc.D
ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D., Po#.D. M. LEVINE, Pu.D.

H. A. GLEASON, Pu.D. ARLOW B. STOUT, Pu D.
ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Pu.D.
Bibliographer

MRS. HELEN S. HILL

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two'classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00.a year, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE
WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorrEYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postal or express money |
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received only for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be'sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, Brooklyn, N. Y

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS
2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

KRUG EZ ded

Lise AK Y
NEi-VW VOPR
BOT AMNICAIL

TORREYA ‘#2

Vol. 25 No. 4
July-August, 1925

SKETCHES OF TRAVEL IN SOUTH AMERICA
THE ASCENT OF CORCOVADO
WitiiaAmM A. Murritu

The weather being perfect on Monday, January 28, I decided
to devote the afternoon to Corcovado, which is 2,300 feet high
and gives a superb view of Rio and the surrounding country.
Leaving the ‘Van Dyck” as soon as lunch was over, I took a
trolley car at the Hotel Avenida marked ‘Aguas Ferreas,”’
which landed me in thirty minutes at the Cosme Velho station
at the base of the mountain. Here I found an electric cogwheel
train waiting and we were soon on our way up the steep incline,
winding in and out among lofty cliffs covered with ferns and
catching beautiful glimpses of the forested slopes and the city
below. The railway is two miles long, with a maximum grade
of 30 degrees. A return ticket costs 3 mil reis,—a little over
30 cents,—and allows stop-overs at Sylvestre and Paineiras,
where there are refreshments and hotel accommodations. At
the latter station, I took an interesting walk through the woods,
examining the plants at close range and making some collections.
The ferns claimed my chief attention, because of their abundance,
variety, and beauty. The only species seen that occur as far
north as the Carolinas were the bracken (Pteris) and the resur-
rection fern (Polypodium incanum). I saw also one species of
sphagnum moss and several beds of the hair-cap moss (Poly-
trichum) which resembled our own. On a dead stump were
large masses of the tropical tree-destroying punk-fungus, Fomes
Auberianus, first known from Cuba, where I myself have fre-
quently collected it; while nearby on a pile of decaying trash
was one of the prettiest little species of Lepiota I ever saw, the
shapely, purplish caps growing in clusters of three or four, united
by purplish cords. Needless to say, I made a good collection of
these for the Garden herbarium.

The summit of the mountain is reached after a short railway
journey from Paineiras and a climb of 115 feet to the observation
pavilion. As I went up the steps, with one of the finest views
in the whole world just ahead of me, I could not help noticing a

group of century plants that had been set out about the pavilion
and were thriving remarkably well on the good soil and moun-
tain air. I think I never saw healthier specimens, even in
Mexico, their native home, and every one of the twenty or more
bore a huge flower-stalk fifteen or twenty feet in height with
numerous side branches. In Mexico, these stalks would have
been nipped off in their early infancy and the juices so generously
provided by nature for their development would have been col-
lected and manufactured into pulque, a mildly intoxicating
drink.

The Corcovado, or Hunchback, is a very peculiar mountain,
being unusually thin, exceedingly precipitous, and so grotesque
in shape that I singled it out long before we reached the harbor
of Rio, thinking at first it must be a dark mass of clouds. The
rock is solid granite, which weathers into a sticky mass of red
clay held in place by the abundant vegetation and the constant
supply of water that trickles over its surface. There is no frost
or ice to disrupt the rock-masses—only the steady wearing away
by water and the chemical alteration of the feldspar into clay,
releasing the quartz and mica. The rocks which form the
foundation of New York City are not granite but mostly gneisses
and schists having practically the same chemical composition
but of different physical structure, the mica being disposed in
layers giving a banded appearance and often causing the masses
to split into slabs. With the melting of our snows in the spring,
a great deal of potash and other valuable mineral constituents
formed during the process of weathering is washed away and
becomes lost to the farmer.

As I gazed on the great and beautiful city of Rio from the
summit of Corcovado, four times as high as the Woolworth
Building, and looked over its wonderful harbor, encircled by
mountains and guarded by rugged islands—all of the hardest
granite—I thought how easy it must be to fortify it against all
possible attack except from the air; for land and sea have com-
bined to render it impregnable from any other direction.

And now farwell to Corcovado and to Rio for the present.
The good ship “Van Dyck”’ sails for the Argentine in a few
minutes.

THE FLORA OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD, LONG
ISLAND AND GARDINER’S ISLAND, NEW YORK

STEWART H. BuURNHAM AND Roy A, LATHAM

Fifth Supplementary List*

INSECT GALLS

Cecidomyia majalis O.S.—On leaves of Quercus velutina at Cutchogue; deter-
mined by Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey.

C. pinirigidae Pack—On needles of Pinus rigida at Peconic; determined by
Mr. Charles T. Greene.

Cincticornia serrata Felt—On leaves of Quercus velutina at Cutchogue; deter-
mined by Dr. Kinsey.

Neolasioptera perfoliata Felt—On Eupatorium perfoliatum; determined at the
Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.

Oedaspis atra Loew.—On Solidago at Orient; determined at the Bureau of
Entomology.

Parallelodiplosis Spirae Felt—On Spirea tomentosa at Orient and Mattituck;
determined at the Bureau of Entomology.

Phyllocoptes toxicophagus Ewing—On Rhus Toxicodendron, var. radicans; de-
termined at the Bureau of Entomology.

Rhodites globuloides Beutm.—On Rosa carolina at Mattituck; determined by
Dr. Kinsey.

R. nebulosus Bass.—On Rosa blanda; determined by Dr. Kinsey.

R. radicum O. S.—On Rosa carolina; determined by Dr. Kinsey.

R. rosaefolit Ckll.—On Rosa blanda; determined by Dr. Kinsey.

EUPHYCEAE

Calothrix scopulorum (Web. & Mohr) Ag.—Banks of a salt creek at Southold ;
determined by Dr. M. A. Howe.

Cladophora Magdalenae Harv.—Banks of a salt creek at Southold; determined
by Dr. Howe.

Draparnaldia acuta (Ag.) Kiitz.—In a pool at margin of woods at Mattituck
in March; determined by Dr. T. E. Hazen.

_ Microspora floccosa (Vauch.) Thuret—In pools in woods at Southold; deter-
mined by Dr. Hazen.

Phormidium fragile (Menegh.) Gomont—Banks of a salt creek at Southold;
determined by Dr. Howe.

Rhizocloniuim tortuosum Kiitz.—Salt meadows at Southold; determined by
Dr. Howe.

Vaucheria geminata (Vauch.) DC., var. racemosa (Vauch.) Walz—Swamps at
Greenport; determined by Dr. Hazen.

SCHIZOMYCETES

Bacillus carotovorus Jones,

Bacterium maculicolum McCulloch and

Pseudomonas campestris (Pammel). E. F. Smith are common on cabbage,
Brassica oleracea, var. capitata; brussels sprouts, B. oleracea,
var. gemmifera; and cauliflower, B. oleracea, var. botrytis.

PHY COMYCE TES

M etarrhizium Anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin—Orient on potato beetles; deter-
mined by Dr. Roland Thaxter. This is Jsaria Anisophilae
(Metsch.) Pettit.

Peronospora parasitica (Pers.) DeBary—On cabbage, Brassica oleracea, vax.
capitata; brussels sprouts, B. oleracea, var. gemmifera; and
cauliflower, B. oleracea, var. botrytis.

ASCOMYCETES (EXCLUDING PYRENOMYCETES)

Ascobolus Crouant Boud.: (not Cooke)—Prof. John Dearness in Mycol. 16:
146. July 1924 says, ‘‘An Ascobolus was collected on stems
of Brassica oleracea gemmifera by Roy Latham: 577, at Orient,
N. Y., which is hardly separable from Boudier’s A. Crouant.
The sporidia, I5-I9 X 10-11, hyaline at first: become so dark-
brown as to obscure the reticulations which are longitudinal and
anastomosing, about 6 visible on each side. ‘These Brussels
sprouts stems were plowed under in November and turned up
the following spring; the collections were made about the end of
June, 1922.’—R.L.”

Phacidium Teucrit Crouan—On Teucrium canadense, var. littorale at Cut-
chogue; determined by Dr. Charles E. Fairman.

Rhytisma monogramma B. & C.—Mattituck on Vitis; determined by Prof.
Dearness. -

Schizoxylon Berkeleyanum (Dut. & Mont.) Fckl.—On dead stems of Akebia
quinata at Orient, a form of this species associated with Phoma
Akebiae Dearn.

PYRENOMYCETES

va eiie einer pupal (Schw.) Ell.—On bark Nyssa eoatiea at Greenport;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Anthostomella ostiolata Ell.—On Benzoin aestivale at Greenport; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Buyer graphidea (B. & Rav.) Sacc.—On M yrica carolinensis. at
Southold; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Caryospora callicarpa (Curr.) Fckl.—Orient on rose galls; determined by Dr.
Fairman.,
Diatrype minima E. & E.—On Clethra alnifolia at Greenport; determined by
Prof. Dearness.
D. subferruginea B. & Rav.—Cutchogue on Quercus Prinus; determined by
Prof. Dearness.
Diatrypella decorata Nitsch.—On Betula populifolia at Greenport; determined
by Prof. Dearness.
D. nigro-annulata (Grev.) Nitsch.—On Alnus incana at Southold; determined
. by Prof. Dearness,
Diaporthe binoculata (Ell.) Sace., var. Clethrae var. nov.—Described by Prof.
Dearness in Mycol. 16: 158. July 1924. “On dead stems
of Clethra alnifolia L., Greenport, N. Y.; April 1923. Roy
Latham: 1055.”
D. gallophila El\l.—Orient on rose galls; determined by Dr. Fairman.
D. phomaspora (C. & E.) E. & E.—On Myrica carolinensis at Orient; deter-
mined by Dr. Fairman.
Dichaena strumosa Fr.—Laurel on Quercus velutina; determined by Prof.
Dearness.
Dothidea Baccharidis Cke.—Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 154-155. July 1924
says, ‘‘Examination of a collection of branches of Baccharis
halimifolia L. made by Roy Latham, Orient, N. Y., May 1923,
enables me to enlarge the description of Dothidea Baccharidis
Cke. in Grev. XI: 108 and the addendum in Ell. & Evht.,
N. Am. Pyr., p. 612.
The asci; p.sp., are 120. X 10-I1 uw surrounded by long linear
paraphyses some of them twice the length of the asci. Most
but not all the sporidia are distinctly larger in the upper cell.’
Eriosphaeria alligata (Fr.) Sacc.—Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 156. July
yu tts 1924 says, ‘‘An Eriosphaeria on decaying Sassafras: trunk;
Orient, N.Y., Jan. 1923. Roy Latham: 415. This fungus
grew on the rotten wood under the loosened bark. It meets in
large part the requirements of the description of Eriosphaeria
alligata in Syst. Myc. 2: 445 and Syll. 1: 597. It has the yel-
lowish, bi-nucleate, constricted sporidia and the deciduous
~ ostiolum of the flat or umbilicate perithecium. It differs in the
perithecia not being distinctly collabescent and possibly in some-
times having a dense subiculum. The most conspicuous feature
in this collection is the red, rough, flat surface of the perithecia
with the brown hyphal appendages, 200 X 4-5u. Asci 75-
90u; paraphyses numerous, branching, longer than the asci.
Sporidia 1-septate; monostichous or in some of the asci sub-
biseriate, 15-21 X 4.5-6un.
Another collection, at Orient, Feb., 1924, was under the
loosened bark of Sambucus sp.”’ .
Erysiphe Galeopsidis DC.—Mattituck.on Scutellaria galericulata; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

E. Polygoni DC.—On cabbage, Brassica oleracea, var. capitata at Orient; de-
. termined by Prof. Dearness.

Eutypella capillata E. & E.—Greenport on Vitis; determined by Prof. Dear-
ness.

E. glandulosa (Cke.) E. & E.—Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 158. July
1924 says, “Near Orient, N. Y., Roy Latham has collected
Eutypellae on Ailanthus, Akebia, Amelanchier, Robinia, Sas-
safras, Quercus, and Vitis which can hardly be separated except
by their hosts. And while they are referred to Eutypella glan-
dulosa Cke., this species is separated by rather obscure differ-
ences of essential characters from Eu. deusta E. & E., Eu.
capillata E. & E., and Eu. microcarpa E. & E. Their sporidia
range somewhat under 4 X Ip; their asci, perithecia and
stromata are similar; and their perithecia impress the wood.”

E. Platani (Schw.) Sacc.—On Platanus occidentalis at Mattituck; deter-
mined by Mr. W. W. Diehl.

E. stellulata (Fr.) Sacc.—The form described under Eutypella tetraploa (B. & C.)
Sacc., on Maclura pomifera at Orient; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Herpotrichia Rhenana Fckl.—Greenport on Sambucus canadensis; determined
by Dr. Fairman. ;

Hypoderma commune (Fr.) Duby—Orient on Paeonia; determined by Dr.
Fairman.

Hypoxylon Ravenelii Reham—On Robinia Pseudo-Acacia at Orient; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Leptosphaeria dumetorum Niessl.—Orient on Baccharis halimifolia; determined
by Prof. Dearness.
Lophiostoma pulveraceum Sacc.—Involucral bracts of beechnuts, Fagus gran-
difolia at Cutchogue; determined by Dr. Fairman.
Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev.—Peconic on Pinus rigida; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

Melanconis stilbostoma (Fr.) Tul.—Orient on Betula populifolia; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Pers.) Fckl.—On Clethra alnifolia at Greenport;
determined by Dr. Fairman.

Mycosphaerella indistincta (Pk.) Lindau—Mattituck on Thelypteris palustris;
determined by Prof. Dearness. (Sphaerella indistincta Pk.).

M. spleniata (Cke. & Pk.) House—Peconic on Quercus alba; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Phyllachora vulgata Theiss. & Syd.—Mattituck on Muhlenbergia sylvatica; de-
termined by Prof. Dearness, who says, ‘‘a fine thing.”

Physalospora erratica (C. & E.) Sacc.—Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 157.
July 1924 says, ‘‘On dead apple branches, Orient, N. Y., Roy
Latham: 969. If the identification of this collection is right the
description in E. & E. N. Am. Pyr., p. 306, may be completed
as follows: Perithecia 340u, depressed-globose, merely perfo-
rating the epidermis and coming off with it. Asci clavate,
150-200 X 15-20n.”

P. rhodina B. & C.—Greenport on Crataegus; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Pyrenophora calvescens (Fr.) Sace.—Orient on Chenopodium album; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

Rhopographus clavisporus (C. & P.) E. & E.—On stalks of Zea Mays at
Mattituck; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Rosellinia ligniaria (Grev.) Sacc.—Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 156. July
1924 says, “‘On bare blackened wood, a Rosellinia agreeing well
with ligniaria except that the asci are only 45-60 u instead of the
usual 75-804 of the type. Sporidia 10 & 7y. Perithecial
bristles 15 to 40 mostly 20 X 4y. Collected at Greenport,
N. Y. Roy Latham: 551.”

Sphaerotheca Humuli (DC.) Burr., var. fuliginea (Schlect) Salmon—Mattituck
on Bidens; determined by Prof. Dearness, who says, “usually
listed as Sphaerotheca Castagnei Lev.”’

Valsa cenisia DeNot.—Orient on Juniperus virginiana; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

V. clausa C. & E.—Greenport on Crataegus; determined by Prof. Dearness.

V. querna Curr.—Orient on Myrica carolinensis; determined by Prof. Dear-
ness.

V. Toxict (Schw.) E. & E.—On Rhus Toxicodendron, var. radicans at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

HYPOMYCETES

Botrytis Rileyi Farl.—Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 173. July 1924 says,
“Rept. U. S. Commissioner of Agriculture, 1883, p. 121. On
the clover looper—Plathypena scabra—Orient, N. Y., Sept.,
1922. Roy Latham: 572. Determination confirmed by Dr.
Roland Thaxter. ‘This fungus killed thousands of larvae on
beans this season (1922).’—R. L.”’

Cercospora Boehmeriae Pk.—On Boehmeria cylindrica at Mattituck; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

C. depazeoides (Desm.) Sacc.—Mattituck on Sambucus canadensis; determined
by Prof. Dearness.

C. Nesaeae E. & E.—Mattituck on Decodon verticillatus; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

C. tuberosa Ell. & Kell.—On A pios tuberosa at Mattituck; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Cladosporium graminum Cda.—On grasses at Southold; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Macrosporium asclepiadeum Cke.—On Asclepias at Mattituck; determined by
Dr. Fairman.

Ramularia Brunellae E. & E.—On Prunella vulgaris at Orient; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

R. Epilobii Alesch.—On Epilobium at Mattituck; determined by Prof. Dear-
ness.

Sporotrichum agaricinum Link—On Lactarius at Greenport; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

Trichosporium olivatrum Sacc.—Orient on Juniperus virginiana; determined
by Prof. Dearness. ey

Trimmatostroma Salicis Cda.—Mattituck on Salix; dctensieea ae Prof,
Dearness.

MELANCONIALES

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scribn.—On lima bean,
Phaseolus limensts. (Gloeosporium Lindemuthianum Sacc. &
Magn.)

C. lagenarium (Pass.) Ell. & Hals.—On cucumber, Cucumis sativus at Orient;
determined by Prof. Dearness.

Gloeosporium Lathami sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16:
168. July 1924. “On living leaves of Quercus stellata Wang.
Orient, N. Y.; Sept., 1917. Roy Latham: 829. ‘Conspicuous
in the fall; one tree in the center of a wood was covered with
it.’—R. L.”

G. Sanguisorbae Fckl.—Mattituck on Sanguisorba canadensis; determined by
Dr. Fairman.

Myxosporium Oenotherae sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol.
16: 169. July 1924. “On dead capsules of Oenothera biennis L.
Orient, N. Y.; Dec., 1922. Roy Latham: 514.”

Pestalozzia scirpina Ell. & Mart.—On Dulichium arundinaceum at Orient; de-
termined by Prof. Dearness, who says it agrees with the meas-
urement of this species, which was first collected by Dr. J. T.
Rothrock, on Scirpus maritimus, in Maryland in July 1884.
It is described in Am. Nat. 19: 76. Jan. 1885: and is No. 2181

_ of Ellis & Everhart’s N. Am. Fungi, 1888-1889.

12, Syrmeae Oud.—Orient on Diervilla (Weigela); determined by Prof. Dear-
ness.

Septogloeum Celtidis sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness i in Mycol. 16: 170.
July 1924. ‘On leaves of Celtis occidentalis L. Orient, N. Y.;
Oct., 1919. Roy Latham: 83.”

SPHAEROPSIDEAE

Botryodiplodia compressa (Cke.) Sacc., f. Toxtcodendri—Prof. Dearness in
Mycol. 16: 163. July 1924 describes this asa new form. “On
Rhus Toxicodendron L. Orient, N. Y., March, 1923. Roy
Latham: 962.”

Dichromera Clethrae sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 164.
July 1924. “On dead stems of Clethra alnifolia L. Greenport,
N. Y., April, 1923. Roy Latham: 1044b. Externally like
Steganosporium fenestratum (E. & E.) Sacc. on the same host.”

Diplodina epicarya Fairm.—On pit of prune, Prunus domestica at Orient; de-
termined by Prof. Dearness.

Discosia minima B. & C.—On nuts of Carya glabra at Mattituck; determined
by Dr. Fairman.

Dothiorella Celtidis Pk.—Mattituck on Celtis occidentalis; determined by Dr.
Fairman.

(ik

colegee Lathami sp. nov.—Described by--Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16:
166. July, 1924. “On decorticated Robinia Pseudo-Acacia L.
Orient, N. Y.; Feb.,.1923. Roy Latham: 986.”

Leptothyrium Smilacis sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16:
165-166. July 1924. “On twigs and branchlets of Smilax
rotundifolia L. . Orient, N. Y.; Feb., 1920. Roy Latham: 1339.”

Macrophoma Oenotherae-biennis sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in
Mycol. 16: 160. July 1924. ‘On dead capsules and stems of
the inflorescence of Oenothera biennis L.; Orient, N. Y.; Dec.,
1922. Roy Latham: 514.”

Phoma acicola (Lev.) Sacc.—Peconic on needles of Pinus rigida; determined
by Dr. Fairman.

P. acuum C, & E.—Southold on needles of Pinus rigida; determined by both
Dr. Fairman and Prof. Dearness.

P. Akebiae sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 159-160.
July 1924. “On dead stems of Akebia quinata Decaisne, as-
sociated with a form of Schizoxylon Berkeleyanum; Orient, N. Y.;
May, 1923.. R. Latham: 1124.”

Phoma.celtidicola Brun.—Mattituck on Celtis occidentalis; determined by Dr.
Fairman.

P. Dulcamarina Sacc.—Greenport on Solanum Dulcamara; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

P. enteroleuca Sacc.—On Syringa vulgaris at Orient; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

P. lingam (Tode) Desm.—Common on brussels sprouts, Brassica oleracea,
var. gemmztfera.

P. lirellata Sacc.—Orient on Paeonia; determined by Dr. Fairman.

P. spermoides sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 160.
July 1924. “@On.dead stems of Thalictrum sp.; Orient, N. Y.;
March, 1923. Rey) Latham: 1130. PP. .thalactrina Sacc. has
much larger spores.” __

P. sirobiligena Desm.—On cones of Pinus rigida; ‘determined by both Prof.
Dearness and Dr. Fairman.

Phyllosticta Clethricola Ell. & Mart.—Greenport on Clethra alnifolia; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

P. cruenia (Fr.) Kickx., var. longispora var. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness

: in Mycol. 16: 159. July 1924. “On Polygonatum -biflorum

(Walt.) Ell. Orient, N. Y., Aug. 1923. R. Latham: 1342.”

P. Hamamelidis (Cke.) Mart.—Greenport on Hamamelis virginiana; deter-
mined by Dr. Fairman.

Septoria ampelina B. & C.—On ‘Vitis at Mattituck: determined by_ Prof.
Dearness.

aS noctiflorae Ell. & Kell.—On Lychnts alba at Niattieudks determined by Prof.
Dearness.

Ss: ee sp. nov.—Described.by Prof. oo in My col. 16: 165. July
1924. : “On living leaves-of Radicula palustris (L.) Moench.
Southold,-N. Y.; Sept., 1922. Roy Latham: 685.”

ce sa Akebiae sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16:
161. July 1924. “On dead stems of Akebia quinata Decaisne.
June, 1923; Long Island, N. Y. R. Latham,,’ Collected at
Orient.

S. Amelanchieris sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol,
16: 161. July 1924. “On dead branches of Amelanchier
canadensis (L.) Medic. Orient, N. Y., Dec. -1923. Roy
Latham: 532. The conidia are longer and narrower than those
of other Sphaeropses on pomaceous hosts with which they were
compared.” This species was also collected at Greenport.

S. Celtidis E. & E.—On Celtis occidentalis at Mattituck; determine by Dr.
Fairman.

S. insignis B. & C.—On acorns of Quercus alba at Laurel; detesmmned by Dr.
Fairman.

S. latispora (Pk.) Dearn.—On Smilax rotundifolia at Orient; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

S. Platani Pk.—Mattituck on Platanus occidentalis; determined by Prof.
Dearness.

S. punctum C. & E.—Orient on Diervilla (Weigela) ; determined by Prof. Dear-
ness.

S. Sambuci Pk.—On Sambucus canadensis at Mattituck; determined by Prof.

Dearness.

S. Tecomae sp. nov.—Described by Prof. Dearness in Mycol. 16: 162. July
1924. “On dead branches of Tecoma radicans (L.) Juss.
Orient, N. Y., Jan., 1923. R. Latham: 672, 1185.”

Vermicularia Polygonati Schw.—Orient on Smilacina stellata; determined by
Prof. Dearness.

USTILAGINACEAE

Cintractia Montagnei (Tul.) Magn.—Orient on Rynchospora glomerata; deter-
mined by Dr. H. S. Jackson.

Urocystis Anemones (Pers.) Wint.—On Anemone quinquefolia at Orient; de-
termined by Dr. Jackson.

PUCCINIACEAE

Gymnosporangium Botryapites (Schw.) Kern—On Chamaecyparis thyoides at
Laurel; determined by Prof. Dearness.

Puccinia hieraciata (Schw.) Jackson.—On Carex at Greenport; determined by
Dr. Jackson.

Uromyces Eleocharidis Arth.—On Eleocharis obtusa at Orient; determined by
Dr. Jackson.

U. Rynchosporae (Ellis) Arth.—Orient on Rynchospora glomerata; determined
by Dr. Jackson.

U. verruculosus Schroet. mp cneenb ort on Lychnis alba; determined by Dr.
Jackson, who says, “very rare, has only previously been re-
ported from Michigan, and is presumably an introduced rust, as
it is common in Europe.”

THELEPHORACEAE
Cyphella fasciculata (Schw.) B. & C.—Peconic on Alnus; determined by Dr.
-E. Al'Burt.
HYDNACEAE
Grandinia tiberculata B. & C.—On Acer at Greenport; determined by Prof.
Dearness.
POLY PORACEAE

Boletinus decipiens (B. & C.) Pk.—Sandy woods at Southold; determined by
Prof. Dearness. (Boletinus Berkeleyt Murrill.)
Boletus luteus L.—Low sandy woods at Southold; determined by Prof. Dear-
"ness.

AGARICACEAE

Collybia acervata Fr.—Low woods at Southold; determined by Prof. Dearness.
Pleurotus applicatus (Batsch) Fr.—Old trunks of Pinus at Cutchogue; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.
P. spathulatus (Fr.) Pk.—Earth in rich woods at Greenport; determined by
Dr. C. G. Lloyd, and reported in Mycol. Notes, No. 72: 1296
June 1924.
STERILE MYCELIUM

Rhizomorpha subcorticalis Pers.—Greenport on Liriodendron Tulipifera; deter-
mined by Prof. Dearness.

LICHENES*

Alectoria chalybetformis (L.) S. F. Gray—Orient.

Biatorella clavus (Lam. & DC.) Th. Fr.—On rocks at Orient.

Bilimbia sphaeroides (Dicks.) Koerb.—On bark of Acer rubrum at Greenport.

Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot., var. elegans (Del.) Wainio.—Sandy soil at
Orient,

C. pityrea (Flk.) Fr.—Sandy soil at Orient.

C. uncialis (L.) Weber, f. humilis Mass.—Sandy soil at Orient.

C. verticillata (Hoffm.) Flk., var. evoluta Th. Fr.—Rotten wood in swamps at
Laurel.

Nephromopsis ciliarts (Ach.) Hue—Trees at Greenport. (Cetrarita ciliaris
Ach.)

Parmelia cetrata Ach.—Bark of Juniperus virginiana at Orient.

P. verrucilifera Nyl.—Bark of Quercus at Orient; and on Acer at Greenport.

Physcia setosa (Ach.) Nyl.—On Acer at Greenport.

Polyblastiopsis fallax (Nyl.)—Orient on Myrica carolinensis; determined by
Dr. Bruce Fink, through Dr. Thaxter.

Rhizocarpon confervoides DC.—On rock at Orient. (Rhizsocarpon petraea
(Wulf.) Tuck. in part.

* Unless otherwise stated the Lichens were determined by Dr. C. C. Plitt
and are deposited in the Herbarium of the Sullivant Moss Society.

HEPATICAE*®

Bazzania trilobata (1..) S, F. Gray—Swamps at Laurel.

Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dum.—Swamps at Laurel. =

C. catenulata (Hiiben) Spruce—Bank in a swamp at Southold.

Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph.—Laurel.

Lepidozia sylvatica Evans—Old logs in a swamp at. Greenport. ~

Odontoschisma denudatum (Mert.) Dumort.—Bank in a swamp at Gresweart:
Riccardia latifrons Lindb.—Banks in a swamp at Southold.

R. multifida (L.) S. F. Gray—Decayed wood at Southold.

MUSCIt

Aulacomnium heterostichum (Hedw.) B. & S.—Base of trees in a swamp at
Laurel.

Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoffm.) B. & S.—Swamps at Mattituck.

Bryum argenteum L.—Orient on bare soil in lawns:

Calliergon cuspidatum (L.) Kindb.—Swamp-at Laurel.

C. Schreberi (Willd.) Grout—Swamp at Laurel.

Fontinalis Novae-Angliae Sull.— Swamp at Greenport. me

Mnium punctatum L.—Swamp at Laurel.

M. punctatum, var. elatum Schimp.—Swamp at Laurel.

Orthotrichum pusillum Mitt.—Bark at Quercus at Mattituck.

O. sordidum Sull. & Lesq.—Laurel on Quercus. —

Thuidium microphyllum (Sw.) Best—Low woods at Mattituck.

SPERMATOPHYTA*

* Records of plants collected on Shelter Island, Plum Island and Fisher’s
Island are included in this list.

Chamaecyparis -thyoides (L.) B.S.P.—Swamp at Laurel, the host of Gymno-
sporangium Botryapites.

Najas gracillama (A. Br.) Magnus—Sandy pond at Southold; determined at
the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington.

Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb.—Sandy pond at Southold; pe beiogd ab
the Bureau of Plant Industry. |

P. natans L.—Swamp at Greenport; determined by Mr. Norman Taylor.

P. pulcher Tuck.—Swamp at Greenport; determined by Mr. Wm. C. Ferguson.

Elodea Nuttallii (Planch.) St. John—In a pond at Greenport; determined at
the N. Y. Botanical Garden.

Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene—Salt marshes, Shelter idands collected by i
H. D. House, No. 9703 of August 15, 1923.

Paspalum psammophilum. Nash—“‘Fisher’s Island, Taylor (FI. Vic. N. Y. 100.
1915). N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 254: 70. 1924.

* The Hepatics were determined by Dr. G. H- Conklin and are deposited in
the Herbarium of the Sullivant Moss Society.

+ The mosses were determined by Mr. Geo. B. Kaiser and are deposited*in
the Herbarium of the Sullivant Moss Society.

mpariina patens (Ait.) Muhl.; var. juncea (Mx.) Hitche.—Salt--marshes,
Shelter Island; collected by Dr. House, No. 9702.

Carex anceps Muhl.—Not rare in dry woods at Laurel; determined by Mr.
Ferguson. (Carex laxiflora Lam., var. patulifolia (Dewey)
Carey.)

C. annectens. Bicknell—Wet woods, Greenport; determined by Mr. Ferguson,

C; convoluta Mackenz.—Wet woods at Laurel; determined by Mr. Ferguson.
(Carex rosea Schkr., var. pusilla Pk.)

C. echinata Murr., var. cephalantha Bailey—Swamp at Cutchogue; determined
by Mr. Ferguson. (Carex cephalantha (Bailey) Bickn.)

C. Grayit Carey—Rich woods at Greenport; determined by Mr. G. P. Van
Eseltine.

C. Longit Mackenz.—Rich ground at Greenport; determined by Mr. Ferguson.
(Carex albolutescens Schwein.)

C. normalis Mackenz.—Rich woods at Greenport; determined by Mr. Van-
Eseltine. (Carex mirabilis Dewey.)

C. striata Mx., var. brevis Bailey—Bog at Laurel; determined by Mr. Ferguson.
(Carex Walteriana Bailey).

C. tribuloides Wahl.—Low woods at Greenport; determined by Mr. Ferguson.

Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S., var. glaucescens (Willd.) Gray—Greenport;
determined by Mr. Ferguson.

E. rostellata Torr.—Salt marshes, Cutchogue and Peconic; determined by Mr.
Ferguson.

Scirpus nanus Spreng.—Mud on salt marshes at Bay View, Greenport and

Orient; determined by Mr. Ferguson.

Orontium aquaticum L.—A few plants in a swamp near Laurel.

Juncus canadensis J. Gay—Margin of salt marsh, Shelter Island; collected by
Dr. House, No. 9681.

J. dichotomus Ell.—Dr. Charles B. Graves in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 59.
Feb. 1896 says, “‘In August, 1892, the writer discovered Juncus
dichotomus growing upon Plum Island, and during the past
summer found it to be not rare upon Fisher’s Island.”

Povonia verticillata (Willd.) Nutt.—Miss Margaret A. Fay found several
hundred plants i in moist woods at Southold. Mrs. William Fay
collected it in rich woods at Greenport.

Polygonum aviculare L., var. angustissimum Meisn.—Waste ground, Orient.;
determined by Mr. Ferguson. (Polygonum neglectum Besser.)

Atriplex arenaria Nutt.—Sandy and gravelly shores, aE UE Island; collected
by Dr. House, No. 9690a.

Suaeda linearis (Ell.) Moq.—Salt marshes, Shelter Island; collected by Dr.
House, No. 9691.

Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl.—Salt marshes, Shelter Island; collected by

.Dr. House, No. 9694. (Tissa marina (L.) Britton.)

Brasenia Schrebert Gmel.—Rare in a pond at Laurel.

Ranunculus micranthus Nutt.—Wet sands, Fisher's Island; determined at N.Y.
Botanical Garden.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.—Waste place at Orient,

Thlaspi arvense L.—Cultivated ground at Orient.

Rubus odoratus L.—Rare in rich woods at Greenport.

Cassia Chamaecrista L.—Dry fields, Shelter Island; collected by Dr. House,
No. 9680.

Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel.—Sandy soil near the shore, Shelter Island; col-
lected by Dr. House, No. 9683.

Lespedeza capitata Mx., var. velutina (Bicknell) Fernald—Upper border of
salt marshes at Orient; determined by Mr.Ferguson. (Lespedeza
Bicknellii House.)

Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl.) Britton—Salt marshes at Bay View and

Greenport.
Trifolium arvense L.—Dry fields, Shelter Island; collected by Dr. House, No.
9676.

Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.—Dr. Graves, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23:
59. Feb. 1896 says in 1895, he found near the east end of
Fisher’s Island ‘‘a small colony of Euphorbia glyptosperma
Engelm. far out of its cited range.”’

Callitriche deflexa A. Br., var. Austini (Engelm.) Hegelm.—Thin bare soil
mostly along wagon roads, rather common at Southold. Rare
on dryer soil in woods at Greenport; determined at N. Y.
Botanical Garden.

Rhus copallina L.—Dry banks, Shelter Island; collected by Dr. House, No.
9697.

R. typhina L.—Rare on hills at Mattituck.

Helianthemum Bicknellii Fernald—Mattituck; determined at the Bureau of
Plant Industry.

Viola sagittata Ait.—Moist sandy soil at Southold; determined by Mr. Fer-
guson.

Oenothera laciniata Hill—Local in dry soil, Laurel.

Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong—Fisher’s Island, Sept. 15, 1891: collected
by Rev. J. L. Zabriskie. (Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt., var.
limosum Nutt.)

Aralia hispida Vent.—Sandy soil, rare at Southold; determined by Mr.
Ferguson.

Ligusticum scoticum L.—Dr. Graves in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 59. Feb.
1896 says, ‘‘Ligusticum scoticum L. has been known for some
years to be frequent upon Fisher’s Island; in August, 1895, a
station for it was found on the north shore of Plum Island.”

Zizia aurea (L.) Koch—Fisher’s Island; determined by Mr. Ferguson.

Z. cordata (Walt.) DC.—Rare on Fisher's Island; determined by Mr. Ferguson.

Limonium trichogonum Blake—Salt marshes, Shelter Island; collected by Dr.
House, No. 9668.

Fraxinus pennsyluanica Marsh.—Greenport, swampy woods.” Mr. Fer-
guson in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 51: 195. May 1924.

Bartonia paniculata (Mx.) Robins.—Sandy swamp, Southold, September 30,
1923. Plants very slender, leaf-scales and branches alternate,
corolla lobes sharp pointed. Growing with Bartonta virginica
(L.) BSP.

Asclepias rubra L.—Dry hills, East Marion, rare; determined by Dr. John K,
Small.

Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm.—Sandy swamp at Mattituck; determined at
the Bureau of Plant Industry as Cuscuta obtusiflora HBK.

Lamium maculatum L.—Fields at Cutchogue; collected by Mrs. Fay.

Marrubium vulgare L.—Dry waste places, Laurel; determined by Dr. Small.

Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.—Roadsides, Southold; collected by Mrs. Fay.

Thymus Serpyllum L.—Dry hills, Fisher’s Island; determined by Dr. Small.

Ilysanthes inaequalis (Walt.) Pennell—Sandy shore of a pond at Laurel; de-
termined by Mr. Ferguson. (Jlysanthes anagallidea (Mx.)
Robins.)

Plantago decipiens Barneoud—Salt marshes, Shelter Island; collected by
Dr. House, No. 9692.

P. elongata Pursh—Dr. Graves in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 59. Feb. 1896
says, ‘‘In 1892 Plantago elongata Pursh (P. pusilla Nutt.) was
detected growing on the south side of Fisher’s Island.”

Jasione montana ©.—All around the borders of one field, at Laurel, covering
an acre; and evidently is spreading.

Aster concolor L.—Sandy ground at Bay View.

A. ericoides L., var. villosus T. & G.—Dry woods, Laurel; determined by Mr.
Ferguson.

A. nemoralis Ait.—Sandy swamp at Laurel, rare; determined by Mr. Ferguson.

A. paniculatus Lam.—Salt marshes, Shelter Island; collected by Dr. House,
No. 9686.

Centaurea vochinensis Bernh.—Greenport and Bay View; collected by Mrs.
Fay and determined by Mr. Ferguson.

Solidago Michauxit House—‘‘Cutchogue, Latham”’ (Solidago minor (Mx.)
Fernald).

S. serotina Ait., var. gigantea (Ait.) Gray—Sandy swamp, Mattituck; deter-
mined by Mr. ———-——-— :

BOOK REVIEWS

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AMERICAN NATURAL HIsTORY*

This volume is the first of three which, when completed, will
constitute the most important contribution ever made to the
history of natural science in the United States. The entire
work is strictly bibliographic, and consequently intended solely
as a work of reference, but it supplies the key needed to unlock

* MEISEL, Max. A bibliography of American natural history: the pioneer
century, 1769-1865. Volume I. An annotated bibliography of ... the
history, biography and bibliography . .. published up to 1924; ... and
a bibliography of biographies. 244 pages. Premier Publishing Co., 626
{now 658] Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y., [November 1924.] Price (cloth),
$5.00, postpaid..

the stores of historical material relating to the early years of
American biologic and geologic science. It deals only with the
period termed by the author the “pioneer century,” from the
formation of the American Philosophical Society in 1769 to the
close of the Civil War in 1865. This period is of course the most
important one for treatment in this way, and the present pub-
lication supplies a solid foundation upon which to build similar
work relating to the progress of American natural history in
later years.

The importance of this undertaking can perhaps not be stated
any more clearly than by these words from the preface defining

its scope: ‘“‘During this century the pioneers . . . laid the
foundations for the great achievements in American natural
history with which we are so familiar today. . . . The Biblio-

graphy aims to record the natural history contents of the pub-
lications of nearly ninety societies; of twenty-five journals;
of thirty-six state geological and natural history surveys; of fif-
teen natural history museums and botanic gardens; and of
over seventy federal exploring expeditions and surveys.” —

Mr. Meisel, who has been engaged in this undertaking for
nearly ten years, has done his work thoroughly and presented his
results clearly. The preface to this first volume outlines the
scope of all three, and the table of contents includes the second
and third volumes. The author assures me that there is rea-
sonable hope that the two remaining volumes will appear with no
serious delay. Their appearance, however, is in part contingent
upon the sale of the first volume, and libraries that need a work
of this kind should lose no time in securing this volume, thus
encouraging the publication of the remainder.

The present volume is wholly historical and biographical.
Seventy-three pages are devoted to an annotated list of the pub-
lications relating to the history, biography, and bibliography of
early American natural history and its institutions which have
been published up to 1924; thirty-seven pages to a subject index
and fifteen pages to a geographic index to the annotated list;
and eighty-nine pages to a selected list of biographies and biblio-
graphies of the principal early American naturalists.

It is needless to say that it is impossible, in a work of this
character, to avoid, occasional clerical or typographical errors,
but in the present instance these are remarkably few. It could

accomplish no good result to enumerate here the imperfections
that have come to the notice of the reviewer. And omissions
seems to be as scarce as errors.

JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART.

’ WINTER BOTANY, WILLIAM TRELEASE*

This little book is a companion volume to the author’s Plant
Materials of Decorative Gardening which gives keys for deter-
mining trees and shrubs in their summer condition. The present
volume gives keys based on twig, bud and leaf-scar characters
by means of which practically all of the trees and shrubs, native
or cultivated,.can be determined in the winter. The key refers
to 328 genera and I100 species and varieties, considerably more
than are given in Plant Materials, though the evergreens de-
scribed in that volume are omitted in the present book. With
all genera containing more than one species keys are given to the
species or varieties.

Necessarily the characters used to separate species are often
comparative and so difficult to use where only one form is being
traced out. For example it will be difficult to decide whether a
twig is “distinctly glandular-warty”’ or ‘“‘nearly.smooth,’’ or
again whether a twig is ‘“moderately slender”’ or “ very slender.”
In such cases it may be impossible to decide which species one
has, but nine times out of ten there should be no trouble. With
each genus is a series of drawings showing clearly the determining
characters, with the aid of these drawings the user may feel cer-
tain of his identification of the genus and often of the species.
The characters of the genera are described briefly, but no de-
scriptions of the species are given. This omission is mneces-
sary in a book of pocket size that attempts to give so many
species.

After each genus, or sometimes after the last genus of a family,
page references for each species are given to a number of texts.
In some cases these references occupy as much as two pages.
As the books referred to are listed in the back these references
to species might have been omitted with considerable saving of
space. For example, page references are given for every species of

_ * WILLIAM TRELEASE, Winter Botany. Second Edition, Revised, Published
by the author, Urbana, Ill. Pages xlii + 396. 1925.

native tree to Blakeslee and Jarvis, New England Trees in Winter,
similarly for nearly every cultivated shrub or tree given references
are made to the pages in Schneider’s Dendrolische Winterstudien.
The names used are those given in Bailey’s Cyclopedia of Hor-
ticulture. For many of the species one, and only one, common
name is given, other species have only the scientific name. A
freer use of common names and synonyms for frequently used
scientific names would have added to the value of the book.
The book will fit the coat pocket comfortably. The dark
brown cover offers little contrast to the black lettering on it,
otherwise no fault can be found with the appearance of the book
as it is well printed on good paper and bound in flexible cloth.
Within the limits of so small a book it is surprising how much
has been included. The book will prove almost invaluable to
those who wish to determine trees and shrubs in winter.
GEORGE T. HASTINGS.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB
MEETING OF MARCH I0, 1925

This meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History at 8:15 p.m., with Vice President Richards in the chair.
The attendance was 22.

Dr. George H. Shull, of Princeton University, gave a lecture
on ‘‘Genetical Studies in Oenothera.”

The lecturer remarked the extensive work which has been done
on the genetics of Oenothera by de Vries, who is still vigorously
engaged at the work which he began 40 years ago, and by nu-
merous investigators who have joined him in recent years, the
lecturer’s own work having been continued now for a period of
20 years. Examples were given to illustrate the two most fun-
damental peculiarities of Oenothera genetics, the production of
unlike reciprocal hybrids and the splitting in Fi to form the so-
called ‘‘twin”’ hybrids.

Diagrams were displayed representing the manner in which
two sets of balanced lethal factors account for the fundamental
peculiarities of genetical behavior in the Oenotheras, the La-
marckiana type being characterized by a double pair of zygote
lethals which account for the F; splitting, the biennis type by a

pair of sperm lethals, balanced by a pair of egg lethals, which
account for the unlikeness of reciprocal hybrids. In both types
the result is the maintenance of true-breeding species, all the
individuals of which are uniformly heterozygous. The demon-
stration of the existence of these lethal factors has been possible
because of the linkage between the lethals and other factors
which give rise to visible characters, and the occurrence of cross-
ing over which has separated and recombined the lethals in new
combinations with the other known factors.

Including these balanced lethals, 13 factors are recognized as
belonging to a single linkage group.

Two factors have now been found which are independent of the
large linkage group; one of these is the short-styled brevistylis
discovered by de Vries, in nature, at the beginning of his work
40 years ago, but not yet discovered in experimental culture
except as recessive segregates from previous crosses. The
second is the “old gold”’ factor which is not only independent
of the big linkage group, but also independent of brevistylis,
giving in crosses with the latter, the typical dihybrid Mendelian
ratio, 9 :3:3:1, regardless of the presence or absence of the
lethals or of other factors belonging to the big linkage group.

Slides were shown illustrating the new double-flowered
mutant form, mut. supplena, which originated last summer in
the lecturer’s cultures, being the first double-flowered Oenothera
which has been reported. This mutation was repeated eight
times in one culture and was associated with three different
vegetative habits which were recognized as being differentiated
from one another in the number of lethal factors present. This
is taken to indicate the probable independence, or near inde-
pendence, of the supplena factor from the big linkage group, but
this conclusion is tentative and awaits critical evidence from
the coming summer’s cultures.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

The Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club which has formerly
been issued in twelve numbers a year has been changed to nine
numbers, none being published during July, August and Septem-
ber. There will be no decrease in the total pagination for the
year.

Professor Tracy E. Hazen, editor of the Bulletin, sailed for
London on May 30, expecting to spend most of the summer in
England and Norway continuing his studies on unicellular algae.

Dr. Karl Wiegand of Cornell University is spending the sum-
mer in Newfoundland with Dr. Farnald, collecting and studying
the vegetation. He will not return till late in September.

Dr. John K. Small returned to the New York Botanical Garden
the last of May from his trip across the Gulf States. With Dr.
Edgar T. Wherry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, he
travelled seven thousand miles by motor truck. Starting from
Cape Sable at the southern tip of Florida the party went up the
east coast, across northern Florida and along the Gulf Coast
of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas to the Rio Grande
at Brownsville. The party ascended the Rio Grande to El
Paso, then turned east, returning through the northern parts
of the same states already passed through and down the west
coast of Florida to the starting point. Several thousand speci-
mens were collected and many pictures taken of plants and plant-
associations.

This summer prizes are being offered in a large number of
boys’ and girls’ camps for the best collections of wild flowers.
The prizes are known as the Samuel Fessenden Clark prizes,
named for Dr. Clark, Professor Emeritus of Natural History
at Williams College. The purpose of the prizes is to “inspire
young people with a love of the open and an appreciation of
the beautiful in nature, to increase their powers of observation
and to establish lasting friendships among the flowers that
may become a source of pleasure, increasing with the years.

Errata

In the last issue of ToRREYA, No. 3 of Vol. 25, on page 58,
the numbers on illustrations 6 and 7 should be interchanged.

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of TorREYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the

editor when returning proof.

Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following

rates:
4pp.| 8pp.|t2pp.| 16pp-| 20pp.| 24pp-| 28pp.) 32pp.| 48pp-| 64PP
25 copies|$1.40 40 $2.45 $3.6518 4.40/8 5: 65| $6.50/$ 8.00/$ 8.45/$12.55/$15.90
Shae 1.65] 2.90] 4.25] 5.10} 6.65] 7.75) 9.40] 9.85] 14.15] 17-35
rea 1.95] 3-35] 4.85] 5.65} 7.60) 8.75} 10.45] 11.25] 15.65] 19.95
100 2.25) 3.80] 5.35] 6.35] 8.25] 9.80] 11.55] 12.45] 17.55) 22.05
TSO 2.70] 4.60] 6.50] 7.60] 10.20] 12.10] 14.20] 15.20] 21.35| 26.80
200 =" 3.00] 5.05] 7.15] 8.35] 11.40] 13.50] 15.80] 16.85] 23.55] 29.60
300 " 3.85 coh 9.20} 10.70] 14.85] 17.55] 20.50] 21.05] 30.20] 37.40
100 for $1.00

Covers:

25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 144c. each, Plates:

Committees for 1925.

Finance Committee
R. A. HARPER, Chairman.
J. H. BARNHART
Miss C. C. HAYNES
SERENO STETSON

Field Committee
A. L. GUNDERSEN, Chairman.
Miss JEAN BROADHURST
H. M. DENsLow
G. C, FISHER

Miss E. M. Kuprer
MiIcHAEL LEVINE
Miss Daisy LEvy

RaAaymMonpD H, Torrey

PERCY WILSON

Budget Committee

J. H. BARNHART, Chairman.
R. A. HARPER

N. L. Britton

H. M. DENsLow

C. S. GAGER

M. A. Howe

H. H. Russy

Program Committee

Membership Committee

J. K. SMALL, Chairman.
T. E. HAZEN
NORMAN TAYLOR

Local Flora Committee

N. L. Britton, Chairman.

Phanerogams: Cryptogams:
E. P: BICKNELL Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
N. L. BritTTon A. W. Evans
H. M. DENsSLow T. E. HAZEN
W. C. Fercuson M.A. Howe

A. H. GRAVES, Chairman.
Mrs. E. G. BriTTON

T. E. Hazen

M. A. Howe

LuDLOoW GRISCOM
BAYARD LONG
K. K. MACKENZIE F. J. SEAVER

MICHAEL LEVINE
W. A. MurRILL

G, E. NICHOLS
NORMAN TAYLOR

Chairmen of Special Committees on Local Flora

Fernsand Fern Allies: R. C. Benedict

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton

« Liverworts: A. W. Evans

Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen
Marine Algae: M.A. Howe
Gasteromycetes: G. C. Fisher
Hymenomycetes: W. A. Murrill

Except Russula and Lactarius: Miss G.

S. Burlingham
Cortinarius: R. A. Harper
Polyporeae: M. Levine

Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson
Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver

Lichens:

Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H.M
Richards

Hypocreaceae, chaenacene Tu-
berineae: F. J. Seaver

Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed

Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout

Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T
Cook

Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee

Myxomycetes:

Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

hurst
Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memnorrs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes 1-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application.

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00.

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to

RALPH C. BENEDICT
Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vol. 25 September-October, 1925 No. 5

TORREYA

A Bi-MoNTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL NoTES AND NEws
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

CONTENTS
Molly and\Laurel, EnuizABeTH G. BRITTON. 2. 0.0. eee ce dee eens 89
Five New'Species of Lobeliaceae, H. A. GLEASON............. 000-004 005- 92
Some Extinct or Lost and Rediscovered Plants, P. A. RYDBERG............ 96
Demonstration of Protoplasmic Motion, ARTHUR P. KELLEY............... 98
Notes on Fagus antipofii, T. D. A. CoCKERELL...........00.00. 00.00 y cues 98
Book Reviews:

: Holman and Robbins’, Textbook of General Botany, C. L. CAREY...... 100
Johnson’s, The New England-Acadian Shore Line, G. T. HASTINGs..... 101
Standley and Caideron’s, A List of the Plants of El Salvador, S. F. BLAKE 102

PLOCCCMIMNES OL THE: Clip sik. Seder e Ge eed eee a Welsies apegees Ue eb Seeay es 104
BROW MOLES TA SS aya eve we eae ROE waa weal ee obs Py AE pes sate ce Wo eee’ 107

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KING STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Entered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1925

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D,

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, Pu.D., Sc.D.
Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pu.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
RALPH C. BENEDICT, Ps.D.
BroogkLyn Botanic GARDEN
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN, Pua.D.

Associate Editors
A. F. BLAKESLEE, Pu.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M.
CORNELIA L. CAREY, Pu.D. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu.D., Sc.D
ALEX. W. EVANS, M.D.; Po.D: M. LEVINE, Pu.D.

H. A. GLEASON, Ps.D. ~ ARLOW B. STOUT, Pu D.
ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Pu.D.
ss Bibliographer

MRS. HELEN S. HILL

Delegate to. the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSHIP

All persons interested in botany are invited to join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a year, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE
WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorREYA is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postal or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks, that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received only for full volumes, beginning with the
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West |
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, Brooklyn, N. Y

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS
2567 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

OCT 31 1929

TORREYA

Vol. 25 No. 5
September-October, 1925

HOLLY AND LAUREL

For a long time it has been evident to those of us who live
in large cities that unless something was done to save the Ameri-
can Holly, there would soon be none left to be saved. Many
of us stopped buying Holly, at least ten years ago, and have
used artificial or natural substitutes. Excellent imitations of
Poinsettia and Holly may be had, and these do not shrivel
and grow shabby so soon, and may be used again and again in
different combinations. Many of the large shops use artificial
wreaths because they keep better than the natural ones, look
handsomer, and may be used again another year. Garlands
of laurel are not used as much as formerly because the use of
ropes of laurel and ground pine has been so cheapened and abused
that people of good taste no longer take pleasure in this form of
decoration. But that there is entirely too much laurel roping
still used cannot be denied. However, we may take comfort
and consolation in the fact that, though there is no good sub-
stitute for the laurel, we are told by the State foresters of Con-
necticut that it may be grown with profit as a crop, and that on
many rocky and waste pastures in that state it will pay better
than any other crop.

Mrs. Farrand states in her article on ‘‘Christmas Greens’
that ‘‘we are most of us to blame through ignorance, because
we do not know that one thin and poor yard of laurel-roping
uses up at least twenty growths of one year each, and that
over thirty are needed to make the pretty, thick strands we all
have liked to buy. A good wreath of Holly is made up of an
average of two years’ growth. The cases of Holly sold in all
the large florists’ shops and market at Christmas time measure
approximately three feet long and two feet wide and at least
two feet high: each of these boxes contain a minimum of six
hundred years of growth. It is therefore not difficult to under-
stand why Holly has been practically exterminated from the
State of Connecticut and is growing difficult to find in New
Jersey and nearby States.”’

ie}@)

The Century Dictionary gives 36 names of places in which
the word Holly occurs, and its range in the eastern part of
the United States—from Maine to Florida, and westward to
Pennsylvania, Missouri, and Texas—would seem to assure us
that Holly was formerly abundant and widely distributed in
the Eastern States. It has disappeared almost entirely from
the Northern States and is rapidly diminishing in the Southern;
all that comes to market is obtained from wild plants, and much
of it is taken without the consent of the owners.

Holly plants, 2, 3, and 4 years old grown from seeds sown in January.

We are advocating the replanting of Holly from seeds by
everyone who uses Holly for Christmas decorations, and the
growing of Holly from cuttings by dealers to supply the ever-
growing demand for living plants. Bailey, in the Standard
Cyclopedia of Horticulture, says that the seeds do not germinate
until the second year, that young seedlings should be trans-
planted after they are two years old, and that all or nearly
all, of the leaves should be stripped off from Jlex opaca and I.

aquifolium when transplanted—particularly if at all exposed to
wind and sun—as it is absolutely necessary to insure success.
Holly will stand a certain amount of shade and can be planted
without stripping off the leaves. At the New York Botanical
Garden we have germinated the fruits taken from a hardy tree
in the fruticetum in 8 months by planting them early in January
in a mixture of sand and leaf-mould. Friends tell me that
when planted in pots with their house plants, they can grow them
readily from berries that have been used at Christmas-time, and
in a few cases, those thrown out-of-doors have germinated.

Fortunately for us all, we shall not have to give up the use
of this symbolic decoration for long, for in Oregon they are grow-
ing the European Holly commercially; there are many Holly
farms near Portland, Oregon, and opportunity to raise enough
of it to supply the nation. Many follow the custom of selling
their surplus Holly, and florists will trim trees and hedges
properly and buy the cuttings. These sell for a dollar a pound
and are shipped to Chicago and New York. The moist and
equable climate of the west coast from British Columbia to
California is so similar to that of England that all the delicate
and variegated varieties of IJex aquifolia flourish, the English and
Dutch, those with the silver and gold margined leaves, and the
variety known as Aurea regina. In comparison with the Holly
native on the Atlantic Coast, the leaves of all these varieties
are much more dense and glossy, the spines more sharply
pointed, and the berries are borne in clusters—on the whole,
a much more durable and decorative species and one that is
ultimately bound to supplant our own Ilex opaca, as this dimin-
ishes and J. aquifolia increases in abundance. But for the sake
of ‘‘ Auld Lang Syne”’ and the birds, let us grow our own Holly
and create a demand for living plants by refusing to buy cut
Holly!

ELIZABETH G. BRITTON,
Botanical Garden.
Sec’y-Treas. Wild Flower Pres-
ervation Society of America.

FIVE NEW SPECIES OF LOBELIACEAE
H. A. GLEASON
Centropogon poasensis n. sp.

Stem woody, densely and coarsely ferruginous-stellate above,
becoming glabrous 2—3 dm. from the summit, the internodes
about I cm. long; petioles stout, densely tomentose, 10-15 mm.
long; leaf-blades thin, dull green, oblong-elliptic, 35-60 mm. long,
17-25 mm. wide, the uppermost somewhat smaller, abruptly
acuminate or slightly falcate, sharply spinulose-denticulate with
black, callous, subulate-triangular, salient teeth (5-6 teeth per
cm. of margin, 0.3-0.5 mm. long), obtuse to subrotund at base,
sparsely stellate along the midvein and glabrous on the surface
above, coarsely ferruginous-stellate below, especially on the
veins; lateral veins about 5 mm. apart, broadly divergent, the
veinlets obscure; peduncles axillary, slender, spreading, 3-5 cm.
long, densely ferruginous-tomentose, subulately bracteolate
near the base; hypanthium broadly hemispherical, 4 mm. high,
7-8 mm. wide when pressed, densely tomentose at the base,
sparsely stellate above; sepals erect, triangular-subulate, 3 mm.
long, sparsely and minutely denticulate, thinly stellate, especially
at the margin; corolla about 28 mm. long, red, prominently and
coarsely stellate, especially toward the summit, the tube lightly
curved, the lobes linear-falcate, strongly decurved; filaments
exserted 6-10 mm., prominently white-villous; anther-tube 7
mm. long, lead-color, sparsely pilose in the fissures, the two
lower anthers penicillate.

Type, Smith 6626, collected Mar. 1896, Volcan Poas, Prov.
Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 2500 m., and deposited in the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. Duplicates of
the type are in various other herbaria, and, so far as examined,
agree exactly with it. A second collection from the same locality
is Pitter 2045. The species was originally distributed by Capt.
Smith as Siphocampylus Regelit Vatke, which is distinguished by
its large leaves, 10-12 cm. long and 5-6 cm. wide, its shorter
sepals, and its thin cinereous tomentum, composed of branched
hairs only about half as large as those of C. poasensis.

Both species are true Centropogons, and show by their hy-
panthia, corollas, and tomentum their close relationships to a
large group of species in northwestern South America. Szpho-
campylus Regelit Vatke is better known as Centropogon cos-
taricanus Planch. & Oerst., a name which not only places the
plant in the proper genus but has also the advantage of seventeen

years’ priority. Zahlbruckner has regarded it as a variety of
Centropogon affinis Mart. & Gal., a species of Guatemala and
southern Mexico with which our plant has little real affinity.

Centropogon rubrovenosus n. sp.

Stems climbing, strongly grooved and angled above, glabrous
or slightly verrucose below, minutely pilose near the nodes, the
internodes 2.5—5 cm. long; petioles stout, 6-8 mm. long, minutely
scabrous-pubescent; leaf-blades ovate, apparently rather fleshy,
6-7 cm. long, 3-4. cm. wide, broadest below the middle, gradually
narrowed or abruptly subacuminate to a blunt apex, broadly
rounded or subtruncate at the base, barely repand on the callous
margin and denticulate with minute, callous, appressed teeth
(2-3 teeth per cm. of margin, 0.1 mm. high), glabrous and dull
green above, minutely and sparsely pubescent on the midvein
beneath, the surface pale green; lateral veins plane, 8-12 mm.
apart, arcuately ascending, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the
veins bordered and the veinlets marked by bands of dark red;
inflorescence an elongate terminal raceme; peduncles slender,
2-3 cm. long, conspicuously pubescent at the base, sparsely pu-
bescent above, ebracteolate; bracts ovate, 5-9 mm. long,
petioled; hypanthium hemispheric, 3 mm. high, 7 mm. wide
when pressed, very sparsely and minutely pilose; sepals re-
flexed, linear, 7-9 mm. long, minutely pubescent, 1I-nerved;
corolla red, strongly curved, sparsely pubescent, the tube about
28 mm. long, the lobes broadly triangular-falcate, decurved;
filaments exserted 10-12 mm., glabrous; anther-tube 6 mm.
long, glabrous below, the upper anthers pubescent with purple
hairs at the tip, the two lower with a cartilaginous appendage.

Type, Macbride 4104, collected 20 May to I June 1923, Hua-
cachi, near Muna, Peru, altitude about 6500 feet, and deposited
in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History.
Closely related to C. yungasensis, from which it differs in its

elongate racemes and its ovate, red-veined leaves.

b Siphocampylus corynellus n. sp.

Stem shrubby, thinly tomentose above, the internodes 5-15
mm. long; petioles 8 mm. long; leaf-blades thick and firm, nar-
rowly oblong-linear, 6-9 cm. long, 8-12 mm. wide, acute, finely
denticulate, long-cuneate to the base, dark-green, glabrous, and
strongly rugose above, densely white-tomentose beneath; pe-
duncles axillary, 5-6 cm. long, erect; hypanthium broadly turbi-
nate, 6 mm. long, 9 mm. wide when pressed, faintly ribbed;
sepals erect, narrowly triangular, acute, separated by broad flat

sinuses 3 mm. wide; corolla white or pale yellow, 38 mm. long
over all, the tube 15 mm. long, upper four lobes 23 mm. long,
straight and erect, narrowly triangular, 2-3 mm. wide at the
base, the lower lobe linear, separate nearly or quite to the base;
anther-tube 11 mm. long, about equaling the petals, glabrous,
all anthers densely woolly at the apex.

Type, Matthews 1185, collected in Peru, and deposited in the
herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, England.

S. corynellus is closely akin to S. corynoides Wimmer, of which
I have seen a sheet collected by Pearce and Cook & Gilbert 1320.
The two are at once distinguished from the other species of the
genus with short corolla-tube and pale flowers by the corolla, in
which the lower lobe is separate from the others almost to the
base.

Siphocampylus flavoruber n. sp.

Stem apparently herbaceous and erect, strongly and irregularly
angled or subalate, thinly pubescent when young, glabrescent
with age, the internodes 5-10 mm. long; petioles stout, 3-5 mm.
long, sparsely hirtellous; leaf-blades firm, narrowly ovate-oblong,
45-75 mm. long, 15-25 mm. wide, or the upper smaller, acute or
short-acuminate, broadly cuneate at base, finely and sharply
fimbriate-denticulate with triangular-subulate, callous, salient
teeth (about 20 teeth per cm. of margin, 0.3-0.8 mm. long), dull
green, rugose, and minutely puberulent above, pale green and
densely hirtellous with nearly straight white hairs beneath;
lateral veins 2-5 mm. apart, ascending at an angle of about 45°
and freely branching in their distal half, the veinlets finely
reticulate; peduncles numerous, axillary, forming a leafy ter-
minal raceme, 25-45 mm. long, densely white-hirtellous, fre-
quently twisted or contorted 6 mm. from the summit; bracteoles
filiform, 3 mm. long; hypanthium broadly turbinate-pyriform,
6-8 mm. high, 7-9 mm. wide when pressed, prominently Io-
ribbed, minutely white-hirtellous; sepals erect or slightly spread-
ing, triangular-subulate from a dilated base, 5 mm. long, den-
ticulate with 5-6 pairs of callous salient teeth, prominently 1-
nerved, conspicuously white-hirtellous; corolla 4 cm. long over
all, red above, yellow on the ventral half, minutely and sparsely
pubescent, the tube 22 mm. long ventrally, 26 mm. dorsally, the
lobes linear, the lower 18, the upper 14 mm. long; stamens about
equaling the corolla, the filaments glabrous, the anther-tube
glabrous, greenish-brown, 7 mm. long, the two lower anthers
penicillate.

Type, Bro. Julio 4o, collected in Bolivia, and deposited in the

United States National Herbarium. Related to S. tupaeformis

Zahlbr., S. foliosus Griseb., and S. nemoralis Griseb., from which
it is distinguished by its subulate, spinulose-denticulate sepals;
more closely resembling S. tupaeformis reduncus Wimmer ined.,
which has prominently reticulate leaves truncate at the base.

oo Siphocampylus fissus n. sp.

Stem woody, twining, scabrously pubescent above, the inter-
nodes 5-10 mm. long, later lengthening to 2 cm.; petioles stout,
4-6 mm. long, rough-pubescent; leaf-blades coriaceous, dark
green, shining above, broadly ovate-oblong, 20-27 mm. long,
12-18 mm. wide, broadly rounded at the apex, truncate or broad-
ly rounded at base, subrevolute at the cartilaginous margin,
sharply and finely denticulate with subulate salient teeth (about
4 teeth per cm. of margin, 0.5 mm. long), glabrous and strongly
rugose above, brownish-green and scabrously pubescent on the
veins beneath, the veinlets prominently reticulate; peduncles
axillary, 15 mm. long, densely pubescent, forming a leafy raceme;
hypanthium turbinate, 3 mm. high, 6 mm. wide when pressed,
densely pubescent; sepals erect, oblong, 1.5 mm. long, rounded
at apex, thinly pubescent, separated by broad flat sinuses; corolla
pale yellowish-green, the tube densely pubescent, 10 mm. long,
3-4 mm. wide when pressed, the lobes closely pubescent, nar-
rowly linear, the upper 23 mm. long, the lower a little shorter;
filaments equaling the upper corolla-lobes, glabrous below, pu-
berulent at the summit; anther-tube 10 mm. long, glabrous, the
two lower anthers penicillate.

Type, Macbride 4863, collected 16-24 June 1923, Playapampa,
Peru, altitude about 9000 feet, and deposited in the herbarium of
the Field Museum of Natural History (duplicate in herb. of
New York Botanical Garden). A relative of S. Purdiaeanus
Planch. and S. secundus Wimmer, as shown by the deeply cleft
corolla; differing from the latter in its broad blunt leaves and
pubescence and from the former in its small, rugose, shining
leaves.

New York BOTANICAL GARDEN.

SOME EXTINCT OR LOST AND REDISCOVERED
PLANTS i

ASTRAGALUS LABRADORICUS, DC.
P. A. RYDBERG

This was first described as Astragalus secundus Michx. (FI.
Bor. Am. 2: 66. 1803). Michaux gives the following de-
scription:
‘“SECUNDUS: A. caulescens, procumbens: spicis pedunculosis;

leguminibus secundis, pendulis, nigricantibus.

Obs: Minutim pubescens, foliola ovalia; flores purpurascentes:
legumina recta, utrinque longiuscule accuminata.
Hab: in septentrionalibus Canadae.”’

Pursh in his Flora (p. 473, 1814) gave practically the same de-
scription, only recasting Michaux’s words, and added the follow-
ing distribution; ‘In the north of Canada, Michaux. Labrador,
Colmaster.”’

As there was an older Astragalus secundus, DC., 1802 De Can-
dolle (Prodr. 2: 473. 1825), changed the name to Astragalus
labradoricus, copying Pursh’s description almost verbatim.

Torrey and Gray in their Flora (1: 331. 1838) copied De
Candolle’s description, adding in a note below: “ Legume about
34 of an inch long, clothed with blackish hairs, somewhat
stipitate, half 2-celled. Cells 3-4-seeded.’”’ As they did not
add anything to the distribution, it is evident that the species
had not been collected in the meantime. In fact the plant has
been lost for about one hundred years.

Amos Eaton included A. secundus in all the seven editions of
his manual from 1817-1836, paraphrasing Pursh’s description,
without giving any additional matter, so also Eaton and Wright
in their Botany of 1840.

Alfonso Wood omits it in both his Class Book and his Botanist
and Florist, and so did Gray in his Manual, probably because
they regarded it as extra-limital. It is also omitted in Britton’s
manual and in Britton and Brown’s Illustrated Flora.

In his monograph of Astragalus (Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 205.
1863), Dr. Gray made A. secundus Michx. and A. labradoricus
DC. synonyms of A. alpinus L. In this interpretation he was
followed by Watson (see Bibl. Ind. 190. 1878). This seems to
have settled the matter until lately.

Marcus E. Jones in his revision of Astragalus (p. 133, 1924)
has taken up the name A. labradoricus and has given as syno-
nyms A. secundus Michx., A. Blakei Eggleston, A. Robbinsvi v.
Jesupi Sheld., A. Macounii Rydberg. On the following page he
referred to it as varieties A. Robbinsii Oakes and A. Rebbinsii v.
occidentalis S. Wats. On page 135, he added the statement that
A. Macounii is a form intermediate between the latter and the
true A. labradoricus. He gives no reason for such a conclusion
and none of these forms fulfill the character given by Torrey and
Gray who stated that the pod is “‘half 2-celled.””, Mr. Jones was
in this case, as usually, very positive in his statement, even if he
was merely guessing.

Somebody may ask: How could Torrey and Gray add the
character given above, when the plant had not been collected
since Michaux’s and Kohlmeister’s (Colmaster’s) time? There
are in the Torrey Herbarium two pods with the following label:

“TA. alpinus!] Astragalus secundus Mx. Labradoricus DC.
Herb. Mx.”

In other words the pods are from the type in Michaux’s
herbarium in Paris. These pods are light-colored, with minute
scattered appressed black hairs, straight on the upper suture, and
tapering at each end more than in the typical A. alpinus. They
are not like the pods of either A. Blakei, A. Jesupi, A. Robbinsii,
or A. Macounii but belongs to the A. alpinus type. They can
be matched by several on the type sheets of Fernald’s A. alpinus
v. Brunetianus, (Fernald 24). (See description in Rhodora 10:
51, 1908, or in Gray’s New Manual, 516, 1908.) It may be
added that sometimes the upper suture is even slightly turned
upward. In the typical A. alpinus the two sutures are almost
equally convexly curved. In A. labradoricus or A. alpinus
Brunetianus, whichever name is preferred, the flowers are usually
lighter-colored and the petals comparatively narrower than in
the true A. alpinus.

Fernald states that it represents A. giganteus (Pall.) Sheldon.
Sheldon may have included some specimens belonging to A. /ab-
- radoricus in it, but it was based on A. alpinus v. giganteus Pallas
of Siberia, which is probably related to A. oroboides. The
Rocky Mountain specimens mentioned by Sheldon and also
referred to in the Gray’s New Manual do not belong to A.
labradoricus, which is confined to northern New England and

eastern Canada. We have records of specimens from Labrador,
eastern Quebec, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Maine, New
Hampshire, and Vermont.

NEw YorkK BOTANICAL GARDEN.

DEMONSTRATION OF PROTOPLASMIC MOTION.
ARTHUR P. KELLEY

Demonstration of protoplasmic motion is customary in classes
in biology and elementary physiology. Satisfactory material
however is not always to be found.

Living amoebae well show streaming motion of naked proto-
plasm but amoeba may not be available when desired. Hlodea
leaf-cells show evident rotation, large chloroplasts aiding the stu-
dent to trace the motion. But active motion is often found in the
middle of the leaf where underlying cell walls confuse the student
as to the true course of the motion. Or, we may use 7rianea
root-hairs for protoplasmic circulation, but 7rianea seems dif-
ficult to grow in city water. Staminal hairs of Tradescantia are
of course available only when the plant blooms.

In our elementary classes we have found a dependable and
satisfactory object for demonstration in the pollen tubes of
Vinca rosea L. V. rosea oculata is equally useful. The plant
grows readily from cuttings, requires no special conditions and
only ordinary care which may be given in a small greenhouse.
It is in bloom constantly; one is always sure of securing pollen.
This pollen is germinated in a hanging drop of 10% sugar solu-
tion. Usually within two hours tubes long enough for study are
formed; active streaming motion is readily seen within the thin
pollen tube wall.

RUTGERS UNIVERSITY.

NOTE ON FAGUS ANTIPOFII
T. D. A. COCKERELL

Having just acquired a copy of the work by H. Abich, Beitrage
zur Palaontologie des Asiatischen Russlands (1858), I have been

interested in looking up the history of Fagus antipofii, which is
first described and figured therein. The type came from the
Tertiary of the Kirghis Steppe, north of the Aral Sea. Both
Knowlton and Penhallow credit the species to Abich, but it is
clear from the remarks at the end of the introduction and the
credit given in the list of figures on the plates that the plant was
described and named by Heer, and it should be so credited.
In 1877, Heer figured a number of leaves from the Miocene of
Sachalin, ascribing the species to himself. The figures show a
plant apparently just like the original one, except fig. 7d on
plate 2. This last has an undulate margin, and is suggestive of
Fagus undulata Knowlton, which comes from the Fort Union of
Yellowstone Park, and is presumably the species which Les-
quereux had identified as F. antipofii.. This Fagus undulata
shows considerable resemblance to Quercus grénlandica figured by
Heer from the Miocene of Spitzbergen, and the living Chinese
Q. aliena Blume, but there is at present no proof that it is not a
Fagus. WKryshtofovich in 1921 published an account of speci-
mens ascribed to F. antipofit (writing it antipovit Heer) from the
Tertiary of Posiet, on the coast of Siberia just above the Korean
boundary. The figures show a narrower leaf, with the secon-
daries less crowded, and the margin distinctly undulate. Surely
this is not F. antipofu, but more likely a new species. Schenk
intimates that F. pristina of Saporta, from the south of France,
is identical with F. antipofit, but later authors have treated it as
distinct. In 1921 Kryshtofovich also recorded F. antipofii from
Chang-gi in Korea, but I suppose it was the same as the Posiet
plant. Heer recorded F. anipofit from the Kenai (Eocene) of
Alaska, finding it similar to the Sachalin and Kirghis plant. Sir
Wm. Dawson reported the species from the Oligocene of Quesnel
river, British Columbia, but the identification should be con-
firmed. It is also said to occur in the rocks of Greenland and
Japan.

As matters now stand, it appears probable that F. aniipofii
existed in America only in Alaska and perhaps Greenland. There
is no really reliable United States record, so far as I can learn.
It may be defined as a broad Fagus-like leaf with numerous
(13-16) pairs of secondary nervures, and entire margins. That
all leaves of this type belong to one species, or even to the genus
Fagus, cannot be certainly known. Who would ever imagine

100

that the leaves of the Japanese Acer carpinifclium Sieb. & Zucc.
which I saw growing in Kew Gardens, were those of a maple?
I could hardly believe my eyes, but there were the maple fruits.

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER, COL.

BOOK REVIEWS

A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL BOTANY FOR COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES*

This new textbook by Holman and Robbins is well planned and
clearly written. It gives the student a general survey of the
field and at the same time is not too comprehensive to serve as a
general text for the first year of college botany. The book is
divided into two parts. Part I deals with the higher plants,
starting with the single cell and then taking up the different
portions of the plant. Part I] commences with the lower forms
and works upward to the seed plants. It includes as well a
chapter on heredity and evolution. This plan would seem to be
the most logical way to attack the subject, since the higher plants
are perhaps the first to attract the attention of the elementary
student and at the same time they give an easy avenue of
approach to the more lowly organized forms.

Each chapter has an outline of the contents at the beginning
with reference to the pages where the subject is treated. This
makes an excellent outline for study, showing the main divisions
and the relation that the topics bear to one another. The book
is well and fully illustrated and the drawings carefully labeled.
Structure is discussed first, in order that the student may have a
clear idea of the function, which is not left for a separate chapter,
but the physiology of the organ is taken up immediately after
its morphology. While morphology is so well and clearly dealt
with physiology is not neglected, for there is a considerable
amount of space devoted to the latter. This is a decided step
in the right direction, since this side of the problem is very often
overlooked, or rather poorly treated in an elementary course in
botany. The authors have succeeded in giving us a well balanced

* Holman, Richard M. and Robbins, Wilfred W. A textbook of general
botany for colleges and universities. 590 pages. John Wiley & Sons. New
York. 1924. $4.00.

IOI

text combining so much physiology and morphology with other

branches of botanical science. The book has a great deal to

recommend its adoption in those colleges in which a text is used.
CL, CAREY.

THE NEw ENGLAND-ACADIAN SHORE LINE*

The book treats of the development of the shore line, its re-
lation to rock structure, and especially to the geological and
physiographic history of the region. Of local interest is the
tracing of similarities between the Hudson River-Newark Bay
region, the Connecticut Valley and the Bay of Funday in all of
which trap ridges, cut across diagonally by faults, form one part
of the shore line. Glacial action, except by deposition, has had
slight effect on the coast line, deep narrow bays frequently re-
ferred to as fjords being drowned river valleys. The only ex-
amples of true fjords are in the Mount Desert Island embayment
and the drowned gorge of the Hudson in the Highlands. The
general conclusion is drawn that the shore line is extremely
youthful, only a few thousand years at, or near, the present level.
In the softest rocks the wave erosion has cut only a thousand
feet or so, while the amount of beach and bar building, even
when using material furnished by the glaciers, is comparatively
slight. The coast north of New York is one of recent sub-
mergence, reaching at least twelve hundred feet in the northern
part, while to the south it is one of emergence. There was
probably a long-enduring costal plain from New Jersey and
southward to beyond Newfoundland at least to the close of the
Tertiary period. This physiographic history seems to offer a
reasonable explanation of the facts described by Hollick and
Fernald of the occurrence of Pine Barren plants along the coast
as far north as Newfoundland.

Of chief interest botanically are the chapters on costal marshes
and swamps. Three types of marshes are distinguished along
the Atlantic Coast, differing in the composition of the sub-soil,
peat or silt in various mixtures. While these different types are
somewhat unlike in appearance they have had similar histories.

* Douglas Johnson, The New England-Acadian Shore Line, pages xx,
608, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1925. Price $8.50.

102

The subsidence has been so gradual that the marsh grasses have
grown uninterruptedly, till in places the roots and dead stalks
can be followed from the growing grasses above high tide level
to a depth far below the lowest ranges of the tide. The history
of the marshes is discussed, their encroachment on fresh water
swamps, their change due to bars forming between them and the
sea, their burial under dunes, their destruction by changing
currents and their reclamation by man. In addition to the
definite evidence of slow post-glacial subsidence thére is in
places fictitious evidence of very recent subsidence, as in the case
of drowned forests. It is shown that in many of these cases the
forests developed at the edges of swamps and were destroyed by
the natural or artificial opening of bars allowing the sea to enter
and causing the formation of marshes. When marshes are drained
or covered by drifting sand the peat level becomes considerably
lower by drying and compression. Very interesting accounts
are given of individual marshes along the Loig Island and New
England coast and especially of those of the Fundian region. In
this latter there is found in one place a forest of stumps, with
blackened rootstocks of ferns between, exposed on the side of the
bay where it is covered at high tide by thirty feet of water. Ap-
parently these stumps extend under the surface of the neigh-
boring marsh. Though thousands of years old, the forest was
composed of the same species that cover the near-by ridges to-
day:—spruce, hemlock, birch, alder, ash, elm and other trees.

The book is interestingly written, well illustrated with maps,
diagrams and photographs, printed on good paper and well
bound in cloth. With each chapter there are extended re-
ferences to the literature on the subject. While the chief in-
terest will be for physiographers, there is much which the botan-
ist will find of value. :

GEORGE T. HASTINGS.

A List OF THE PLANTS OF EL SALVADOR.*

The flora of El Salvador, the smallest of American republics,
has until recently been as little known as that of any Central

* Paul C. Standley and Salvador Calderén, Lista Preliminar de las Plantas
de El Salvador. 8°, pp. 174, n. d. (published 14 Feb. 1925). Tipografia La
Unién, San Salvador, El Salvador.

103

American country. Specimens in herbaria from El Salvador
were very few, and the only list of the plants was the very im-
perfect ‘Flora Salvadorefia’”’ of Dr. J. Samuel Ortiz. The col-
lections made in El Salvador in 1921-2 by Mr. Paul C. Standley
of the U. S. National Museum, together with extensive collec-
tions made then and subsequently by Dr. Salvador Calderén,
co-author of the work under consideration, and other local
botanists, have made possible the preparation of this Preliminary
List of the Plants of El Salvador, which is the first approximately
complete flora of any Central American country to be published.
The introduction gives an account of collections made in El
Salvador, of vernacular names (in which the Nahuatl element is
especially noteworthy), of the affinities of the Salvador flora, and
of persons who assisted in the coliection of material for the work.
The list proper, containing some 2070 species, is arranged in
systematic order by families, the genera and species being listed
alphabetically. Under each species are given the vernacular
names (1500 of these are recorded altogether), the localities
where collected, notes on economic uses, these sometimes of
considerable length, and often (always in the case of trees or
shrubs) a brief note of the color of the flowers or the habit. The
bulk of the list consists of flowering plants and ferns, but the
fungi, lichens, hepatics, and mosses so far known are included,
although this part of the work is necessarily very incomplete.
Cultivated plants are included, and distinguished by an asterisk.
The proof reading of the list has been carefully done, and its
appearance is a credit alike to the authors and to the printers.

The identifications have been made principally by Mr. Stand-
ley, with the assistance of specialists in various families. A
considerable number of species discovered by the authors or
their correspondents are indicated as new, without characteriza-
tion. A few of these are nomina nuda, but nearly all those to
which the name of Mr. Standley is attached were described by
him in a series of papers in the Journal of the Washington
Academy of Sciences in 1923 and 1924. The new combinations
published in this work appear to be the following (all by Mr.
Standley) :

Ananas magdalenae (André) (p. 45), Athyrocarpus rufipes
(Seub.) (p. 47), Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) (p. 48), Sabadilla
officinalis (S. & C.) (p. 49), Taetsia fruticosa var. ferrea (Baker)

104

(p: 50), 7. stricta (Endl.), Struthanthus cerstedii (Oliver) (p. 72),
Sapranthus nicaraguensis (Seem.) (p. 84), Zornia diphylla var.
sericea (Moric.) (p. 119), Hybanthus brevis (Dowell) (p. 152),
H. riparius (H.B.K.), Parsonsia balsamona (C. & S.) (p. 159),
Ardisia paschalis (Donn. Sm.) (p. 168), Nymphoides humboldti-
anum (H. B. K.) (p. 172), Vincetoxicum salvinit (Hemsl.) (p.
178), Godmania aesculifolia (H. B. K.) (p. 200), Coleosanthus
paniculatus (Mill.) (p. 219).
S: BSBiAKEe

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB.
MEETING OF MARCH 28, 1925

This meeting was held at the Museum Building of the New
York Botanical Garden. Dr. R. A. Harper was appointed tem-
porary chairman.

Miss Catharine Dutcher, Apt. 53, 417 W. 118th St., New
York, N. Y., was elected to membership in the Club.

The following resignations were accepted by vote of the Club:
Mr. G. E. Orphal, 570 Smith Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., Miss E. F.
Andrews, 419 East First St., Rome, Georgia.

The Secretary reported that the name of Professor A. D.
Selby, a member of the Club of long standing, was unfortunately
omitted in the necrology for 1924. Professor Selby was at one
time president of the American Phytopathological Society and
for nearly 30 years botanist of the Ohio Experiment Station.
He died May 7, 1924. .

By vote of the Club the treasurer was authorized to reimburse
Dr. G. H. Shull for his traveling expenses incurred incident to
his lecture March 10, 1925.

Dr. Harper, speaking of the loss by resignation during the
past year of two members who served terms as officers of the
Club for considerable periods, suggested tentatively the ad-
visability of amending the constitution to the effect that those
holding responsible office 3, 4, or 5 years (the length of tenure
to be decided) should automatically, in case they move out of ©
town become life members and become exempt from dues.

The scientific part of the program consisted of a talk by Dr.
Susan P. Nichols, of Oberlin College, entitled ‘‘Some reactions

105

to wounds in plant cells.” Dr. Nichols found that the coarser
algae lend themselves admirably to this investigation, the plants
being mounted in water and punctured freehand with a steel
needle. In Chaetomorpha melagonium f. typica, after the punc-
ture of a cell, a clear liquid comes out and passes into the water.
Within a second or two starch grains, etc. begin to accumulate
at the opening, forming a plug, which turns dark in a few minutes
and apparently hardens, closing the opening. In two minutes
all movements from the cell into the water has usually ceased.
By plasmolyzing, it can be demonstrated that in about 45
minutes a new membrane has started to form underneath the
base of the plug. In 1% hours the membrane is completely
formed and a new cell wall is gradually deposited. The plug
gradually becomes transparent and in a month has disappeared.

In Nitella the circulation of the protoplasm with its plastids,
makes the results easy to follow. A certain number of plastids,
loosened by the needle, rush out into the water, but the other
cell contents do not diffuse asin Chaetomorpha. The membrane
is formed apparently as in Chaetomorpha. Rotation of the
protoplasm, which may cease immediately at the time of punc-
turing, it resumed simultaneously very soon after, throughout
the internode, with the exception of an area near the wound.
The renewed movement increases until the normal rate—1.5—z
seconds per 80 y—is reached. A mass collects about the wound,
which interferes with the movement here, but otherwise the
movement is normal 24 hours after wounding. On repuncturing
in the same cell after a short interval, I-2 minutes, the same
process is repeated, but the time necessary for the normal move-
ment to be regained is longer. When punctures are frequent
but after a longer interval, 10-15 minutes, recovery is more and
more rapid, possibly because the available plastids are fewer and
so do not hold the wounds open. One internode was punctured
87 times and its final death may not have been from this cause.
A new cell wall is formed just as in Chaetomorpha.

Other subjects employed in the experiments were Vaucheria;
Spirogyra, which, although used successfully, was difficult to
puncture; Chara, the cortical cells of which never healed, although
the internodal cells did; Elodea, the leaf cells of which, although
forming a plug, invariably died after 24 hours; Bryum, in which
not even a plug is formed; and cells of fern prothallia and An-

106

thoceros, which did not heal.—In the subsequent discussion it
was suggested that the process seemed similar to the clotting of
blood. As a result of the coagulation, toxic products may be
formed which interfere with the life processes. The fact that
recovery is more rapid after repeated woundings may be due to
the formation of anti-bodies in the cell which neutralize the
effect of these toxins.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

MEETING OF APRIL 14, 1925

The meeting of this date was held at the American Museum of
Natural History.

Three candidates for membership were elected to the Club:

Miss Laura Alma Kolk, Brooklyn Botanic Garden; Miss Lilian
H. Mandell, 3515 97th Street, Corona, Long Island; Miss Mollie
Sobel, 754 Vermont Street, Brooklyn.
_ The scientific part of the program consisted of an illustrated
lecture by Professor M. L. Fernald of Harvard University, en-
titled “The Floras of the Unglaciated Regions of Eastern
Canada and Newfoundland.”

Dr. Fernald gave a resumé of a paper which is now in the
course of publication, showing by means of lantern slides maps
the distribution of many of the plants of the Gaspé Peninsula,
the Magdalen Islands and the Long Range of Western Newfound-
land. The peculiarity of the flora of these regions is that to a
large extent it is identical with, or closely related to the floras
of western North America rather than eastern America and the
Arctic regions. These areas, centering about the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, have a large endemic element in their flora which is
likewise more closely related to plants of the Rocky Mts. or of
the Pacific slope than to other regions. The areas of Gaspé and
the Magdalen Islands, where such plants occur, have been well
demonstrated by geological explorations to have escaped the
Pleistocene glaciation; and the botanical evidence as well as the
topography of the Long Range indicates a similar history for
that region, although the geological exploration there has been
limited. A review of Pleistocene history in America and in
Europe was given, and it was shown that many of the plants

107

which are common to the Pacific slope of North America and to
the Gaspé Peninsula or western Newfoundland are otherwise
known only in the Arctic Archipelago which was north of the
continental glaciers of America. Similarly, about 70 species,
common to unglaciated arctic America” and the unglaciated
mountains of Gaspé and the mountains of the western United
States or adjacent Canada, are known in Europe only in arctic
Russia and Nova Zembla or sometimes in limited areas on the
Kola Peninsula. ‘These regions lay to the northeast of the great
continental ice sheets which in Europe radiated in Pleistocene
time from the Scandinavian mountains, and the speaker pointed
out that the flora which is made up of these species which out-
lived Pleistocene glaciation on isolated unglaciated spots may be
considered the ancient arctic flora, since it has shown little, if
any, inclination since the waning of the Pleistocene glaciers to
take possession of the adjacent regions which were covered by
continental ice. A younger artic flora which, during the latest
advances of the Glacial Period, reached southern Europe and the
mountains of New England and New York, now occupies both
unglaciated and glaciated regions to the northward and shows no
such conservatism as the species which characterize the moun-
tains of Gaspé and western Newfoundland. A detailed analysis
of the situation will soon be published.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

NEWS NOTES

Mr. Ellsworth Bethel, who has been Curator of the Depart-
ment of Natural History for the Colorado State Museum, died
suddenly on Sept. 8, He was well known for his work in forestry
and at the time of his death was Pathologist for the United
States Bureau of Plant Industry. He did a great deal to interest
the people of Colorado in Natural History.

Mr. Rafael Toro, after two months of research in the New
York Botanical Gardens, has returned to Porto Rico as assistant
plant pathologist in the Agricultural Experiment Station at Rio
Piedras. Dr. Mel T. Cook will be associated with Mr. Toro in
this work. '

108

Prov. J. M. Coulter, for many years head of the Department of
Botany .at the University of Chicago, has moved to Yonkers
where he is now Scientific Advisor of the Vance Thompson In-
stitute for Plant Research. Prof. Coulter has recently become a
member of the Torrey Club.

A dinner was recently given by Dr. N. L. Britton of the New
York Botanical Gardens in honor of Dr. F. Bower of Glasgow
who is spending a few months lecturing in the United States.
A large number of botanists representing the different Botanical
Institutions and the local colleges were in attendance.

A recent notice in the daily papers describes a plan made by the
Pan-Pacific Biology Commission to make the Island of Ohau of
the Hawaiian group a Pan-Pacific Botanical Garden. It is
planned to grow on the Island every kind of tropical fruit and
other plants of economic importance, while on the mountain
slopes will be grown economic plants from other parts of the
world. Many plants from other parts of the tropics are already
being grown on the research grounds of the Pan-Pacific institute
of Ohau and seed and cuttings are being constantly received.

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of TorrEYA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the
editor when returning proof,

Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing hie Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following
rates;

4pp.| 8pp.|12pp.] 16pp-| 20pp.| 24pp.| 28pp. 32pp. 48pp.| | 64pp_

25 Ropiesiet- 40182.45)83.65/8 4.40|$ 5:65 $6.501$ 8.00|$ 8.45|$12. 55|$15.90

DOr, i -65] 2.90) 4.25] 5.10 5| 7-75} 9-40! 9.85] 14.15] 17-35
ha 1198 3-35] 4.85] 5.65] 7-60} 8.75) 10.45] 11.25) 15.65} 19.95
100 | 2.25] 3.80] 5.35) 6.35] 8.25} 9.80] 11.55] 12.45] 17.55] 22.05
150 2.70] 4.60] 6.50| 7.60] 10.20] 12.10] 14.20] 15.20] 21.35| 26.80
200 =" 3.00] 5.05] 7.15] 8.35] 11.40] 13.50] 15.80] 16.85] 23.55| 29.60

3.85] 6.20] 9.20} 10.70] 14.85] 17.55] 20.50] 21.05] 30.20) 37.40

Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 144c. each. Plates: roo for $1.00

Committees for 1925.

_ Finance Committee Field Committee
R. A: Harprr, Chairman. A. L. GUNDERSEN, Chairman.
. H. BARNHART Miss JEAN BROADHURST
1ss C, C. HAYNES H. M. DENSLow
SERENO STETSON G. C. FISHER

Miss FE. M. Kuprer
MICHAEL LEVINE
Miss Daisy LEvy
RaymMonp H. Torrey
PERCY WILSON

Budget Committee Membership Committee
J. H. BARNHART, Chairman. J. K. SMALL, Chairman.
R, A. HARPER T. E. Hazen
N. L. Britton NorRMAN TAYLOR
H. M. DENsLow
re See Local Flora Committee
» 4A. LLOWE N. L. Britton, Chat ‘
H. H. Russy é aii
Phanerogams: Cryptogams:

N. L. Britton Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
H. M. DENsSLow A. W. EvANs

Program Committee W.C. FEercuson’ T.E. Hazen
A. H. GRAVES, Chairman, LupLow Griscom M.A. Howe
Mrs. E. G. Britton BAYARD LONG MICHAEL LEVINE
T. E. Hazen K. K. MACKENZIE W.A. MuRRILL

_ M. A. Howe G.E.Nicnots — F.J. SEAVER

NORMAN TAYLOR

Chairmen of Special Committees on Local Flora
Ferns and Fern Allies: R.C. Benedict — Lichens:

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M

Liverworts: A. W. Evans Richards

Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-

Marine Algae: M. A. Howe berineae: F. J. Seaver

Gasteromycetes: G.C. Fisher . Erysiphaceae: G. M. Reed

Russula and Lactarius: Miss G. Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B. Stout
S. Burlingham Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.

Cortinarius: R. A. Harper Cook

Polyporeae: M. Levine Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee

Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson Myxomycetes:

Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

urst
Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A monthly journa} devoted to general botany, ol afiahed
1870. Vol. 49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum.
For Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soho Square,
London, are agents for England. |

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memorrs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes 1-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance; ©
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial |
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will -
be furnished on application.

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-
dophyta reported as growing within one Hee miles of —
New York, 1888. Price, $1.00. |

Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to
RALPH C. BENEDICT

Brooklyn. Botanic Garden, /
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vol. 25 November-December, 1925 No. 6

~ TORREYA

A Bi-MontHLty JOURNAL oF BOTANICAL Notes AND NEws
EDITED FOR
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

GEORGE T. HASTINGS

John Torrey, 1796-1873

AN Sach CONTENTS

, Ferns and Bloweritip: Plants of the Hempstead Plains, WILLIAM C. FERGUSON 109
; A Banyan-like Coppice of Sour Gum, Jon W. HARSHBERGER.............. 114
E A New Salvinia from the Eocene, Epwarp W. BERRY........-...-....-2.. 116
: A Tree’s Diamond Jubilee, GrorGr T. HASTINGS. ...........00 00000 eee. 119¥

we %
» Book Reviews:

Lister’s Monograph of Mycetozoa, Frep J. SEAVER..............6..-. 121
| Engler’s Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, JOHN W. HARSHBERGER........ 122 »
Bemeceedinns ibe the Chibs) suet Core er ey Te Oe a 122
Mey ORC OS Wie Gy a ks ot pt OS 128

MRR POM MTUTEO (ZOE CA oA LE enh AN OO SU EI EL 130

PUBLISHED FOR THE CLUB
At 8 West KinG STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
BY THE INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY

Ientered at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

OFFICERS FOR 1925

President
H. M. RICHARDS, Sc.D.

Vice-Presidents
JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, A.M., M.D.
C. STUART GAGER, P#.D., Sc.D.
i Secretary
ARTHUR H. GRAVES, Pu.D.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

Treasurer
RALPH C. BENEDICT, Pu.D.
BrookLyn BoTANic GARDEN
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Editor
TRACY ELLIOT HAZEN, Pu.D.

Associate Editors
A. F. BLAKESLEE, Pu.D. GEORGE T. HASTINGS, A.M
CORNELIA L. CAREY, Pa.D. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Pu.D., Sc.D
ALEX. 'W. EVANS, M.D., PH.D. M. LEVINE, Pa.D.

H. A. GLEASON, Px.D- ARLOW B. STOUT, Pua D.
ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Pu.D.
Bibliographer

MRS. HELEN S..HILL

Delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences
MARSHALL A. HOWE, Ph. D., Sc. D.

MEMBERSH!P

All persons interested in botany are invited to ‘join the Club. There
are two classes of membership: Sustaining, at $15.00 a year, and Annual, at
$5.00 a year. The privileges of members are: (a) To attend all meetings of
the Club and to take part in its business, and (b) to receive all its publications.

TORREYA IS THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE
WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

TorreEva is furnished to subscribers in the United States and Canada for
one dollar per annum; single copies, thirty cents. To subscribers elsewhere,
twenty-five cents extra, or the equivalent thereof. Postai or express money
orders and drafts or personal checks on New York City banks are accepted in
payment, but the rules of the New York Clearing House compel the request
that ten cents be added to the amount of any other local checks that may be
sent. Subscriptions are received oniy for full volumes, beginning with the —
January issue. Reprints will be furnished at cost prices. Subscriptions and
remittances should be sent to TREASURER, TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, 8 West
King St., Lancaster, Pa., or Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Matter for publication, and books and papers for review, should be addressed

to
GEORGE T. HASTINGS

2587 Sedgwick Ave.
New York City.

TORREYA

Vol. 25 No. 6

November-December, 1925

FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE
HEMPSTEAD, PLAINS, LONG ISLAND,
NEW YORK

WILLIAM C. FERGUSON

The Hempstead Plains will soon be a memory. Suburban
building, farming, and golf links are fast encroaching on this
prairie. The writer is familiar with two publications relating to
the Hempstead Plains* and although the following list is in
large part a repetition of plants recorded in the publications
referred to, it includes some others. The list is confined entirely
to plants collected or observed by the writer during the past
five years. All introduced plants, those growing on abandoned
fields, or by the roadsides, have been excluded, so that only
plants native to the Plains are recorded.

This list is incomplete, for the writer rarely goes out on the
Plains without finding at least one plant not seen by him before.
The names used agree with Britton & Brown’s Jilustrated Flora,
with the exception of the genus Knezffia, which is treated ac-
cording to Pennell, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 363-373. Oct., 1919,
and Gramineae, according to Hitchcock & Chase. Except in
Kneiffia and in the Gramineae, therefore, the authorities for the
names are omitted.

The Hempstead Plains are mostly open, dry prairie, but there
are two swampy areas, Meadowbrook stream and swamp, south
of Westbury; and a stream and swamp northeast of the village
of Hempstead, and some acres of woods, mostly Pinus rigida,
south of Hicksville and near the southern edge of the Plains,
locally known as the Isle of Pines.

Those plants marked P were found on the open plains.

Those plants marked I were found in the Isle of Pines.

* Hicks, Henry. Flora of the Hempstead Plains, Long Island. Thesis.
Cornell Univ. 1892.

Harper, R. M. Vegetation of the Hempstead Plains. Memoirs Torrey
Club 17: 262-286. June 1918.

109

110

Those plants marked M were found in the Meadowbrook

Swamp. .

Those plants marked H were found in the swamp at Hemp-

stead.

It will be observed that many plants are common to more

than one locality.

Polypodiaceae
Dryopteris thelypteris—M
Onoclea sensibilis—M

Osmundaceae

Osmunda cinnamomea—M
O. regalis—M

Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodium adpressum—M

Pinaceae

Pinus rigida—\I P

Sparganiaceae

Sparganium androcladum—M

Alismaceae
Sagitiarza latufolia—M

Gramineae

Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P.—I P

A. perennans (Walt.) Tuckman.—M

Andropogon furcatus Muhl.—I P

A. scoparius Michx.—I P

A. virginicus L.—M P

Aristida dichotoma Michx.—I P

A. purpurascens Poir.—P

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.—P

Syntherisma filiforme (L.) Nash—P

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud.
—PI

Festuca octoflora Walt.—M

Panicularia acutiflora (Torr.) Kuntze
—H

P. canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze—M

Panicum albemarlense Ashe—I P

. capillare L.—I

. columbianum Scribn.—I P

. columbianum thinium H. & C.—P

. mplicatum Scribn.—P M

Se) ei as) le)

. lindheimert Nash—I P M H

. Longifolium Torr.—M H

. lucidum Ashe—M

. microcarpon Muhl.—M

. Sphaerocarpon Ell.—I

. virgatum L.—I

. virgatum cubense Griseb.—I P M H
Paspalum muhlenbergit Nash—P
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash—P I

a] eh el Mag) Mg} Nag) he

Cyperaceae

Stenophyllus capillaris M
Scleria pauciflora—P
Scirpus cyperinus—M H
S. debilis—M H

S. americanus—M H
Rynchospora alba—M

R. capitellata—M H
Eriophorum tenellum—M.
E. virginicum—M
Fimbristylis puberula—H
Eleocharis palustris—M
E. olivacea—M

E. capitata—M

E. tuberculosa—M
Cyperus fiiculmis—M P I
C. strigosus—I

Carex annectens—P

C. albolutescens—I M

C. canescens—M

C. folliculata—M

. lanuginosa—H

. lupulina—H
lurida—M

. pennsylvanica—M P I
. scoparia—M H

. vulpinoidea—H

. emmonsti—M.

ANSTO AS

Eriocaulaceae

Eriocaulon septangulare—M

Xyridaceae

X yris flecuosa—M

Juncaceae
Juncus acuminatus—M H
. canadensis—M TH
. dichotomus—M H P
. effusus—M H
. greenei—I P
. marginatus—M
. pelocarpus—M
. scir poides—H
J. tenuis—H M I P
Juncoides campestre—M

SSeS SS SS

Liliaceae
Aletris farinosa—P I
Convallariaceae

Polygonatum biflorum—I
Vagnera racemosa—l

Smilaceae
Smilax rotundifolia—I

Amaryllidaceae
Hypoxis hirsuta—I P

Iridaceae

Sisyrinchium arenicola—l P

S. atlanticum—M

Orchidaceae

Limodorum tuberosum—M
Fissipes acaulis—|

Blephariglottis ciliaris—P | M

B. lacera—M
Pogonia ophioglossoides—M
Ibidium cernuum—M
I. gracile—P

Salicaceae
Populus grandidentata—P |
P. tremuloides—P I
Salix discolor—I
S. humilis—I P
S. tristis—I P

Myricaceae
Comptonia peregrina—l

Myrica carolinensis—M

Betulaceae

Betula populifolia—\ P

Corylus americana—l P
Fagaceae

Quercus ticifolia—\ P

Q. marylandica—P

Q. prinoides—P |

Q. stellata—P |

Q. velutina—P |
Santalaceae

Commandra umbellata—I

Polygonaceae

Polygonella articulata—P

Persicaria hydropiperoides—M

Tracaulon sagittatum—M

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca americana—l|

Nymphaeaceae
Brasenia schreberi—M
Castalia odorata—M
Ranunculaceae
Anemone quinquefolia—M
Cruciferae
Radicula palustris—H

Droseraceae

Drosera rotundifolia—M
D. intermedia—M

Saxifragaceae

Chrysosplenium americanum—M

Malaceae

Amelanchier intermedia—M
Aronia atropurpurea—M
A. melanocarpa—P
Crataegus crus-galli—l

Amygdalaceae

Padus virginiana—P M
Prunus cuneata—l|
P. maritima—M

Rosaceae

Fragaria virginiana—M
Potentilla monspeliensis—P I
P. pumila—P I M
Rosa palustris—M

R. virginiana—M P
Rubus frondosus—1 .

R. nigricans—P

R. procumbens—P

R. hispidus—M
Spiraea latifolia—M H
S. tomentosa—M H

Fabaceae

Baptisia tinctoria—P I
Lespedeza angustifolia—P

L. velutina—P

L. velutina % angustifolia—P
L. hirta—P

L. virginica—|

Cracca virginiana—I P

Linaceae

Cathartolinum intercusum—l\ P
C. striatum—M H

Geraniaceae

Geranium maculatum—M P

Polygalaceae

Polygala cruciata—M
P. nuttallu—I P
P. polygama—P
P. viridescens—P | M

Euphorbiaceae

Tithymalopsis 1pecacuanhae P

Anacardiaceae

Rhus copallina—P 1
Toxicodendron Vernix—M
T. radicans—P

Ilicaceae
Ilex verticillata—M

Aceraceae

Acer rubrum—M

Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus americanus—I

Hypericaceae
Hypericum adpressum—M H
H. canadense—M H
A. mutilum—M
Triadenum virginicum—M
Sarothra gentianoides—P I

Cistaceae

Crocanthemum majus—P 1
C. propinquum—P |

C. canadense— P I

C. dumosum—P I

Lechea maritima—P

L. minor—P I

L. villosa—P 1

Violaceae
Viola bittoniana—P M
V. cucullata—M
V. cucullata * brittontiana—M
V. fimbriatula X brittoniana—M
V. fumbriatula—P 1 M
V. lanceolata—M P
V. pallens—M
V. pedata—M P I
V. primulifolia—M P I
V. emarginata—I1

Cactaceae
Opuntia Opuntia—P.

Melastomaceae

Rhexia virginica—M H

Onagraceae

Chamaenerion angustifolium—M P I

Ludwigia alternifoli1a—M H
Oenothera biennis—I P

Kneiffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann—P M

K. velutina Pennell—P
K. perennis (L.) Pennell—P

Ericaceae
Uva-ursi uva-urst P
Neopieris mariana—P M
Xolisma ligustrina—M

Vacciniaceae
Gaylussacia baccata—P |
Vaccinium corymbosum—M H
V. angustifolium—|
V. vacillans—I P
Oxycoccus macrocarpus—M

Primulaceae
Lysimachia quadrifolia—t
L. terrestris—M
Gentianaceae
Bartonia virginica—P I
Dasystephana saponaria—M H
Asclepiadaceae
Acerates viridiflora—P
Asclepias amplexicaulis—P
. pulchra—M
. syriaca—P
. tuberosa—P
. verticillata—P

pS ASS PS

Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus sepium—P

Verbenaceae
Verbena hastata—-M

Labiatae

Lycopus americanus—M H
L. uniflorus—M
Stachys hyssopifolia—M P
Trichostema dichotomum—L

Scrophulariaceae
Aureolaria pedicularia—lI
Agalinis purpurea—M P H
A. acuta—P I
Gratiola aurea—M H
Linaria canadensis—P
Pedicularis canadensis—P

Rubiaceae

Diodia teres—P
Galium claytoni—M
Houstonia longifolia—P I

Caprifoliaceae

Sambucus canadensis—M H
Viburnum dentatum—M H

113

Lobeliaceae
Lobelia nuttallua—M H
L. spicata—P

Cichoriaceae
INiervacium gronovu—P |
Krigia virginica—P
Nabalus serpentarius—I

Compositae

Helianthus angustifolius—M
Sericocarpus linifolius—P |
Solidago altissima—M

S. juncea—M |

S. nemoralis—P I

S. odora—lI

S. puberula—I P

S. rugosa—I M

Euthamia graminifolia—M
E. tenuifolia—M. P I
Vernonia noveboracensis—M
Anaphalis margaritacea—P I
Antennaria fallax—P

A. neglecta—P

A. neodioica—P

A. plantaginifolia—P

Aster dumosus—P M I

. novi-belgii—_M.

. novi-belgiz elodes—M

. paniculatus—P H

. patens—P

. puniceus lucidulus—M

. vimineus—H |

Tonactis linaritfolius—P |
Bidens comosa—H

B. connata—M H

B. frondosa—M H
Chrysopsis falcata—P

C. martana—P I

Cirsium odoratum—P
Erechtites hieracifolia—l
Erigeron ramosus—P
Eupatorium hyssopifolium—P
E. perfoliatum—M I

E. maculatum—M H

E. rotundifolium—P

E. torreyanum—P
Gnaphalium obtustfolium—P I

PS SS PS OS

114

A BANYAN-LIKE COPPICE OF SOUR GUM
(Nyssa sylvatica)

Joun W. HARSHBERGER

European botanists have given considerable attention to the
growth forms of trees and an abundant literature has been the
result of this line of study. American botanists have not treated
this field of botanical inquiry with much consideration. The
following note is put on record, as a contribution to this subject.

It is well known that the ailanthus (Azlanthus glandulosus),
white poplar (Populus alba) of the introduced foreign trees and
sassafras (Sassafras variifolium), as a native tree, produce abun-
dant offspring in the form of suckers from the roots until the
parent tree is surrounded by a thicket of young trees. Our
native sour gum (Nyssa sylvatica) should be added to the list.
On September 18, 1925, the accompanying photographs were
taken of a sour gum coppice with the parent tree centrally
placed, about which were grouped smaller trees that arose from
its roots.* The central and taller tree was 3 feet 9 inches in
circumference. There were 187 younger trees about the parent
one with diameters ranging from one to three inches and extend-
ing in all directions. The coppice measured in a northeastern-
southwestern direction 100 feet 6 inches, or 44 feet 8 inches
from the parent tree to the northeastern side and 55 feet 10
inches from the central tree to the southwestern side of the
coppice. Presumably the extent of the sour gum thicket was
determined by the distance to which the roots of the larger tree
spread. This interesting banyan-like coppice is found on a farm
above Neshaminy Creek near Edison, Bucks County, Pennsyl-
vania.

*A friend insists that these younger trees arose as seedlings from fruit
dropped by the larger tree.

CoPpPICcE OF SouR Gum TREES.

‘
f

VIEW INSIDE THE COPPICE, PARENT TREE NEAR THE CENTER.

116

A NEW SALVINIA FROM THE EOCENE
EDWARD W. BERRY

The nominal fossil species of Salvinia number about a dozen,
but they are always sufficiently rare to be of unusual interest.
Several that have been described are poorly characterized or of
doubtful botanical affinity so that the form which is the subject
of the present note is well worthy of being called to the attention
of botanists.

The most ancient known, as well as one of the best character-
ized, forms of Salvinia is Salvinia Zeilleri described very thor-
oughly by Fritel! and coming from the Sparnacian stage (lower
Eocene) of the Paris basin. Next in point of age is the new
species which is the subject of the present note.

This is represented by considerable material from the so-
called Bridger formation of the Wind River basin in Wyoming
collected by N. H. Brown; and by less extensive but more com-
plete material from two localities in the Wilcox Eocene of western
Tennessee collected by R. E. L. Collins. It may be incom-
pletely characterized as follows:

Salvinia preauriculata Berry,n.sp. Figs. 1-4

Dorsal or floating leaves relatively thick, elliptical in outline,
with a rounded apex and a rounded or slightly cordate base;
varying in size, the maximum dimensions observed being 16
millimeters in length and Io millimeters in width. The midvein
is well defined. The laterals are thin, nearly straight, diverging
at regular intervals, very ascending in the tip of the leaf, the
angle of divergence increasing regularly proximad, the basal
laterals being sometimes even slightly descending; they are con-
nected by numerous thin and for the most part poorly seen
oblique veinlets. The tubercles or pits lie in rows between the
laterals and are usually well marked but somewhat irregularly
developed. No ventral (submerged) leaves or sporocarps have
been observed in the Wyoming material although spherical bodies
about 2 millimeters in diameter are in close association with the
leaves and these might possibly represent sporocarps. The
specimen shown in fig. 4 from the Wilcox at Mandy, Tennessee,

1¥Fritel, P. H., Jour. Bot. @) 1: 190. 10908.

is unique in showing a complete, and what appears to be a fruiting
plant. Four floating leaves, three of which are nearly perfect
are clearly made out, as well as 14 thread-like divisions of the
submerged leaves with their appendages. Several of these dis-
sected submerged leaves appear to be complete and are 2.5 centi-
meters in length. Immediately beneath the lowermost and in-
complete floating leaf are two small sub-spherical bodies about
1.25 millimeters in diameter, and these appear to be in organic
union with the submerged leaves at their base and to represent
sporocarps. These are brownish carbonaceous and of con-
siderable consistency so that when the plant was buried and
flattened in the mud the floating leaf was pressed over them, and
when the clay was split the leaf film over them flaked off. Im-
mediately beside these objects, which are interpreted as sporo-
carps, is a similar impression in the clay without any carbonaceous
residue which might represent a third sporocarp.

There can not be the slighest doubt regarding the botanical
affinity of this species, and although it is not possible to verify
the interpretation of the sporocarps, they appear very con-
vincing. In the Wind River basin this species is found on the
same slabs with the fruits of Sparganium and other representa-
tives of a lake side or slack stream vegetation. In Tennessee it
is associated with a large and varied costal and lagoon border
flora.

Occurrence: Bridger (?) Tipperary, Fremont County, Wyo-
ming; Clover Creek, Hardeman County and Mandy, Madison
County, Tennessee.

Salvinia preauriculata is so named because of its great similarity
to the existing Salvinia auwiculata Aublet, which ranges from
Cuba and Central America to Paraguay. Among the described
fossil species it is closest to Salvinia Zeilleri Fritel. The Wilcox
beds in which it is found are correlated with Ypresian stage of
the Eocene. The Wyoming occurrence, less certainly correlated ,
is somewhat younger and may belong in the Lutetian stage of
the middle Eocene. If this is correct it would tend to indicate
that this species had spread northward to Wyoming from
Equatorial America during Eocene time.

The still existing species of Salvinia also number a dozen or
more and they occur chiefly in the equatorial regions of both
hemispheres, and are especially abundant in South America.

118

One species Salvinia narans Hoffm., ranges from southern France
to India and northern China, and has been reported from several
localities in the United States.

Continuing the enumeration of the fossil species it may be
noted that there is a rather well marked species in the Puget
group (upper Eocene or Oligocene) of Washington state; Miocene
species in Colombia, South America; and in Virginia in this
country. All of the remaining records are Old World, and
include Oligocene species in France, Saxony, and Bohemia; and

SALVINIA PREAURICULATA Berry, n. sp.

Fics. 1-3. Dorsal leaves from Tipperary, Wyoming.
Fic. 4. Nearly complete plant from Mandy, Tennessee.

Miocene occurrences in Germany, Bohemia, Switzerland,
Transylvania, Tonkin, China, and Japan. These have been re-
viewed recently in an important paper by Florin.* Some of
these species are said to show the dissected ventral leaves and
sporocarps, and Brabenec, in a paper which I have not seen,f
has described both micro- and mega-spores in Salvinia formosa
Heer from the Miocene of the Saaz basin in Bohemia, but it is
impossible to pass a critical judgment on a statement of this
sort without seeing the specimens upon which it was based.
BALTIMORE, Mbp.

*Florin, R., Geol. Inst. Upsala Bull. 16: 243-260. 1919.
{ Brabenec, F., Rozpr. Ceske Akad. (2) 13. 1914.

119

A TREE’S DIAMOND JUBILEE
GEORGE T. HastTiIncs

This fall exercises were held in San Diego, California, commem-
orating the seventy-fifth anniversary of the discovery of the
Torrey Pines, Pinus Torreyana. These trees were discovered in
the same year that California was admitted to the Union and are
California’s birthday trees. First found in April, 1850 by Dr.
C. C. Perry, they were named in honor of Dr. John Torrey. It
is probable, however, that Dr. Torrey never saw the trees. The
original grove, some twenty miles north of San Diego is now the
Torrey Pine Preserve, dedicated to the ‘‘preservation of the
rarest of the pine trees and their companion shrubs and wild
flowers.”’ Besides this grove there is known one smaller one on
Santa Rosa Island. Where the seeds of the Torrey Pine have
been planted in other regions the trees grow tall and straight,
not like the twisted, stunted trees on the promontory overlooking
the Pacific. The following poem was written in connection with
the jubilee celebration.

THE TORREY PINES
By W. B. FRANCE

Out where the old Pacific roars,
Its breakers voicing a wordless rhyme,
Dashing forever on silent shores,

Like waves of Life on the sands of Time,
With far-flung branches and roots that cling
To painted canyons and steep inclines,

Proud of the story they lived to bring,
They stand—the last of the Torrey Pines.

Eons ago, when man was young,

From northern mountains their fathers strayed;
Age after age they lived and clung

To cliffs that torrents and winds have flayed.
Fighting for life as years have wrought

Their handicraft on the world they mould,
Gaining strength from the fight they fought,

Still they stood till their tale was told.

Aw OLD TorREY PINE

I2T

Faith is in them—a faith that sees

The broader life of the singing spheres;
Faith in the Infinite God of Trees,

Who counts a day as a thousand years.
Timeless ages they lived and grew,

And carried on as their brothers fell;
Seeing only a work to do,

Knowing only to do it well.

Thus, as we each must come and go,
We do our part as the ages climb—
Human forces that ebb and flow
Like waves of Life on the shores of Time!
May we each, in the work we do,
Whatever duties our fate assigns,
Keep the courage to see it through—
Hold the faith of the Torrey Pines.

BOOK REVIEWS

Miss ListTEr’s ‘ Mycetozoa”’ *

The third edition of Lister’s monograph of the ‘‘ Mycetozoa”’
has just appeared. The first edition of this standard work on
the slime-moulds appeared in 1894 and represented the results
of many years of labor on the part of Mr. Arthur Lister. The
drawings, many of which were in color, were executed by Mr.
Lister and his able daughter Miss Gulielma Lister. Mr. Lister
died July 19, 1908.

The widespread interest in the first edition resulted in bringing
in much new material. Asa result of this Miss Lister prepared
a second edition, much enlarged and with improvements in the
quality of the plates. The second edition appeared in I9gITI.

The third edition dated January 1925, includes three additional
genera and forty-six new species. Some of the new species are
raised from varietal rank. Twenty-two new plates have been
added, eight of which are colored.

The appearance of this excellent monograph will be an in-
valuable aid to students of slime-moulds the world over, since
many of these minute organisms are cosmopolitan in their dis-
tribution. Especially is the author to be congratulated on the
number and excellence of the illustrations —FRED J. SEAVER.

* Monograph of Mycetozoa. Third Edition., British Museum, 1925.
gate TT6.

[22

ss ENTY-FIRST VOLUME OF ‘“ NATURAL FAMILIES
OF PLANTS” APPEARS

Engler, A.: Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 11 Band, Musci
(Laubmoose) 2 HAlfte redigiert von V. F. Brotherus und 21 Band,
Parietales und Opuntiales redigiert von E. Gilg. Leipzig, Verlag
von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1925.

This note is written to publish the fact that the second part
of the moss volume of the ‘Natural Families of Plants’’ has
appeared, and should be added to the library of moss lovers.
The twenty-first volume describes the characteristics of 33
families and their genera of flowering plants comprised in the
orders Parietales and Opuntiales. The typography and the il-
lustrations of these volumes leave little to be desired.

JoHNn W. HARSHBERGER.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CLUB

MEETING OF APRIL 29, 1925.

The meeting of this date was held at the Museum Building of
the New York Botanical Garden. Mr. Charles Greenberg,
907 Fox Street, Bronx, N. Y. C., was elected to membership, and
the resignation of Mr. Charles Dreyer, 147 East 55th Street,
Brooklyn, was accepted with regret.

For the scientific part of the program, Dr. N. L. Britton ex-
hibited a fossilized walnut which had been presented to him by a
contractor making excavations in western Porto Rico. The
nuts were found at a depth of about 60 feet in a lignitic layer of
Araciba limestone, perhaps of tertiary origin. The nuts re-
sembled somewhat the existing Juglans, but are smaller with the
ridges less pronounced. They certainly indicate the existence
of Juglans in the West Indies in very ancient times. This
brings up the interesting question as to the place of origin of
the genus Juglans, whether the new or old world.

The next paper was by Dr. A. B. Stout, entitled, ‘* Recent
studies of flower behavior of avocados.’”’ This tropical fruit,
sometimes called alligator pear, is destined some day to become
a great fruit crop. It is very nutritious, being rich in proteid
and oil. The conditions for its cultivation in Florida and Cali-
fornia are favorable.

123

With very few exceptions, all avocados have perfect flowers.
Each flower normally has two distinct periods of opening: in the
first opening the pistil is ready to be pollinated, and in the
second the pollen is being shed. There is an interval of 12, 24,
or 36 hours between these openings depending upon the weather
conditions. As is evident, such a dichogamous condition pre-
vents self-pollination. But the avocado goes a step further: its
flowers open synchronously, i. e. on one variety only one kind of
organ (stamen or pistil) matures at one time, e. g. the stamens in
the morning, the pistils in the evening, or late afternoon. This
prevents close-pollination. Varieties fall into two main groups
with respect to the daily sequence of opening. In one group
first-period flowers are open in the forenoon, and second-period
flowers are open in the afternoon. In the other group, conditions
are the reverse: the second-period flowers are open in the fore-
noon and the first-period ones are open in the afternoon. The
avocados are thus most decidedly adapted for cross-pollination
between members of these two groups, and to provide for proper
pollination such varieties should be interplanted in commercial
plantings.

The recent studies in Florida were made in cooperation with
the Bureau of Plant Industry, The Florida Avocado Association,
‘and the Daiie County Farm Bureau. The flower behavior of
124 named varieties and seedlings has been determined with
special reference to the interplanting which will favor fruit
production. The report of this investigation will soon be
published in detail.

The next paper was by Dr. H. A. Gleason, and was entitled
“The Lobeliaceae of South America.’’ Specimens were shown
and described of South American representatives of the large and
important genera Burmeistera, Centropogon, and Siphocam-
pylus. Dr. Gleason showed how the species clearly separate
out into several groups depending on the character of the fruit,
the nature of the inflorescence, the shape of the corolla, and the
appendages of the two lower anthers.

ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary.

124

MEETING OF May 12, 1925.

This meeting was held at the American Museum of Natural
History. The following were elected to membership:
Prof. F. K. Butters, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
Minnesota.

Miss Mary E. Wood, Johnson Hall, 411 West 116th Street,
New York, N. Y.

Dr. Sheppard Shapiro, Montefioro Hospital, Gunhill Rd. and
Bainbridge Avenue, New York, N. Y.

The program of the evening consisted of an illustrated lecture
by Dr. G. R. Wieland of Yale, entitled “The early Mesozoic
flowering plants,’’ which was illustrated by lantern slides and
specimens. Dr. Wieland confined himself chiefly to the evi-
dence of floral structures in the older Mesozoic, accumulated
since the cycadeoid flower buds were first discovered by him
in 1899. He recited some of the history of discovery in the
petrified cycadeoid series, and then gave his reasons for calling
the group and its allies the hemi-cycadales, or half-cycads;—
that is, because of the vegetative likeness to the existing cycads,
and the floral antithesis in which flowers of the one group are
contrasted with cones of the other.

The petrified cycadeoids were sketched from slides showing
stem, leaf and flower. Attention was called to the fact that
there is a great stem-bearing stratum lying at the top of a mesa
in the southern Black Hills ‘‘Rim’’ near Minnekahta, now set
aside as the ‘‘Cycad National Monument.”’ Here is perhaps the
world’s greatest deposit of semi-gem stone; for the polished sur-
faces and thin sections are of a uniform and uncommon beauty.

A view was given of a wedge cut from the historic Dresden
cycad, found in 1753 and now about to be sectioned for the first
time. The very considerable floral variation within the cyca-
deoids was illustrated. The most typical flowers are not those
of the petrified stems, but those borne on related types with
small, much branched stems. Such are the Williamsontella and
Wielandiella. The smaller flowered cycadeoids,; along with their
relatives formed in all lower Mesozoic time a dominant group
including thousands of species. One of the most striking as-
semblages of this vegetation is that collected by Dr. Wieland in
the Liassic of Southern Mexico.

[25

The question whether the cycadeoids had early relatives
leading toward the angiosperms, or of a possible angiospermous
relationship through reduction of floral parts, was mentioned
tentatively. It was not considered quite certain that the larger
cycadeoid, and likewise some magnolia flowers, may not show a
certain amount of secondary gigantism.

The recently discovered angiosperm group Caytoniales of the
mid-Jurassic of the Yorkshire Coast, which at last definitely
extends the record below Cretaceous time, was considered in
detail, and it was shown that the group occurs earlier in the
Mexican Lias. It was pointed out why fossil flowers are so
rarely found or recognized, and it was concluded that the angi-
osperms did not likely arise later than the Permian.—Dr.
Wieland believes that two of the most promising regions in
which to explore for evidence bearing on early, or intermediate
angiospermous types, are the many RhAtic outcrops in Argentina
and Lias of Mexico. He has collected in both.

ARTHUR H. GRAVEs,
Secretary

MEETING OF May 27, 1925.

This was a joint meeting of the Wild Flower Preservation
Society of America and the Torrey Botanical Club—the regular
annual affair in the interests of the conservation of our native
plants, held at the Museum Building of the New York Botanical
Garden. Mr. Gaylord Johnson, 292 Lincoln Place, Brooklyn,
was unanimously elected to membership in the Torrey Botanical
Club.

Dr. Benedict, representing the committee appointed last year
to secure legislation for the protection of our native plants, re-
ported that Mr. Louis Marshall of New York City drew up two
laws which were proposed in February of this year, but did not
pass, the chief objection being that they were too drastic. The
first was an amendment to the penal code which made more
stringent and specific the penalty for removing wild plants from
private lands. The second amended the State Conservation
law in two ways: first by authorizing the State Commissioner of
Conservation to control the picking of plants in State parks, and
the second, by modifying the private park section, encouraged the

126

establishment of sanctuaries for the propagation and protection
of wild plants. An entering wedge has, however, been finally
formed in the measure for the protection of trailing arbutus on
public lands, which became a law, April I, 1925.

Mrs. Britton brought up the subject of the acquisition and
preservation of the Cook Forest area in Pennsylvania, one of the
largest remaining areas of primeval white pine. This movement
is being furthered by the Ecological Society of America through
its committees on preservation of natural conditions. On the
motion of Dr. R. A. Harper it was the sense of the meeting that
the societies represented endorse this movement and that Mrs.
Britton, the Secretary of the Wild Flower Preservation Society
of America, be empowered to draft a resolution to this effect.

Dr. N. L. Britton spoke of the publication of the Naturalists’
Guide, which should be a great stimulus to the preservation of
natural areas.

Mr. Norman Taylor, in speaking of the new movement for
additional State Park lands, stated that it was on his recom-
mendation that part of Montauk and also an area in Hempstead
Plains between Hicksville and Syosset were included in the plans
for state parks on Long Island. The general park program for
Long Island has aroused opposition from two main sources:

1. From the interested and usually wealthy owners of ad-
jacent property.

2. From those who feel that the acquisition of this land may
result in the destruction of vegetation rather than in its con-
servation.

After some discussion for and against, the motion was passed
without dissenting vote, that it was the sense of the meeting
that, in so far as the establishment of these parks makes for
the preservation of individual plants or vegetation, the move-
ment has the unqualified approval and willingness to cooperate
of the Wild Flower Preservation Society of America and the
Torrey Botanical Club. The secretaries of the two societies
were authorized to send a resolution to Mr. Moses of the Park
Commissioners, to the effect that they are in sympathy with his
park program and wish to do anything they can to support it.

ARTHUR M. GRAVES,
Secretary

127

MEETING OF OCTOBER 13, 1925

The meeting was held at Barnard College. The following new
members were elected:

Miss Fanny A. Cook, Crystal Springs, Mississippi.

Prof. John M. Coulter, Boyce Thompson Institute, Yonkers,

New York.

Mrs. J. V. Johnson, 41 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dr. L. O. Kunkel, Boyce Thompson Institute, Yonkers, N. Y.

Dr. W. J. V. Osterhout, Rockefeller Institute, 67th Street and

Avenue A, New York, N. Y.
Mrs. Charlotte B. Stimpson, 1120 Fifth Avenue, New York,
IN; Y.

Mr. Clark Williams, 160 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

The program of the evening consisted in the relation by the
various members of their experiences and collections during the
summer. Dr. R. A. Harper spoke of his trip to the University
of Wisconsin and remarked upon the notable advances there in
the way of making museum material attractive, especially that
used for class demonstrations. Particularly was this so with
regard to the plant disease material in which the natural colors
were preserved with remarkable accuracy. Dr. Hazen told of
his visit to London where he spent several days in bibliographical
work and attended a meeting of the Linnaean Society. From
there he went to Norway to study the Red Snow. He exhibited
a specimen which was apparently Chlamydomonas lateritia
Lagerheim on a birch twig making a bright red coloration. The
alga was only in the resting stage so that it was impossible to
identify it with certainty as Chlamydomonas. He also spoke
of the interesting arctic and alpine flora; in the more northern
regions the alpine flora occurring at low elevations. He at-
tended the Fourth International Plant Geography Excursion.
Mr. Beale showed specimens of sphagnums, hepatics, and mosses
recently collected in a marl pit near Farmingdale, New Jersey.
The hepatics grew very vigorously on this limy soil. During this
summer he found in the Swartzwood Lake region several patches
of Leucobryum in fruit, and with Mrs. Beals collected many
slime molds. Dr. Rydberg described his trip in a motor car
through the Southern Appalachians. Among the regions visited
were Panther and Snowy Mts. in West Virginia, and Grand-

128

father’s Peak, Mt. Mitchell, Craggy Mts., Pisgah and Balt
Mts. Many collections were made. An Aconitum, reported to
him as Larkspur, was found which was poisoning cattle. Mrs.
G. P. Anderson reported on her work on lichens—a full account
of which will be published later in Torreya. The secretary
mentioned the collection of Linnaea borealis on the top of Black
Head in the Catskills, and also Ribes lacustre near the top of the
same mountain. These collections were made on one of the
trips of the Torrey Club during the summer.
ARTHUR H. GRAVES,
Secretary

NEWS NOTES

Dr. H. A. Gleason of the New York Botanic Gardens left
on Jan. 14 for Porto Rico. He is to work in cooperation with
Dr. Melville T. Cook in studying the plants of Porto Rico
and their distribution. Later in the season Dr. and Mrs. N. L.
Britton will join Dr. Gleason in the work.

A recent notice in the newspapers tells us that the State of
Washington has joined the movement toward protecting wild
flowers and has made it a misdemeanor to cut any shrubs or
wild flowers within 300 feet of the public highway without
permission of the owner of the land.

This fall the newspapers of New York City were full of ac-
counts of large fields of hemp, Cannabis sativa, grown in or
about the city for the sake of furnishing the narcotic drug
hasheesh. They claimed that the hemp had been planted by a
group of Mexicans, some of it in City Parks, and that they gath-
ered the leaves at night and prepared and peddled the drug.
According to the accounts, the authorities found several of
these fields and destroyed a large number of the plants. (The
drug is prepared from the flowering tops, chiefly of the staminate
plants, not from the leaves.)

At the meeting of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science held during Christmas week at Kansas City,
Dr. Liberty Hyde Baily was elected president of the Association
and also of the Botanical Society of America.

129

ERRATA

Page 52, footnote, 1924 should be 1925.
“58, numbers 6 and 7 should be interchanged.
108, line 3, Vance Thompson should be Boyce Thomp-

“é

son.
DATES OF PUBLICATION OF TORREYA

No. 1. Jan-Feb. Pages 1-24 Issued Feb. 25, 1925
Nowe. Mar.—Apr. “25-44 =) Tah 22 Mien
No. 3. May-June “45-68 peer fed ake)
No. 4. July—Aug. “69-88 on eA LG
No. 5. Sept.—Oct. “89-108 oe Ot eo
No. 6. Nov.—Dec. “ 109g-I— ‘Jan. —, 1926

130

INDEX TO VOLUME TWENTY-FIVE

(The names of species and varieties described as new are in bold faced

type.)

Acer Floridanum, 47, 49; rubrum,
33, 46, 112

Acerates viridiflora, 113

Adelia ligustrina, 47, 49

Adiantum fragile, 27; tenerum, 27
trapeziforme, 27; villosum, 27

Aesculus Pavia, 48

Agilinus acuta, 113; purpurea, 113

Agaricus diminutivus, 30

Agave spicata, 27

Agrostis hyemalis, 110; perennans, I10

Ailanthus glandulosus, 114

Akebia quinata, 72, 77

Albugo portulacae, 29

Alectoria chalybeiformis, 79

Aletris farinosa, 111

Aleurites moluccana, 19

Allabach, Miss L. M. F., 62

Alnus incana, 73

Amanita Frostii, 33; phalloides, 30;
strobiliforme, 30

Amanitopsis vaginata, 33; volvata, 30

Amelanchier intermedia, III

Ampelopsis arborea, 46

Amphicarpa monoica, 29

Amphipleura sp., 8

Anabaena tortulosa, 6; variabilis 6

Anaphalis margaritacea, 113

Ancylistes Closterii, 29

Anderson, Mrs. G. P., 128

Andrews, Miss E. F., 104

Andropogon furcatus, 110; scoparius,
110; virginicus, I1O

Aneimia adiantifolia, 27

Anemone coronaria, 36; quinque-
folia, 78, I11

Antennaria fallax, 113; neglecta, 113°
neodioica, 113; plantaginifolia, 113

Anthemis Palestina, 37

Anthurium venosum, 27

Anychia, 12; Nuttalli, 60; An addi-
tional Anychia from Pennsylvania.
59

Apios tuberosa, 75

Aralia hispida, 82

Arcyria incarnata, 7

Arisaema Dracontium, 47, 49

Aristida dichotoma, I10; purpuras-
cens, IIO

Aronia atropurpurea, 111; mellano-
carpa, III

Artemesia monosperma, 43

Arthrodesmus convergens, 8; fragilis,

Ascle piasamplexicaulis, 113; pulchra,
113; rubra, 83; syriaca, 113; tuber-
osa, 113; verticillata, 113

Ascobolus Crouani, 72; stercorarius,
29

Ascophanus carneus, 29

Ashe, W. W., Further
Woody Plants, 10

Asimina parviflora, 49

Asplenium abscissum, 28; dentatum,
27; myriophyllum, 28

Aster concolor, 83; dumosus, 113;
ericoides, 83; nemoralis, 83; novi-
belgii, 113; paniculatus, 83, 113;
patens, 113; puniceus, 113; vimin-
eus, 113

Astragalus alpinus, 97; giganteus, 97;
labradoricus, 96; secundus, 96

Atriplex arenaria, 81

Aulacomnium heterostichum, 80

Aureolaria pedicularia, 113

Notes on

Bacillus carotovorus, 72

Bacterium maculicolum, 72; tume-
faciens, 20

Badhamia decipiens, 7

Bambusa Brebissonii, 8

Banyan-like Copice of Sour Gum, A,
114

Baptisia tinctoria, 113

Barnhart, John H., 62, 63; Meisel,
Bibliography of American Natural
History, Review, 83

Baron, Miss Olive, 41

Bartonia paniculata, 82; virginica, 113

Bazzania trilobata, 34, 80

Beals, A. T., 62, 127

Benedict, R. C., 63, 125

Benzoin aestivalis, 72

Berberis vulgaris, 16

Berry, Edward W., A New Salvinia
from the Eocene, 116

Bethel, Ellsworth, 107

Betula populifolia, 73, 74, 111

Biatorella clavus, 79

Bibliography of American Natural
History, Meisel, Review, 83

Bicknell, E. P., 65

Bidens comosa, 113; connata,
frondosa, 113

113;

131

Bignonia crucigera, 46, 49

Bilimbia sphaeroides, 79

Blake, S. F., Standley and Calderon,
A List of Plants of El Salvador,
Review, 102

Blakeslee, A. F’., 66

Blephariglottis ciliaris, 111;lacera, 111

Boehmeria cylindrica, 75

Boletus auripes, 32; auriporus, 32; bi-
color, 32; griseus, 32; indecisus, 32,
luteus, 79; ornatipes, 32; Russelli, 32

Boletinus Berkeleyi, 79; cavipes, 30;
porosus, 30; porosus opacus, 30

Bombax emarginata, 26

Botryis cinerea, 33

Botryodiphlodia compressa, 76

Botryosphaeria graphidea, 72

Bovistella chiensis, 32

Bower, F., 108

Brachythecium salebrosum, 80

Brainerd, Ezra, 22

Brasenia Schreberi, 81, 111

Brassica campestris, 72; oleracea, 29,

(ky i ae

Britton, Elizabeth G,, 126; Holly and
Laurel, 87 .

Britton, N.L., 41,44, 63, 108, 122, 126,
128

Bryum argenteum, 80

Buhofer, Miss Martha, 62

Buob, Miss Dorothy, 41

Burnham, Stewart H. and Roy A.
Latham, The Flora of the Town of
Southold, Long Island and Gardin-
ers Island, 71

Butters, F. K., 124

Callicarpa Americana, 49
Calliergon cuspidatum, 80; Schreberi,
8

()

Callitriche deflexa Austini, 82

Calocera cornea, 31

Calostoma cinnabarinum, 31

Calothrix confervicola, 6; crustacea,
6; parasitica, 6; pulvinala, 6;
scopulosum, 6, 71

Calycoparpum Lyoni, 49

Calypso, Further Notes on, Henry
Mousley, 54

Campyloneuron angustifolium, 28

Cannabis sativa, 129

Carex anceps, 81; albolutescens, I10;
annectans, 81; canescens, II0; con-
voluta, 81; echinata cephalantha,
81; emmonsii, 110; folliculata, 110;
Grayii, 81; languinosa, 110; Longii,
81; lupulina, 110; lurida, 110; nor-
malis, 81; pennsylvanica, 110; sco-
paria, 110; striata brevis, 81; tribu-
loides, 81; vulpinoides, 110

Carey, Miss Cornelia L., 63; Holmes
and Robbins, A Text Book of
General Botany, Review, 100

Carya glabra, 76

Caryospora callicarpa, 73

Cassia Chamaecrista, 82

Castalia odorata, 111

Cathartolinum intercusum, 112; stri-
atum, I12

Ceanothus americanus, 112

Cecidomyia majalis, 71; pinirigidae, 71

Celtis australis, 43; occidentalis, 76;
sp., 46, 49

Centaurea vochinensis, 83

Centropogon poasensis, 92; rubro-
venosus, 93

Cephalanthus, 46

Cephalozia bicuspidata, 80; catenu-
lata, 80

Ceramium rubrum proliferum, 10

Ceratiomyxa poriodes, 7

Cercis canadensis, 49

Cercospora Boehmeriae, 75; depaze-
oides, 75; Nesaeae, 75; tuberosa, 75

Cetraria ciliaris, 79

Chaetomorpha melagonium, 105

Chamaecyparis thyoides, 78

Chamaenerion angustifolium, 112

Chamaesiphon sp., 6

Chamberlain, E. B., 64

Chara fragilis, 41

Chardon, Carlos E., 44

Cheilanthes microphylla, 28

Chenopodium album, 75

Chessler, Miss Alla, 41

Chiococca racemosa, 28

Chlamydomonas lateritia, 67,127; niv-
alis, 67

Chlorosplenium aeruginosum, 33

Chromochrae gelatinosa, 30

Chroococcus turgidus, 6

Chrysler, M. A., 20; Climbing a
Mogote, 25

Chrysopsis falcata, 113; mariana, I13

Chrysosplenium americanum, III

Cibotium Menziesii, 19

Cincticornia serrata, 71

Cinctractia Montagnei, 78

Cirsium odoratum, 113

Cladonia crispata, 79; fimbriata, 34;
pityrea, 79; uncialis, 79; verticil-
lata, 79

Cladophora fracta, 9; Magdalanae,
7Lasps 6

Cladosporium gramineum, 75

Clark, Samuel Fessenden, 88

Clavaria circinans, 31; coronata, 31;
fusiformis, 31; pistillaris, 31; stricta
fumida, 31

Clethra alnifolia, 73, 77

132

Clitocybe butyracea, 31; candida, 30;
gigantea, 30; infundibuliformis, 31;
media, 31

Climbing a Mogota, M. A. Chrysler,
2

Closterium didymotocum, 8; sp., 29

Cockerell, T. D. A., Notes on Fagus
antipofi, 98

Colletotrichum lagenarium, 75; Lind-
emuthianum, 76

Collybia acervata, 79

Commandra umbellata, 111

Comptonia peregrina, III

Comatricha typhoides, 7

Convolvulus sepium, 113

Cook, Mel, 44, 107

Cook, Miss Fanny A., 127

Corcovado, The Ascent of, 69

Corticium comedens, 32

Cortinarius sp., 31

Corylus americana, III

Cosmarium everettense, 8; ornatus,
8; ovale, 8; tetraophthalmum, 8

Coulter, J., 96, 108, 127

Cracca virginiana, 112

Crataegus crus galli, 111

Craterellus sinuosus crispus, 33

Crocanthemum canadense, 112; du-
mosun, II2; majus, 112; propin-
quum, I12

Crotelaria retusa, 26

Cucumis sativus, 76

Cuscuta polygonosum, 83

Cyathodes Tameiameiae, 19

Cylindrospermum majus, 6

Cyperus filiculmis, 112; strigosus, 112

Cyphella fasciculata, 79

Cyrilla racemiflora, 46

Cystopus candidus, 33

Dacryomyces chrysocemus, 31

Dactylocopsis raphidioides, 6

Daedalea confragosa, 32

Daldinea concentrica, 30

Danthonia spicata, 110

Dasystephana saponaria, 113

Deam, Charles C., Shrubs of Indiana,
Review, 15

Decodon verticillatus, 40, 75

Degener, Otto, 18

Demonstration of Protoplasmic Mo-
tion, Arthur P. Kelley, 98

Denslow, H. M., 62

Diaporthe binoculata Clethrae, 73;
gallophila, 73; phomaspora, 73

Diatoma vulgare, 8

Diatrype minima, 73; subferruginea,

73
Diatrypella decorata, 73; nigro an-
nulata, 73

Dichaena strumosa, 73

Dichromera Clethrae, 76

Dicranum longifolium, 34

Dictydium cancellatum, 34

Dictyocystis Hitchcockii, 7

Dictyostelium mucoroides, 7

Dictyophora duplicata, 33

Diderma testaceum, 7

Diodea teres, 113

Diospyros, 46

Diplodina epicarya, 76

Diplotaxis tenuifolia, 81

Discosia minima, 76

Distichlis spicata, 80

Dodge, B. O., 62

Dodonea Ehrenbergii, 38; jamaicen-
sis, 38; microcarya, 39; spatulata,
39; viscosa, 38

Dothidea Baccharides, 73

Dothiorella Celtidis, 76

Draparnaldia acuta, 71; plumosa, 9

Dreyer, Charles, 122

Drosera intermedia, 111; rotundifolia,
III

Dryopteris thelypteris, 110

Duchesnea indica, 32

Du Vivier, Edward, 41

Dutcher, Miss Catherine, 104

Eleocharis capitata, 110; obtusa, 78;
olivacea, 110; palustris, 81, 110;
rostellata, 81; tuberculosa, I10

Eliot, Dr.-Charles, 68

Elodea Nuttallii, 80

Engler, A., Die Natiirlichen Pflan-
zenfamilien, 11 Band Musci und
21 Band, Parietales und Opuntiales,
Review, 122

English Sparrow, The, W. A. Mur-
rill, 13

Enteromorpha prolifera, 9

Entyloma rhodopalium, 33

Eragrostis pectinacea, I10

Erechtites hieracifolia, 113

Erigeron ramosus, I13

Eriocaulon septangulare, 110

Eriophorum tenellum, 110; virgihi-
cum, IIo

Eriosphaeria alligata, 73

Erysiphe Galeopsidis, 73; Polygoni, 74

Euastrum verrucosum, 8

Eugenia, 19

Eupatorium hyssopifolium, 113; in-
carnatum, 47, 49; maculatum, 113;
perfoliatum, 71;rotundifolium, 113;
torreyanum, I13

Euphorbia glyptosperma, 82, lactea,
26

Euthamia graminifolia, 113; tenui-
folia, 113

133

Eutypella capillata, 74; glandulosa,
74; Platani, 74; stellulata, 74;
tetraploa, 74

Evans, Alexander W., 63

Extinct or Lost and Rediscovered
Plants, Some, 96

Fagus antipofii, Notes on, 98

Fagus grandifolia, 74

Fairbanks, Mrs. Lewis B., 41

Faris, James A., 26

Ferguson, William C., Ferns and
Flowering Plants of the Hempstead
Plains, 109

Fernald, M. L., 106

Festuca octoflora, 110

Fimbristylis puberula, 110

Fissipes acaulis, 111

Fistulina palida, 32

Five New Species of Lobeliaceae, 92

Fomes applanatus, 33; Auberianus,

9
Fontinalis Novae-Angliae, 80
Fragaria chiloensis, 19; virginiana, 112
Fragilaria virescens, 8
Fraxinus americana, 49;
vanica, 82
Fritiilaria imperialis, 36
Fucus platycarpus, 10
Further Notes on Woody Plants,
W. W. Ashe, 10

pennsyl-

Gager, C. Stuart, 63

Galium claytoni, 113

Gaussia princeps, 27

Gaylussacia baccata, 113

Geoglossum americanum, 30; glu-
tinosum, 30; ophioglossoides, 30

Geranium maculatum, 112

Gleason, H. A., 63, 123, 128; Five
New Species of Lobeliaceae, 92

Gleichenia, 19

Gloeosporium Lathami, 76; Linde-
muthianum, 76; Sanguisorbae, 76

Gnaphalium obtusifolium, 113

Grandinia tuberculata, 79

Gratiola aurea, 113

Graves, Arthur H., 63, 128

Gray Asa, 68

Greenberg, Charles, 122

Gress, E. M., Illick’s Tree Habits,
Review, 17

Grier, N. M., Unreported Plants from
Long Island, 5, 29

Grossularia curvatum, 50; echinella,

49
Gundersen, Alfred, 63 -
Gymnosporangium Botryopites, 7

Hamamelis virginiana, 77

Ha Reubeni, Ephraim, 42; The Lilies
of the Field, 35

Harper, R. A., 104, 127

Harper, Roland M., 68; A Botani-
cally Remarkable Locality in the
Tallahassee Red Hills, 45

Harshberger, John W., A Banyan-
like Coppice of Sour Gum, 114;
Engler’s Die Natiirlichen Pflanzen-
familien, Review, 122

Hastings, George T., 62; Shrubs of
Indiana, Review, 15; Some Tree
Buds, 1; The New England-Aca-
dian Shore Line, Review, 101; Win-
ter Botany, Review, 85; A Tree’s
Diamond Jubilee, 119

Hazen, Tracy E., 62, 66, 88, 127

Helianthemum Bicknellii, 82

Helianthus angustifolius, 113

Helvella crispa, 30; lacunosa, 30

Hemitrichia clavata, 7

Hempstead Plains, Ferns and Flow-
ering Plants of, 109

Hicoria sp., 49

Hibiscus Moscheutos
palustris, 14; sp., 46

Hieracium gronovii, 113

Hill, Miss Helen S., 66

Hirneola auricola Judae, 32

Holly and Laurel, Elizabeth G.
Britton, 89

Holman, Richard M. and Wilfred W.
Robbins, A Textbook of General
Botany, Review, 100

House, H. D., List of New York
State Plants, Review, 13

Houstonia longifolia, 113

Howe, M. A., 62, 66

Hydnum zonatum, 32

Hygrophorus cantharellus, 31; coni-
cus, 31; fuligineus, 31

Hypericum adpressum, I12; cana-
dense, 112; mutilum, 112

Hypoderma commune, 74

Hypomyces chrysospermus, 30; hy-
alinus, 30

Hyponeuris alneus, 31

Hypotrichia Rhenana, 74

Hypoxis hirsuta, III

Hypoxylon Ravenelli, 74

Peckii, 14;

Ibidium cernum, III; gracile, III

Ilea fulvescens, 9

Ilex aquifolia, 91; opaca, 49, 90;
verticillata, I12

Illick, Joseph S., Tree Habits, Re-
view, 17

Illustrative Material of Gaps and
Traces in Teaching Plant Anatomy,

39
Ilysanthes inaequalis, 83

134

Inocybe cincinnata, 31

Ionactis linariifolius, 113

Irpex deformis, 32; fusco-violaceus, 32
Isaria Anisophilae, 72

Jamesoniella autumnalis, 80

Jasione montana, 83

Johnson, Douglas, The New Eng-
Jand-Acadian Shore Line, Review,

IOI

Johnson, Gaylord, 125

Johnson, J. V., 127

Juncoides campestris, 111

Juncus acuminatus, 111; canadensis,
81,111; dichotomus, 81;effusus, III;
greenii, 111; marginatus, 111; pelo-
carpus, III; scirpoides, 111; tenuis,
III

Juniperus virginiana, 75, 76, 79

Just, Charles, 41

Karling, J. S., 41

Kelley, Arthur P., 18; Demonstration
of Protoplasmic Motion, 98

Kneiffia fruticosa, 112; perennis, 112;
velutina, 112

Kolk, Miss Laura A., 106

Krigia virginica, 113

Kunkel, L. O., 127

Kurtz, Herman, 45

Lachnea scutellata, 33

Lachnobolus globosus, 7

Lachnocladium Michineri, 31

Lactaria lignyotus, 31

Lamium maculatum, 83

Latham, Roy A. and Stewart H.
Burnam, The Flora of the Town of
Southfield, Long Island and Gar-
diners Island, 71

Lathyrus maritimus, 82

Lechea maritima, 112; minor, 112;
villosa, 112

Lee, Frederick S., 23

Leocarpus fragilis, 7

Leotia viscosa, 30

Lepidium virginicum, 29

Lepidozia sylvatica, 80

Lepiota, 69; naucina, 31

Leptosphaeria dumetorum, 74

Leptothyrella Lathami, 77

Leptothyrium Smilacis, 77

Lespedeza angustifolia, 112; capitata
velutina, 82; hirta, 112; virginica, 112

Levin, Isaac, 41

Levine, Michael, 20, 63

Ligusticum scoticum, 82

Lilies of the Field, The, 35

Lilium candidum, 36; cephalodonium,
36

Limodorum tuberosum, I11

Limonium trichogonium 82

Linaria canadensis, 113

Liquidambar, 46; Styraciflua, 49

Lister, Gulielma, Monograph of the
Mycetozoa, Review, 121

Lobelia nuttallii, 113; spicata, 113

Lobeliaceae, Five New Species of, 92

Lonicera japonica, 15

Long Island, Unreported Plants from,

5)
Lophiostoma pulveraceum, 74
Lophodermium pinastri, 74
Ludwigia alternifolia, 112
Lychnis alba, 77, 78
Lycoperdon Cyathiforme, 33
Lycopodium adpressum, 110; cernu-
um, 19; phyllanthum, 19; venus-
tulum, 19
Lycopus americanus, 113 ;uniflorus, 113
Lyngbya confervoides, 6; semiplena,
6

Lysimachia quadrifolia, 113; terres-
tris, 113

McCoy, Charles, 18

Maclura pomifera, 74

Macrophoma Oenothera-biennis, 77
Macrosporium asclepiadenum, 74
Magnolia granidflora, 49

Mandell, Miss Lillian, 106

Mann, Miss Mary, 63

Marasmus nigripes, 31; sarmentosus,
31

Marrubium vulgare, 83

Marsh, Mrs. Spencer S., 64
Marshall, Louis, 125

Matricaria, aurea, 43

Matzke, Edwin E., 20

Meisel, Max, A Bibliography of
American Natural History, Re-
view, 83

Melanomma pulvis-pyrius, 74

Melia Azedarach, 46, 49

Mentha longifolia, 83

Machinera Artocreas, 33
Micrasterias laticeps, 8; muricata, 8;
radiata, 8

Microcoleus tenerrimus, 6
Microcycas calocoma, 25

Microspora floccosa, 71

Milton, Miss Paula, 20

Mnium punctatum, 80; var. elatum,
80

Monilia cinera, 30

Monostroma crepidinum, 9

Morus rubra, 49

Mousley, Henry, Further Notes on

Calypso, 54
Moore, Barrington, 65

135

Muhlenbergia sylvatica, 74.

Murrill, William A., 22; The English
Sparrow, 12; Sketches of Travel in
South America, 69

Mutinus caninus, 32; elegans, 32
Mycetozoa, Monograph on, Miss
Lester, Review, 121

Mycogone incarnata, 33
Mycosphaerella indistincta, 74; sple-
niata, 74

Myrica carolinensis, 73, 75, 79, 111
Myriophyllum humile, 82
Myxosporium Oenotherae, 77

Nabalus serpentarius, 113

Najas gracillima, 80

Navicula Grevillei, 8

Nectria peziza, 30

Neidium affine, 8

Neolasioptera perfoliata, 71

Neopieris mariana, 112

Nephromopsis ciliaris, 79

Netrium Digitus, 8

New England-Acadian Shore Line,
The, Review, 101

New Salvinia from the Eocene, Ed-
ward W. Berry, 116

News Notes, 21, 43, 68, 87, 107, 128

New Varnish-leaf Tree from the
Florida Keys, 38

New Whitlow-wort from Florida, 11

Nichols, Dr. Susan P., 68, 104

Nuttall, L. W., 62

Nyachia pulvinata, 12

Nyssa sulvatica, 114

Odontoschisma denudatum, 80

Oedaspis atra, 71

Oedogonium crassiusculum idioan-
drosporium, 9; grande, 9; Pring-
sheimii, 9; rufescens exiguum, 9

Oenothera biennis, 76, 77, 86, 112;
laciniata, 82

Omphalia caespitosa, 31; campanella,

O’Neal, Claude E., 20

Onoclea sensibilis, 110

Ophioderma pendulum, 19

Oplismenus setarius, 49

Opuntia Opuntia, 112; stricta, 26

Orontium aquaticum, 81

Orphal, G. E., 104

Orthotrichum pusillum, 80; sordidum,
80

Orton, W. A., 23

Oscillatoria animalis, 6; formosa, 6;
gracilima, 6; ornata, 6

Osmunda cinnamomea, I10; regalis,
I1O

Osterhout, W. J. V., 127

Oxycoccus macrocarpus, I13

Padus virginiana, 111

Palmellococcus miniatus, 9

Pandeolus campanulatus, 31; retiru-
ZiS, 33

Panicularia acutiflora, 110; canaden-
sis, 110

Panicum albemarlense, 110; capillara,
110; columbianum, 110; columbia-
num thinium, 110; hemitomon, 46;
implicatum, 110; lindheimeri, 110;
longifolium, 110; lucidum, 110; mi-
crocarpon, 110;sphaerocarpon, 110;
virgatum, 110; virgatum cubense,
110

Panus albido-tomentosus, 31;
tulosus conchatus, 31

Parallelodiplosis Spirae, 71

Parthenocissus quinquefolia, 46, 49

Paspalum muhlenbergii, 110; psam-
mophilum, 80

Pedicularis, canadensis, 113

Pennell, Francis W., 62

Peperoma, 20; commulata, 28

Peronospora parasitica, 29, 72

Persea Borbonia, 49

Persicaria hydropiperoides, 111

Pestalozzia scirpina, 76; Syringae, 76

Peterium spinosum, 42

Petrocelis cruenta, 10

Phacidium Teucrii, 72

Phaeodon imbricatum, 33

Phoma acicola, 77; acuum, 77; Ake-
biae, 72, 77; cellidocola, 77; Dul-
camarina, 77; enterolucca, 77;
lingam, 77; lirellata, 77; spermoides
77; strobiligena, 77

Phormidium fragile, 71; laminosum, 6

Phycomyces nitens, 29

Phyllachora vulgata, 74

Phyllocoptes toxicophagus, 71

Phyllosticta clethricola, 77; cruenta,
77; Hamamelidis, 77

Physalospora erratica, 74; rhodina,
The

Physarum compressum, 7

Physurus sagraeanus, 27

Phytolacca americana, III

Pilea microphylla, 28

Pinus caribaea, 25; echinata, 47;
rigida, 71, 74, 77,110; Taeda, 49;
Torreyana, I19

Pitcairnia penduliflora, 28

Plantago decipiens, 83; elongata, 83

Platanus occidentalis, 74, 78

Plathypena scabra, 75

Pleurosigma distortum, 8

Pleurotus applicatus, 79; rapidus, 33;
spathulatus, 79

Pogonia ophioglossioides, IIT;
ticillata, 81

tor-

ver-

136

Polygala cruciata, 112; nuttallii, 112;
poyglama, 112; viridescens, 112

Polygonatum biflorum, 111

Polygonella articulata, 111

Polygonum aviculare, 81

Polymnia Uvedalia, 47

Polypodium epiguum, 28; incanum,
69; polypodioides, 49

Polyporus lucidus, 32; obliquus, 32;
robiniophilus, 32

Polystictus abietinus, 32; cinnabari-
nus, 32; cinnamomeus, 33; conna-
tus, 32; hirsutus, 33; versicolor, 33

Polytrichum, 69

Pontederia sp., 46

Populus alba, 114; grandidentata, 111;
tremuloides, 111

Potamogeton heterophyllus, 80; na-
tans, 80; pulcher, 80

Potentilla monspeliensis, 112; pumila,
Ii2

Proceedings of the Club, 18, 41, 62,
86, 104, 122

Prunella vulgaris, 76

Prunus Avium, 47; Caroliniana, 49;
cuneata, 16, I11; domestica, 76;
maritima, 111; pumila, 16;serotina,
49; susquehanae, 16

Pseudomonas campestris, 72

Psilopezzia Babingtonii, 30

Psilotum nudum, 49

Ptelea trifoliata, 47, 49

Pteris, 69

Ptitium crista-castrensis, 34

Puccinea hieraciata, 78

Pupin, M., J. 22

Pyrenophora calvescens, 75

Pyronoma confluens, 30

Quercus alba, 74, 78; coccifera, 43;
ilicifolia, 111; lusitanica, 43; mary-
landica, 111; Michauxii, 46, 49;
nigra, 46; prinoides, 111; Prinus,
73; Schneckii, 47, 49; stellata, 76,
I11; velutina, 71, 73, 111; virgini-
ana, 49

Radicula palustris, 111

Raillardia scabra, 19

Rajania Wrightii, 28

Ralfsia clavata, 10

Ramularia Brunellae, 75; Epilobii, 75

Ranunculus asiaticus, 36; micran-
thus, 81

Reid, Miss Mary E., 41

Rhexia virginica, 112

Rhipsalis subulata, 33

Rhizocarpon confervoides, 79; pe-
traea, 79

Rhizoclonium riparium, 9; tortuo-
sum, 72

Rhizomorpha subcorticalis, 79

Rhodites globuloides, 71; Nebulosus
71; radicum, 71; rosaefolii, 71

Rhopographus clavisporus, 75

Rhus copallina, 82; copallina, 112;
radicans, 40, 49; Toxicodendron,
71, 75, 76; typhina, 82

Rhytisma monogramma, 72

Ribes curvatum, 50

Riccardia latifrons, 80; multifida, 80

Richards, H. M., 63

Rivularia nitida, 6

Robinia Pseudo-acacia, 74, 77

Rosa blanda, 71; carolina, 71; En-
glanteria, 15; palustris, 112; vir-
giniana, 112

Rosellinia ligniaria, 75; subulata, 33

Rubus frondosus, 112; hispidus, 112;
nigricans, 112; odoratus, 82; pro-
cumbens, 112; rosaefolius, 19

Russula crustosa, 31; cyanoxantha,
31; emetica, 33; roseipes, 31

Rydberg, P. A., Some Extinct or Lost
and Rediscovered Plants, 96, 127

Rynchospora alba, 110; capitellata,
110

Sagittaria latifolia, 110

Salix discolor, 111; humilis, 111; nigra,
46; tristis, III

Salvinia preauriculata, 116; auricu-
lata, 117; natans, 118

Sambucus canadensis, 74, 78, 113

Sanydra grandiflora, 28

Sanguisorba canadensis, 76

Sarothra gentianioides, 112

Sassafras variifolium, 114

Saunders, Miss Helen E., 20

Scenedesmus obliquus quadricauda, 9

Schizoxylon Berkeleyanum, 72, 77

Schull, George H., 86

Scirpus americanus, 110; cyperinus,
110; debilis, 110; nanus, 81

Scleria pauciflora, 110

Sclerotinia fructigena, 33

Scutellaria galericulata, 73

Seaver, Fred J., Lister’s Monograph
of Mycetozoa, Review, 121

Selaginella stolonifera, 27

Selby, A. D., 104

Sepidonium chrysospermum, 33

Septogloeum Celtidis, 76

Septoria ampelina, 77; noctiflorae, 77;
Radiculae, 77

Seriocarpus linifolius, 113

Shapiro, Sheppard, 124

Shrubs of Indiana, Charles C. Deam,
Review, 15

Shternov, Valdimir A., 62

Siemensia pendula, 27

Simblum sphaerocephalum, 32

137

Siphocampylus corynellus, 93; fis-
sus, 95; flavoruber, 94; Regalii, 92

Sisyrinchium arenicola, 111; atlanti-
cum, III

Smilacina stellata, 78

Smilax glauca, 33; lanceolata, 49;
rotundifolia, 49, 77, 78, 111

Small, John K., 44, 64, 88; An addi-
tional Anychia from Pennsylvania,
59; A new Whitlow-wort from
Florida, 11; A New Varnish-leaf
Tree from the Florida Keys, 38

Sobel, Miss Mollie, 106

Solanum Dulcamara, 77

Solenia villosa, 33

Solidago, 71; altissima, 113; juncea,
113; Michauxii, 83; nemoralis, 113;
odora, 113; puberula, 113; rugosa,
113; serotina gigantea, 83

Some Tree Buds, 1

Sorghastrum nutans, I10

Sparassis tremelloides, 31

Sparganium androcladum, 110

Sparrow, The English, 12

Spartina patens, 81

Spergularia salina, 81

Sphaerella lacustris, 67; nivalis, 66

Sphaerobolus carpobolus, 33

Sphaeropsis Akebiae, 78; Amelan-
chieris, 78; Celtidis, 78; insignis,
78; latispora, 78; pinetum, 78;

Platani, 78; Sambuci, 78; Te-
comae, 78
Sphaerotheca Castegnei, 75; Hu-

muli, 75

Spigelia, 47; Marilandica, 49

Spiraea latifolia, 112; tomentosa, 71,
112

Spirogyra majuscula, 9; mirabilis, 9

Spondylosium tetragonum, 8

Sporotrichum agaricinum, 75

Stachys hyssopifolia, 113

Standley, Paul C. and Salvador Cal-
déron, A List of the Plants of El
Salvador, Review, 102

Statice limonum, 32

Staurastrum gracile, 8; pentacladi-
um, 8; tohoepekaligense, 8; vesti-
tum, 8

Steganosporium fenestratum, 76

Stenophyllus capillaris, 110

Sterigmotocystis sp., 32

Stereocaulon condensatum, 34

Stereum compactum, 32

Stimpson, Mrs. Charlotte B., 127

Stout, A. B., 63, 122

Strophostyles umbellata, 82

Styrax americana, 46

Suaeda linearis, 81

Symplocarpus foetidus, 33

Synchytrinum decipiens, 29

Synedra radians, 8
Syntherisma filiforme, 112
Syringa vulgaris, 33, 77

Tallahassee Red Hills, of Middle
Florida, A Botanically Remarkable
Locality in the, 45

Taphrin alnitorque, 33

Taylor, Norman, 43, 126; House's
List of New York State Plants,
Review, 13

Taxodium distichum, 40

Tecoma radicans, 46, 78

Teesdalia nudicaulis, 41

Teucrium canadense, 15

Textbook of General Botany for Col-
leges and Universities, Review, 100

Thalictrum sp., 77

Thamnidium elegans, 29

Thelia asprella, 34

Thelypteris palustris, 74

Thlaspi arvense, 81

Thrinax microcarpa, 27

Thuidium microphyllum, 80

Thymus Serpyllum, 83

Tilia, 47, 49

Tillandsia usneoides, 46, 49

Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae, 112

Toro, Rafael, 107

Torrey Pines, 119

Tovara virginiana, 47, 49

Towne, Benjamin, 41

Toxicodendron radicans, 112; vernix,
112

Tracaulon sagitatum, III

Tradescantia, 49, 98

Tranzchel, W., 63

Tree Habits, Joseph S.
view, I7

Tree’s Diamond Jubilee, 119

Trelease, S. F., 22, 66

Trelease, Winter Botany, Review, 85

Tremella vesicaria, 33

Triadenum virginicum, I12

Trianea, 98

Trichostema dichotomum, I13

Trifolium arvense, 82

Trillium Underwoodii, 49

Trowbridge, Miss R. S. P., 66

Tsuga canadensis, 65

Tubifera ferruginosa, 7

Tubulina ferruginosa, 7

Tulipa praecox, 36

Illick, Re-

Ulmus alata, 49; fulva, 47, 49
Ulocalla foliacea, 33
Unreported Plants from Long Island,

Sea ioe
Uredo nivalis, 67
Urocystis Anemones, 78

Uromyces Eleocharides, 78; Fra-

138

garioides, 32; polygoni, 33; Ryn-
chosporae, 78; statices, 32; ver-
ruculosus, 78

Uva-ursi uva-ursi, 112

Vaccinium angustifolium ,113;corym-
bosum, 113; reticulatum, 19; simu-
latum, 11; vacillans, 113; vacillans
Missouriense, 10; virgatum Ozar-
kense, 10; viride, 11

Vagnera racemosa, III

Valsa cenisia, 75; clausa, 75; querna,
75; Toxici, 75

Varnish-leaf Tree from the Florida
Keys, A New, 39

Vaucheria geminata, 72

Verbascus Thaspus, 39

Verbena hastata, 113

Vermicularia Polygonati, 78

Vernonia noveboracensis, 113

Viburnum dentatum, 113

Vinca rosea, 98

Viola brittoniana, 112; cucullata, 112;
emarginata, 112; fimbriatula, 112;
lanceolata,112; pedata,112; pallens,
112; primulifolia, 112; sagittata, 82

Vitex Agnus castus, 42

Vitis aestivalis, 46; rotundifolia, 49
Volvox aureus, 9

Wherry, Edgar T., 88

Whitlow-wort, A New, I1

Wiegand, Karl, 88

Wieland, G. R., 124

Wilcox, T. E., 63

Williams, Clark, 127

Wilson, C. L., Illustrative Material of
Gaps and Traces in Teaching Plant

' Anatomy, 39

Wilson, Mrs. Ernest H., 64

Winter Botany, Trelease, Review, 85

Woody Plants, Further Notes on, 10

Wood, Miss Mary E., 124

Wylie, R. B., 22

Xolisma ligustrina, 112
Xyris flexulosa, 111

Zamia latifolia, 27; Kicksil, 21, 26
Zea Mays, 75

Zizia aurea, 82; cordata, 82
Zizyphus spina Christi, 42
Zoochlorella parasitica, 9
Zygnema stellinum, 9

The Torrey Botanical Club

Contributors of accepted articles and reviews who wish six gratuitous copies
of the number of TorreyA in which their papers appear, will kindly notify the

editor when returning proof,

Reprints should be ordered, when galley proof is returned to the editor.
The Intelligencer Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., have furnished the following

rates:
4pp.| 8pp.|12pp./ 16pp-| 20pp.| 24pp.| 28pp.| 32pp.| 48pp.| 64ppP
25 copies $1.40 $2.45|$3.65|$ 4.40/68 5.65) $6.50/$ 8.00/$ 8.45/$12.55|$15.90
50 " 1.65| 2.90] 4.25} 5.10] 6.65] 7.75| 9.40] 9.85] 14.15] 17.35
(loses 1.95] 3-35] 4.85] 5.65} 7-60} 8.75] 10.45] 11.25] 15.65] 19.95
100 ‘ 2.25] 3.80) 5.35] 6.35] 8.25] 9.80] 11.55] 12.45] 17.55] 22.05
I5o0 ‘ 2.70} 4.60] 6.50} 7.60] 10,20] 12.10] 14.20] 15.20] 21.35| 26.80
200.4" 3-00] 5.05] 7.15] 8.35] 11.40] 13.50] 15.80] 16.85] 23.55] 29.60
300 + 3.85 sei 9.20} 10.70] 14.85] 17.55} 20.50] 21.05] 30.20] 37.40
Covers: Plates: 100 for $1.00

25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 114c. each,

Committees for 1925.

Finance Committee
R, A. HARPER, Chairman.
J. H. BARNHART
Miss C. C. HAYNES
SERENO STETSON

Budget Committee
J. H. BARNHART, Chairman.
R. A, HARPER
N. L. Britton
H. M. DENsSLow

Field Committee

A. L. GUNDERSEN, Chairman.
Miss JEAN BROADHURST

H. M. DENsLow

G. C. FISHER

Miss E. M. Kuprer
MICHAEL LEVINE

Miss Darsy LEvy

RayMonpD H. Torrey
PERCY WILSON

Membership Committee

J. K. SMALL, Chairman.

T. E. HAZEN

NORMAN TAYLOR

C. S. GAGER Local Flora Committee
M. A. Howe N. L. Britton, Chairman.
H. H. Russy
Phanerogams: Cryptogams:
N. L. Britton Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
: H. M. DENsSLow A. W. Evans
Program Committee W.C. FEercuson T.E. Hazen

' A. H. GRAVEs, Chairman,
Mrs. E. G. BRITTON
T. E. Hazen
M. A. Howe

LupLow Griscom M.A. Howe
BAYARD LonG

MICHAEL LEVINE

. K. MACKENZIE W. A. MurrRILL
G.

E. NICHOLS F. J, SEAVER

NORMAN TAYLOR
Chairmen of Special Committees on Local Flora

Ferns and Fern Allies: R. C. Benedict

Mosses: Mrs. E. G. Britton

Liverworts: A. W. Evans

Fresh Water Algae: T. E. Hazen

Marine Algae: M. A. Howe

Gasteromycetes: G. C. Fisher

Russula and Lactarius: Miss G.
S. Burlingham

Cortinarius: R. A. Harper

Polyporeae: M. Levine

Rusts and Smuts: P. Wilson

_Discomycetes: F. J. Seaver

Lichens:

Sphaeriaceae, Dothideaceae: H. M
Richards

Hypocreaceae, Plectascineae, Tu-
berineae: F. J. Seaver

Erysiphaceae: G, M. Reed

Sclerotium-forming Fungi: A.B.Stourt

Imperfecti: F. J. Seaver. Mel. T.
Cook

Phycomycetes: A. F. Blakeslee

Myxomycetes:

Yeast and Bacteria: Miss. J. Broad-

hurst
~ Insect galls: Mel T. Cook

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

(1) BULLETIN

A monthly journal devoted to general botany, eutuitishien
1870. Vol. 49, published in 1922, contained 408 pages of
text and 17 full page plates. Price $4.00 per annum.
For Europe, $4.25. Dulau & Co., 47 Soho Square,
London, are agents for England.

Of former volumes, 24-47 can be supplied separately |
at $4.00 each; certain numbers of other volumes are
available, but the entire stock of some numbers has been
reserved for the completion of sets. Single copies (40
cents) will be furnished ony when not breaking complete
volumes.

(2) MEMOIRS

The Memorrs, established 1889, are published at irregu-
lar intervals. Volumes 1-17 are now completed. The
subscription price is fixed at $3.00 per volume in advance;
Vol. 17, containing Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial —
Anniversary of the Club, 490 pages, was issued in 1918,
price $5.00. Certain numbers can also be purchased singly.
A list of titles of the individual papers and of prices will
be furnished on application.

(3) Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri-

dophyta reported as growing within one hundred miles of _.

New York, 1888. Price, $1.00.

- Correspondence relating to the above publications should
be addressed to |

RALPH C. BENEDICT
poeye Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

ray
ee,
a

Sg ea Eee i

eee ng

Wi NTL

00310 6422

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Texts

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Torreya"

See other formats